http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1495	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus		[MSW2] Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981).; [MSW3] Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995a, b). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001).; [HMW] Pteropus amplexicaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 , “L’ile de Timor [= Timor: Island],” Lesser Sunda Islands. Subspecies of R. amplexicaudatus differ mainly in size, with amplexicaudatus being the largest and brachyotis the smallest. The form hedigeri from Bougainville Island ( Solomon Islands ) is considered a synonym of brachyotis ; the form minor from Java is considered a synonym of infumatus. Taxonomic status ofthe recently described R. tangkokoensis by H. J. Lengkong and colleagues in 2016 from northern Sulawesi , similar to R. amplexicaudatus , needs additional investigation. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Rousettus . Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a , b ). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.; [IUCN] This species, as currently defined, probably includes several undescribed, "cryptic" species in the Moluccas (K. Helgen in litt.). On the mainland the separation of the species from R. leschenaultii is sometimes problematic, the two species occur sympatrically.; [batnames2023] Subgenus Rousettus . Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a , b ). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a, b). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.				stresemanni	(stresemanni)	bocagei, brachyotis, hedigeri, infumatus, minor, philippinensis, stresemanni.	amplexicaudatus, infumatus, stresemanni, brachyotis	amplexicaudatus, brachyotis, hedigeri, infumatus, minor	amplexicaudatus - philippinensis, stresemanni; infumatus - bocagei	amplexicaudatus, brachyotis, infumatus	infumatus - minor; brachyotis - hedigeri	amplexicaudatus, brachyotis, hedigeri, infumatus, minor	amplexicaudatus - philippinensis, stresemanni; infumatus - bocagei	amplexicaudatus, infumatus, philippinensis, minor, brachyotis, bocagei, stresemanni, hedigeri	This species, as currently defined, probably includes several undescribed, "cryptic" species in the Moluccas (K. Helgen in litt.). On the mainland the separation of the species from R. leschenaultii is sometimes problematic, the two species occur sympatrically.	amplexicaudatus, brachyotis, hedigeri, infumatus, minor	amplexicaudatus - philippinensis, stresemanni, tangkokoensis; infumatus - bocagei	amplexicaudatus, infumatus, philippinensis, minor, brachyotis, bocagei, stresemanni, hedigeri	amplexicaudatus, infumatus, philippinensis, minor, brachyotis, bocagei, stresemanni, hedigeri	amplexicaudatus, brachyotis, hedigeri, infumatus, minor	amplexicaudatus - philippinensis, stresemanni, tangkokoensis; infumatus - bocagei	amplexicaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|infumatus (J. E. Gray, 1871)|philippinensis (J. E. Gray, 1871)|minor (Dobson, 1873)|brachyotis (Dobson, 1877)|bocagei (de Seabra, 1898)|stresemanni G. Stein, 1933|hedigeri Pohle, 1953		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Geoffroy's rousette	S Burma – Solomon Is, Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis., Timor Isl.	E. Geoffroy	1810	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 15:96.	Distribution: This species ranges from Thailand through the Malay peninsula and East Indies to the Philippines and the Solomon islands.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Geoffroy's rousette	S Burma – Solomon Is, Philippines; refs. 4.10, 11, 12	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	E. Geoffroy	1810	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 15:96.	Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981).	Cambodia; Thailand; Malay Peninsula through Indonesia to New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., and Solomon Isis; Philippines.	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis, Timor Isl.		E. GEOFFROY	1810	A small to medium sized species (forearm length, 66-91 mm; pollex, 24-30 mm; second phalanx of third digit, 39-47 mm). Molars relatively broad. Median edge of plagiopatagium attached to side of body. Uropatagium naked. Body fur relatively short. Last lower molar broader in relation to length than in leschenaulti (breadth from five sixths to two thirds of length).	Distribution: This species ranges from Thailand through the Malay peninsula and East Indies to the Philippines and the Solomon islands.	While the status of sub species in this species is confused, four subspecies are currently recognized (ROOKMAAKER & BERGMANS 1981):	R. a. amplexicaudatus (= philippinensis) (Thailand, Malay peninsula, Mentawai islands, Borneo, Philippines, Moluc cas, Timor and Sumba in the Lesser Sundas), R. a. infumatus (= minor) (Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas east to Flores), R. a. stresemanni (New Guinea), R. a. brachyotis ( = hedigeri) (Bismarcks, Solomons). – Allocation to sub species of populations from Sulawesi is uncertain.	19	species	R. amplexicaudatus	E. GEOFFROY	1810	Rousettus	subgenus	Rousettus amplexicaudatus				A small to medium sized species (forearm length, 66-91 mm; pollex, 24-30 mm; second phalanx of third digit, 39-47 mm). Molars relatively broad. Median edge of plagiopatagium attached to side of body. Uropatagium naked. Body fur relatively short. Last lower molar broader in relation to length than in leschenaulti (breadth from five sixths to two thirds of length).	While the status of sub species in this species is confused, four subspecies are currently recognized (ROOKMAAKER & BERGMANS 1981):		3. R. amplexicaudatus (E. GEOFFROY 1810).	3	_R. a. amplexicaudatus_ (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810) (synonyms: _bocagei_ (Seabra, 1898), _philippinensis_ (Gray, 1871), _stresemanni_ Stein, 1933); _R. a. brachyotis_ (Dobson, 1877) (synonyms: _hedigeri_ Pohle, 1953); _R. a. infumatus_ (Gray, 1871) (synonyms: _minor_ (Dobson, 1873))			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	E. Geoffroy	y	1810		Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	15		96		Geoffroy's Rousette	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Timor Isl.	Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, and Laos; Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia, Java, and Bali; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	philippinensis Gray, 1871; stresemanni Stein, 1933; brachyotis Dobson, 1877; hedigeri Pohle, 1952; infumatus Gray, 1871; bocagei Seabra, 1898; minor Dobson, 1873.	Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995a, b). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001).	03AD87FAFFD9F637899D31E5F9C0FCC6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	85	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFDFF63189643E38F9A2F368.xml	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	Roussette de Geoffroy @fr | Geoffroy-Flughund @de | Rosetus de Geoffroy @es | Common Rousette @en	Pteropus amplexicaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 , “L’ile de Timor [= Timor: Island],” Lesser Sunda Islands. Subspecies of R. amplexicaudatus differ mainly in size, with amplexicaudatus being the largest and brachyotis the smallest. The form hedigeri from Bougainville Island ( Solomon Islands ) is considered a synonym of brachyotis ; the form minor from Java is considered a synonym of infumatus. Taxonomic status ofthe recently described R. tangkokoensis by H. J. Lengkong and colleagues in 2016 from northern Sulawesi , similar to R. amplexicaudatus , needs additional investigation. Three subspecies recognized.	R.a.amplexicaudatusE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1810—mainlandSEAsia(C&SEMyan-mar,SCChinainYunnan,NLaos,andNVietnamStoMalayPeninsula),Philippines,MentawaiIs(NorthPagai),EngganoI,Borneo,Moluccas,ELesserSundaIs(Flores,Sawu,Roti,Timor,andKisar),TanimbarIs,NewGuinea(includingWaigeo,Batanta,Salawati,andYapenIs),andLouisiadeArchipelago(SideiaI);SulawesianandnearbyIspopulations(Sangihe,Thulandang,Talisei,Lembeh,Batudaka,andPeleng)aretentativelyassignedtothissubspecies. R.a.brachyotisDobson,1877—AdmiraltyIs(Manus),BagabagI,BismarckArchipelago(Mussau,Emirau,NewHanover,NewIreland,Dyaul,Tabar,Lihir,DukeofYork,andNewBritainIs),andSolomonIs(Buka,Bougainville,Fauro,Choiseul,VellaLavel-la,Kolombangara,NewGeorgia,Vangunu,SantaIsabel,Guadalcanal,NggelaSule,Malaita,andSanCristobal). R. a. infumatus J. E. Gray, 1870 — Sumatra , Java , and W Lesser Sunda Is ( Bali , Nusa Penida, and Lombok; possibly also on Alor).	Head—body 128-154 mm , tail 13-24 mm , ear 16- 5-24 mm , hindfoot 19-21 mm , forearm 70-92 mm ; weight 64-106 g . Males are always larger on average than females. Geoffroy’s Rousette is similar to Leschenault’s Rousette ( R. leschenaultii ), distinguished by subcircular (as opposed to elliptical) occlusal outline of M,, narrower ears, and proportionally more slender and shorter rostrum. Ears are narrow, tips are not attenuated, and antitragus is small and round. Fur coloris similar to that of other species of Rousettus : generally brown and grayish drab on chest, breast, and belly. It has been suggested that darker hue might be useful to distinguish Geoffroy’s Rousette from other eastern species of Rousettus . Head, back, and rump range from dark brown to dark olive or sepia-brown; nape is wood-brown to greenish brown; sides of neck and fore neck are more or less suffused with wood-brown or tawny olive in males and greenish brown in females. Distinct band of dorsal fur, 15-35- 5 mm wide, occurs between both plagiopatagium insertions. Furis rather short and sparse. Neck region is almost naked. Uropatagium and tibia are almost bare. Adults of both sexes can have two bright-colored and bristly hair tufts, one at either side of neck; these tufts occur especially in older specimens and are often absent, without geographical regularity. Wing membranes are dark brown but are nearly translucent over bones giving appearance of white stripes. Claw is present on index finger. Palatal ridges are variable depending on subspecies: 3+4+1,4+3+1,0or4+4 +1 (less commonly). Dental formula for all species of Rousettusis12/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Dentition is conservative in tooth number and structure of dental pieces. There is a tendency in Geoffroy’s Rousette for reduction of interspace between C' and P?%P! in some individuals is closely wedged between those two teeth (absent in a few individuals); this characteristic is variable, without correlation to geography. Premolars and molars vary in size but are similar to those of Leschenault’s Rousette. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 68.	Primary and secondary forests, mixed agricultural land (orchard), and open areas, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2200 m . Geoftroy’s Rousette also occurs in residential areas up to elevations of ¢. 500 m .	Geoffroy’s Rousette is frugivorous but also eats nectar. It often feeds on overripe fruits, minimizing their damage in commercial orchards. On Panay Island ( Philippines ), diets included native and exotic fruits from at least 14 genera and eleven families. Ficus was very important on Panay Island, with eleven species included in diets. Flowers from Erythrina ( Fabaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ) are used.	On Negros Island ( Philippines ), multiparous Geoffroy’s Rousettes gave birth in March-April and usually August-September, a pattern of seasonal bimodal polyestry. Exact timing of these birth periods probably varies from year to year, but births coincide with beginning of dry season and early wet season. Females were lactating and pregnant when captured in April-May, indicating that most females have young in both birthing periods and postpartum estrus. Females become pregnant in their first year oflife; first births occurred in broad peak from June to late August. Gestation is ¢.150 days, and lactation lasts ¢.60 days. Crown—rump length of neonates is ¢. 47 mm . A similar reproductive pattern was observed in New Guinean populations, with females producing two litters of one young annually. Geoffroy’s Rousettes might have a harem-type of mating system; adult males are less abundant than females.	On Mindanao, Geoffroy’s Rousette roosted in caves with large openings and close to water, and it might use rock crevices and old tombs. It is docile when handled, rarely calling or biting.	Geoffroy’s Rousette roosts in large colonies of2000-100,000 individuals. On the Island of Samal ( Philippines ), the world’s largest colony of Geoffroy’s Rousette was estimated at ¢.883,000 individuals in the first 100 m of a 150 m-long cave (Monfort Cave). It often roosts in association with other fruit bats such as the Lesser Dawn Bat ( Eonycteris spelaea ). A capture-recapture study suggested that individuals have large home ranges. Geoftroy’s Rousettes regularly fly long distances (more than 20 km /night) to forage. Genetic studies based on allozymes showed little genetic differentiation among populations in the Philippines , indicating high dispersal ability.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Geoffroy’s Rousette is widespread, with common and abundant populations, and seemingly not declining at a fast rate. Nevertheless,it is heavily hunted in South-east Asia, Borneo, and the Philippines and regarded as a pest in parts ofits distribution.	Bergmans & Hill (1980) | Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988) | Carpenter, E.S. et al. (2014) | Csorba, Rosell-Ambal & Ingle (2008) | Francis (1989) | Galorio & Nuneza (2014) | Heaney, Dolar et al. (2010) | Heaney, Walsh & Peterson (2005) | Heideman & Heaney (1989) | Heideman & Utzurrum (2003) | Hill (1983) | Hodgkison et al. (2004b) | Hood et al. (1988) | Lengkong etal. (2016) | Rookmaaker & Bergmans (1981) | Tanalgo & Hughes (2018) | Tanalgo & Tabora (2015)		41. Geoffroy’s Rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus French: Roussette de Geoffroy / German: Geoffroy-Flughund / Spanish: Rosetus de Geoffroy Other common names: Common Rousette Taxonomy. Pteropus amplexicaudatus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 , “L’ile de Timor [= Timor: Island],” Lesser Sunda Islands. Subspecies of R. amplexicaudatus differ mainly in size, with amplexicaudatus being the largest and brachyotis the smallest. The form hedigeri from Bougainville Island ( Solomon Islands ) is considered a synonym of brachyotis ; the form minor from Java is considered a synonym of infumatus. Taxonomic status ofthe recently described R. tangkokoensis by H. J. Lengkong and colleagues in 2016 from northern Sulawesi , similar to R. amplexicaudatus , needs additional investigation. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R.a.amplexicaudatusE.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1810—mainlandSEAsia(C&SEMyan-mar,SCChinainYunnan,NLaos,andNVietnamStoMalayPeninsula),Philippines,MentawaiIs(NorthPagai),EngganoI,Borneo,Moluccas,ELesserSundaIs(Flores,Sawu,Roti,Timor,andKisar),TanimbarIs,NewGuinea(includingWaigeo,Batanta,Salawati,andYapenIs),andLouisiadeArchipelago(SideiaI);SulawesianandnearbyIspopulations(Sangihe,Thulandang,Talisei,Lembeh,Batudaka,andPeleng)aretentativelyassignedtothissubspecies. R.a.brachyotisDobson,1877—AdmiraltyIs(Manus),BagabagI,BismarckArchipelago(Mussau,Emirau,NewHanover,NewIreland,Dyaul,Tabar,Lihir,DukeofYork,andNewBritainIs),andSolomonIs(Buka,Bougainville,Fauro,Choiseul,VellaLavel-la,Kolombangara,NewGeorgia,Vangunu,SantaIsabel,Guadalcanal,NggelaSule,Malaita,andSanCristobal). R. a. infumatus J. E. Gray, 1870 — Sumatra , Java , and W Lesser Sunda Is ( Bali , Nusa Penida, and Lombok; possibly also on Alor). Descriptive notes. Head—body 128-154 mm , tail 13-24 mm , ear 16- 5-24 mm , hindfoot 19-21 mm , forearm 70-92 mm ; weight 64-106 g . Males are always larger on average than females. Geoffroy’s Rousette is similar to Leschenault’s Rousette ( R. leschenaultii ), distinguished by subcircular (as opposed to elliptical) occlusal outline of M,, narrower ears, and proportionally more slender and shorter rostrum. Ears are narrow, tips are not attenuated, and antitragus is small and round. Fur coloris similar to that of other species of Rousettus : generally brown and grayish drab on chest, breast, and belly. It has been suggested that darker hue might be useful to distinguish Geoffroy’s Rousette from other eastern species of Rousettus . Head, back, and rump range from dark brown to dark olive or sepia-brown; nape is wood-brown to greenish brown; sides of neck and fore neck are more or less suffused with wood-brown or tawny olive in males and greenish brown in females. Distinct band of dorsal fur, 15-35- 5 mm wide, occurs between both plagiopatagium insertions. Furis rather short and sparse. Neck region is almost naked. Uropatagium and tibia are almost bare. Adults of both sexes can have two bright-colored and bristly hair tufts, one at either side of neck; these tufts occur especially in older specimens and are often absent, without geographical regularity. Wing membranes are dark brown but are nearly translucent over bones giving appearance of white stripes. Claw is present on index finger. Palatal ridges are variable depending on subspecies: 3+4+1,4+3+1,0or4+4 +1 (less commonly). Dental formula for all species of Rousettusis12/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/3 (x2) = 34. Dentition is conservative in tooth number and structure of dental pieces. There is a tendency in Geoffroy’s Rousette for reduction of interspace between C' and P?%P! in some individuals is closely wedged between those two teeth (absent in a few individuals); this characteristic is variable, without correlation to geography. Premolars and molars vary in size but are similar to those of Leschenault’s Rousette. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FN = 68. Habitat. Primary and secondary forests, mixed agricultural land (orchard), and open areas, from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 2200 m . Geoftroy’s Rousette also occurs in residential areas up to elevations of ¢. 500 m . Food and Feeding. Geoffroy’s Rousette is frugivorous but also eats nectar. It often feeds on overripe fruits, minimizing their damage in commercial orchards. On Panay Island ( Philippines ), diets included native and exotic fruits from at least 14 genera and eleven families. Ficus was very important on Panay Island, with eleven species included in diets. Flowers from Erythrina ( Fabaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ) are used. Breeding. On Negros Island ( Philippines ), multiparous Geoffroy’s Rousettes gave birth in March-April and usually August-September, a pattern of seasonal bimodal polyestry. Exact timing of these birth periods probably varies from year to year, but births coincide with beginning of dry season and early wet season. Females were lactating and pregnant when captured in April-May, indicating that most females have young in both birthing periods and postpartum estrus. Females become pregnant in their first year oflife; first births occurred in broad peak from June to late August. Gestation is ¢.150 days, and lactation lasts ¢.60 days. Crown—rump length of neonates is ¢. 47 mm . A similar reproductive pattern was observed in New Guinean populations, with females producing two litters of one young annually. Geoffroy’s Rousettes might have a harem-type of mating system; adult males are less abundant than females. Activity patterns. On Mindanao, Geoffroy’s Rousette roosted in caves with large openings and close to water, and it might use rock crevices and old tombs. It is docile when handled, rarely calling or biting. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Geoffroy’s Rousette roosts in large colonies of2000-100,000 individuals. On the Island of Samal ( Philippines ), the world’s largest colony of Geoffroy’s Rousette was estimated at ¢.883,000 individuals in the first 100 m of a 150 m-long cave (Monfort Cave). It often roosts in association with other fruit bats such as the Lesser Dawn Bat ( Eonycteris spelaea ). A capture-recapture study suggested that individuals have large home ranges. Geoftroy’s Rousettes regularly fly long distances (more than 20 km /night) to forage. Genetic studies based on allozymes showed little genetic differentiation among populations in the Philippines , indicating high dispersal ability. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Geoffroy’s Rousette is widespread, with common and abundant populations, and seemingly not declining at a fast rate. Nevertheless,it is heavily hunted in South-east Asia, Borneo, and the Philippines and regarded as a pest in parts ofits distribution. Bibliography. Bergmans & Hill (1980), Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988), Carpenter, E.S. et al. (2014), Csorba, Rosell-Ambal & Ingle (2008), Francis (1989), Galorio & Nuneza (2014), Heaney, Dolar et al. (2010), Heaney, Walsh & Peterson (2005), Heideman & Heaney (1989), Heideman & Utzurrum (2003), Hill (1983), Hodgkison et al. (2004b), Hood et al. (1988), Lengkong etal. (2016), Rookmaaker & Bergmans (1981), Tanalgo & Hughes (2018), Tanalgo & Tabora (2015).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	E. Geoffroy	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.6917	Geoffroy's Rousette	 philippinensis Gray, 1871; stresemanni Stein, 1933; <b>brachyotis</b> Dobson, 1877;  <b>hedigeri</b> Pohle, 1952; <b> infumatus </b> Gray, 1871; bocagei Seabra, 1898; <b> minor </b> Dobson, 1873.	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Timor Isl.	Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, and Laos; Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia, Java, and Bali; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Rousettus . Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a , b ). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	23	Geoffroy's Rousette	Common Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	ROUSETTINI	Rousettus	NA	amplexicaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1						"L'île de Timor [= Timor Island]," Lesser Sunda Islands.			amplexicaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|infumatus (J. E. Gray, 1871)|philippinensis (J. E. Gray, 1871)|minor (Dobson, 1873)|brachyotis (Dobson, 1877)|bocagei (Seabra, 1898)|stresemanni Stein, 1933|hedigeri (Pohle, 1952)	NA	NA	Myanmar|China|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore?|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	sciname match	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19754	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	(É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)	This species, as currently defined, probably includes several undescribed, "cryptic" species in the Moluccas (K. Helgen in litt.). On the mainland the separation of the species from R. leschenaultii is sometimes problematic, the two species occur sympatrically.	20000000	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	Least Concern		2019	2019-05-26 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and occurrence in several protected areas. It is not believed to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a threatened category, although in some regions it has undergone significant declines due to hunting, cave disturbances, treasure hunting, and persecution as the species is considered a pest and harms crops.	This is a colonial species which forms colonies ranging in size from tens of individuals to ca. 1.8 million bats (Carpenter et al. 2014). The roosts are in caves, rock crevices, and old tombs and can be found in a wide variety of habitats including secondary forest, agricultural areas, and other disturbed areas like rural gardens, fruit orchards and at the forest edge (Heaney et al.  1991, 1998, Heideman and Heaney 1989, Lepiten 1995, Rickart et al.  1993). It is present, but less common, in primary tropical moist forest. Preliminary evidence from pollination studies suggests this species may play an important role as a pollinator for commercially important durian trees, Parkia speciosa Hassk, and cultivated banana (Musa spp.) (Sritongchuay and Bumrungsri 2016, Bumrungsri et al.  2013). They have been documented traveling up to 50 kilometers each night, in search of appropriate fruit (Whittaker, 1994). Gestation is thought to be about 150 days, and lactation about 60 days (Heideman and Utzurrum 2003). The species may have two litters of a single young annually (Bonaccorso 1998, Heideman and Utzurrum 2003) or just two well-defined clusters per year, one in March/April and the other in August/September (Heideman and Utzurrum 2003). Rousettus are known to use a primitive form of echolocation (tongue clicking) while foraging. Deforestation, which is severe in the Philippines (Jones et al.  2009), limits vegetative cover. This results in patchy distribution of food resources and has the potential to destroy important navigational landmarks (Mickleburgh et al.  2002). Cave disturbances, resulting from activities such as guano mining and visitation by tourists and treasure hunters, renders otherwise suitable caves unsuitable for habitation, limiting an already finite resource for the bats (Mickleburgh et al.  2002, Jones et al.  2009). Climate change has the potential to alter existing vegetative communities (Hughes et al.  2012) and generate more severe weather systems, causing increased bat mortality (Wiles and Brooke 2009). In the Philippines and Indochina, they are subject to intense hunting at some cave roosts (Utzurrum 1992). Finally, predation by invasive predators, like feral cats and dogs, and humans who harvest bats for bushmeat, sport, medicine, and trade place R. amplexicaudatus under even greater levels of strain (Mickleburgh et al.  2002, Wiles and Brooke 2009). In some locations, the disturbances caused by these various threats have been so severe that the species has completely abandoned many of its historic roosts (Carpenter et al.  2014). In some areas people still net around their orchards and the bat will get caught and die in the nets. Rousettus amplexicaudatus are one of the most common bats found in these nets (P. Soisook pers. comm).	It is predicted by experts that the population is declining due to habitat destruction, deforestation (fragmentation, forest conversion to urban areas and plantation agriculture), karst and cave disturbances (tourism), mining, treasure hunting, bat hunting, introduction of invasive predators, and overharvesting by humans throughout its range (Heaney et al. 1991, 1998; Heideman and Heaney 1989; Lepiten 1995; Rickart et al. 1993; Mickleburgh et al. 2002; Wiles and Brooke 2009; Furey et al. 2016). Further, it is regarded as a pest in some parts of its range and in some areas, people still net around their orchards, leaving the bats to die in the nets. Rousettus amplexicaudatus are one of the most common bats found in these nets (S. Bumrungsri Pers. comm. 2019).	The global population of Rousettus amplexicaudatus is thought to be declining due to extensive disturbance in its roosts from hunting, mining and other threats (see below). However, this is a widespread species that is commonly encountered. It is a common species with an extensive geographic range. This is a locally abundant species in Southeast Asia and the Philippines (Utzurrum 1992). The Monfort Bat Cave, on Samal Island in the southern Philippines has an estimated 1.8 million individuals (Carpenter et al. 2014) and is formally recognized as the world’s largest colony for the species. Many colonies throughout its range are subject to intense hunting (Utzurrum 1992, Scheffers et al. 2012), and anthropogenic pressures at cave roosts have resulted in the abandonment of many historically occupied sites (Carpenter et al. 2014). Despite the broad distribution of R. amplexicaudatus and the perception that it is quite common, this species is subject to many threats throughout its range (Delpopolo et al. 2014). Scientists are concerned that the presence of multiple large roosts masks, or may cause biologists to overlook, critical signs of stress, such as regular roost abandonment (Delpopolo et al. 2014). Within some countries, biologists believe that the species is in decline due to habitat destruction (deforestation, karst and cave disturbance) and hunting (Indonesia, S. Wiantoro pers. comm., Malaysia, S. Abdul Aziz, pers. comm., and the Philippines, N. Ingle, pers. comm.)	Unknown	This species is known from Yunnan in China (Smith et al. 2008) extending to Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Viet Nam (Borissenko and Kruskop 2003), Lao PDR (Duckworth et al. 1999), and Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia (including Borneo-Kalimantan, Natuna Is., Sumatra, Sulawesi, Papua, Java, Bali, and small islands in Lesser Sunda and Moluccas. It is widespread throughout much of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), the Bismarck Archipelago and adjacent islands. It is present on many of the Molucca Islands, including the islands of Halmahera, Morotai, Buru, Seram, Langkawi archipelago, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It has been recorded from the island of Bougainville and Buka (S. Hamilton pers. comm.) and many of the Solomon Islands as far south as the island of San Cristobal.	There is trading of this species within countries but no known international commercial trading of it.	Terrestrial	Rousettus amplexicaudatus is found in many types of sites with some levels of protection, like the private protected cave of the Monfort Bat Cave, Philippines, National Parks, Protected Areas, Forest Reserves, and Key Biodiversity Areas. However, conservation of the species remains challenging given its extensive range, diverse habitats, and perceptions of local communities. Further, conservation efforts for the species are difficult because many perceive that this is a common species with few threats due to the massive numbers that are readily seen when the species is in a roost (Carpenter et al. 2014). Identification, protection, and regular monitoring of important roost sites would benefit the conservation of this species across its range. The united protection of local and regional cave roosts for the species also will help to ensure the sustainability of regional populations. In the Philippines, caves are protected under the Cave Management Act, although this is not fully enforced. In much of Southeast Asia the species requires protection from hunting. The more people know about the natural history of ;R. amplexicaudatus , the more effectively populations can be monitored, managed, and protected (Delpopolo et al. 2014). Conservation campaigns will increase the awareness of people about this species conservation, and afterwards it is hoped that cave disturbance and hunting activities can be minimized. Research and education are needed about the species actual impact on orchards and how helpful and crucial they really are to economically and ecologically important species and crops (C. Francis pers. comm. 2006). Further, research is needed to understand hunting pressures and to establish, where appropriate, harvest guidelines.	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.691667	Geoffroy's Rousette	 philippinensis Gray, 1871; stresemanni Stein, 1933; <b>brachyotis</b> Dobson, 1877;  <b>hedigeri</b> Pohle, 1952; <b> infumatus </b> Gray, 1871; bocagei Seabra, 1898; <b> minor </b> Dobson, 1873.	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Timor Isl.	Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, and Laos; Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia, Java, and Bali; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Isls.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Rousettus . Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a , b ). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	1004540	23	Geoffroy's Rousette	Common Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	ROUSETTINI	Rousettus	NA	amplexicaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1						"L'île de Timor [= Timor Island]," Lesser Sunda Islands.			amplexicaudatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810)|infumatus (J. E. Gray, 1871)|philippinensis (J. E. Gray, 1871)|minor (Dobson, 1873)|brachyotis (Dobson, 1877)|bocagei (Seabra, 1898)|stresemanni Stein, 1933|hedigeri (Pohle, 1952)	NA	NA				Myanmar|China|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore?|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	sciname match	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	1004540	23	Geoffroy's Rousette	Common Rousette	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Rousettini	Rousettus	NA	amplexicaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1	Pteropus amplexicaudatus	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. 1810. Description des roussettes et des céphalotes, deux nouveaux genres de la famille des chauve-souris. Annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 15:86-108.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3546703	MNHN A. 79	holotype		"L'île de Timor [= Timor Island]," Lesser Sunda Islands.			NA	NA				Myanmar|China|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore?|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines|East Timor|Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Asia|Oceania (Continent)	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	sciname match	Rousettus_amplexicaudatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Rousettus	Rousettus	amplexicaudatus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	1810	1	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	0.691667	Geoffroy's Rousette	philippinensis Gray, 1871; stresemanni Stein, 1933; brachyotis Dobson, 1877;  hedigeri Pohle, 1952; infumatus Gray, 1871; bocagei Seabra, 1898; minor Dobson, 1873.	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Timor Isl.	Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, and Laos; Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia, Java, and Bali; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Isls.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href=”https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19754/22001514/” target=”_blank>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995 a, b). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). The name tangkokoensis (Lengkong, Arisoesilaningsih, Hakim and Sudarto, 2016) does not meet ICZN electronic publication criteria.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rousettus amplexicaudatus; Rousettus amplexicaudatus; Rousettus amplexicaudatus; Rousettus amplexicaudatus; Rousettus amplexicaudatus; Rousettus amplexicaudatus; amplexicaudatus; brachyotis; hedigeri; infumatus; minor; philippinensis; stresemanni; infumatus - bocagei; amplexicaudatus; brachyotis; infumatus; infumatus - minor; brachyotis - hedigeri; brachyotis; hedigeri; infumatus; minor; philippinensis; stresemanni; infumatus - bocagei; amplexicaudatus; infumatus; philippinensis; minor; brachyotis; bocagei; stresemanni; hedigeri; Roussette de Geoffroy; Geoffroy-Flughund; Rosetus de Geoffroy; Common Rousette; Geoffroy's Rousette; Common Rousette; Geoffroy's Rousette; Geoffroy's Rousette; R. amplexicaudatus