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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1483	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Rhogeessa tumida [synonym of]	N/A	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa io		[MSW3] Subgenus Rhogeessa. Formerly included in tumida (e.g., Hall, 1981; Koopman, 1993, 1994) but see Genoways and Baker (1996).; [HMW] Rhogeessa io Thomas, 1903 , “Valencia [ Carabobo ], Venezuela .” Previously considered a race of R. parvula , based on external and skull morphology; later included in R. tumida based on bacular, external and skull morphology; subsequently returned to full species status based on karyological studies. Overits wide distribution, this species probably includes additional subspecies or even species yet to be described; one south Central American specimen showed considerable genetic distance from Venezuelan and Trinidadian populations, indicating that they may correspond to different species; a taxonomic review is needed. Monotypic.; [MDD2022] previously included R. velilla; [IUCN] Karyotypic and genetic studies of a population of Rhogeessa io from western Ecuador, revealed that the form referred to as R. io velilla should be treated as a valid species (Baird et al. 2008).; [MDD2023] previously included R. velilla; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included R. velilla; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included R. velilla									bombyx, riparia, velilla			io	io - bombyx, riparia	io, bombyx, riparia	Karyotypic and genetic studies of a population of Rhogeessa io from western Ecuador, revealed that the form referred to as R. io velilla should be treated as a valid species (Baird et al. 2008).	io	io - bombyx, riparia	io, bombyx, riparia	io, bombyx, riparia	io	io - bombyx, riparia	io O. Thomas, 1903|bombyx O. Thomas, 1913|riparia G. G. Goodwin, 1958						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Nycticeiini	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	io	Thomas		1903		Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	11		382		Thomas's Yellow Bat	Venezuela, Carabobo, Valencia.	C and S Nicaragua south to N Colombia and W Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana; N and C Brazil; N Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	bombyx Thomas, 1913; riparia Goodwin, 1958; velilla Thomas, 1903.	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Formerly included in tumida (e.g., Hall, 1981; Koopman, 1993, 1994) but see Genoways and Baker (1996).	4C3D87E8FF986A20FA929A211FEEBE0A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	859	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF9E6A21FF81941A1F8AB00E.xml	Rhogeessa io	Vespertilionidae	Rhogeessa	innoxius	Thomas	1903	Rhogeessa de Thomas @fr | Thomas-Gelbfledermaus @de | Rogesa de Thomas @es | Southern Little Yellow Bat @en	Rhogeessa io Thomas, 1903 , “Valencia [ Carabobo ], Venezuela .” Previously considered a race of R. parvula , based on external and skull morphology; later included in R. tumida based on bacular, external and skull morphology; subsequently returned to full species status based on karyological studies. Overits wide distribution, this species probably includes additional subspecies or even species yet to be described; one south Central American specimen showed considerable genetic distance from Venezuelan and Trinidadian populations, indicating that they may correspond to different species; a taxonomic review is needed. Monotypic.	C & SE Nicaragua S to N & W Colombia , NW Ecuador , Venezuela , and patchily in Guyana , Amazonian Brazil , and Bolivia ; also San Andrés, Providencia, Trinidad , and Tobago Is.	Head—body 37-50 mm , tail 29-33 mm , ear 11-13 mm , hindfoot 5-8 mm , forearm 27- 6-32 mm ; weight 3-6 g . Dorsal fur is bicolored, with whitish to grayish-yellow bases and cinnamon tips; ventral fur is tawny olive with paler bases. Ears blackish and triangular; tragus long. Eyes small, and face triangular. Wing membranes blackish brown and naked; uropatagium almost naked, sparsely furred only until knee. Skull short (greatest skull length less than 12- 6 mm ) and broad; rostrum broad and flattened; braincase broad and low, with low but distinct sagittal crest; zygomatic arches broad and spread wide; helmet absent. I? has distinct secondary cusp near tip; molariform teeth relatively broad and heavy; palate broad. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30.	Wide variety of habitats, including evergreen and deciduous forest, thorn scrub, open areas and villages, occupying almost every vegetation zone at elevations from sea level to 1500 m . Commonly found in slightly disturbed deciduous forests.	Insectivorous, feeding on small flying insects that are captured on hunting routes along trails, roads, streams and wells, and clearings, often close to ground. Analyses of fecal samples from Venezuela showed that 100% of their volume was composed by coleopterans, mainly Scarabaeidae .	Pregnant females were captured from February to April, lactating females from March to July, and flying juveniles from May to August. The scarce information available indicates that litter size is two.	Nocturnal; this fast-flying bat initiates foraging activity right after sunset. Two peaks of activity, one in first hour of evening, and other in last hour before dawn. Roosts found in palm fronds, hollow trees, between boards, under thatched roofs and other human buildings. Echolocation search-phase calls have durations of 2:1-3-8 milliseconds, with maximum frequencies of 95-111 kHz and minimum frequencies of 33-42 kHz. Frequency at maximum energy 48-2-57-7 kHz.	This species can roost in fairly large colonies; recorded roosting in a church tower along with Bonda Mastiff Bats (Molossus currentium), Sinaloan Mastiff Bats (M. sinaloae), Argentine Serotines ( Eptesicus furinalis ), long-tongued bats (Glossophaga sp.), Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ), and Lesser Bulldog Bats ( Noctilio albiventris ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widely distributed, with expected large population. It occurs in several protected areas.	Baird, Hillis et al. (2008) | Baird, Marchan-Rivadeneira et al. (2012) | Bianconi & Pedro (2017) | Bickham & Ruedas (2008) | Dolan & Carter (1979) | Emmons & Feer (1997) | Genoways & Baker (1996b) | Goodwin (1958b) | Goodwin & Greenhall (1961) | LaVal (1973a) | Oria & Machado (2007) | Pio et al. (2010) | Simmons (2005) | Soriano & Tavares (2016)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398261/files/figure.png	213. Thomas's Yellow Bat Rhogeessa io French: Rhogeessa de Thomas / German: Thomas-Gelbfledermaus / Spanish: Rogesa de Thomas Other common names: Southern Little Yellow Bat Taxonomy. Rhogeessa io Thomas, 1903 , “Valencia [ Carabobo ], Venezuela .” Previously considered a race of R. parvula , based on external and skull morphology; later included in R. tumida based on bacular, external and skull morphology; subsequently returned to full species status based on karyological studies. Overits wide distribution, this species probably includes additional subspecies or even species yet to be described; one south Central American specimen showed considerable genetic distance from Venezuelan and Trinidadian populations, indicating that they may correspond to different species; a taxonomic review is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. C & SE Nicaragua S to N & W Colombia , NW Ecuador , Venezuela , and patchily in Guyana , Amazonian Brazil , and Bolivia ; also San Andrés, Providencia, Trinidad , and Tobago Is. Descriptive notes. Head—body 37-50 mm , tail 29-33 mm , ear 11-13 mm , hindfoot 5-8 mm , forearm 27- 6-32 mm ; weight 3-6 g . Dorsal fur is bicolored, with whitish to grayish-yellow bases and cinnamon tips; ventral fur is tawny olive with paler bases. Ears blackish and triangular; tragus long. Eyes small, and face triangular. Wing membranes blackish brown and naked; uropatagium almost naked, sparsely furred only until knee. Skull short (greatest skull length less than 12- 6 mm ) and broad; rostrum broad and flattened; braincase broad and low, with low but distinct sagittal crest; zygomatic arches broad and spread wide; helmet absent. I? has distinct secondary cusp near tip; molariform teeth relatively broad and heavy; palate broad. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30. Habitat. Wide variety of habitats, including evergreen and deciduous forest, thorn scrub, open areas and villages, occupying almost every vegetation zone at elevations from sea level to 1500 m . Commonly found in slightly disturbed deciduous forests. Food and Feeding. Insectivorous, feeding on small flying insects that are captured on hunting routes along trails, roads, streams and wells, and clearings, often close to ground. Analyses of fecal samples from Venezuela showed that 100% of their volume was composed by coleopterans, mainly Scarabaeidae . Breeding. Pregnant females were captured from February to April, lactating females from March to July, and flying juveniles from May to August. The scarce information available indicates that litter size is two. Activity patterns. Nocturnal; this fast-flying bat initiates foraging activity right after sunset. Two peaks of activity, one in first hour of evening, and other in last hour before dawn. Roosts found in palm fronds, hollow trees, between boards, under thatched roofs and other human buildings. Echolocation search-phase calls have durations of 2:1-3-8 milliseconds, with maximum frequencies of 95-111 kHz and minimum frequencies of 33-42 kHz. Frequency at maximum energy 48-2-57-7 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. This species can roost in fairly large colonies; recorded roosting in a church tower along with Bonda Mastiff Bats (Molossus currentium), Sinaloan Mastiff Bats (M. sinaloae), Argentine Serotines ( Eptesicus furinalis ), long-tongued bats (Glossophaga sp.), Common Black Myotis ( Myotis nigricans ), and Lesser Bulldog Bats ( Noctilio albiventris ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widely distributed, with expected large population. It occurs in several protected areas. Bibliography. Baird, Hillis et al. (2008), Baird, Marchan-Rivadeneira et al. (2012), Bianconi & Pedro (2017), Bickham & Ruedas (2008), Dolan & Carter (1979), Emmons & Feer (1997), Genoways & Baker (1996b), Goodwin (1958b), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), LaVal (1973a), Oria & Machado (2007), Pio et al. (2010), Simmons (2005), Soriano & Tavares (2016).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Rhogeessa io	Rhogeessa		io	Thomas	1903	0	Ann Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 382	Thomas' Yellow Bat	 bombyx Thomas, 1913; riparia Goodwin, 1958.	Venezuela, Carabobo, Valencia.	C and S Nicaragua south to N Colombia and W Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana; N and C Brazil; N Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhogeessa io	23	Thomas's Yellow Bat	Southern Little Yellow Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	ANTROZOINI	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	io	O. Thomas	1903	0	Rhogeessa_io	Thomas, O. (1903). Two South-American forms of Rhogeessa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 11, 382.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/412/mode/1up	BM 1894.9.25.1		"Valencia [Carabobo], Venezuela."			io O. Thomas, 1903|bombyx O. Thomas, 1913|riparia G. G. Goodwin, 1958	previously included R. velilla	Baird, A. B., Hillis, D. M., Patton, J. C., & Bickham, J. W. (2008). Evolutionary history of the genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3), 744-754.	Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhogeessa_io	0	sciname match	Rhogeessa_io	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Rhogeessa io	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Rhogeessa	io	Thomas, 1903	Karyotypic and genetic studies of a population of Rhogeessa io from western Ecuador, revealed that the form referred to as R. io velilla should be treated as a valid species (Baird et al. 2008).	20000000	Rhogeessa io	Least Concern		2016	2016-03-14 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in because of its wide distribution, presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining at the rate required to qualify or nearly qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This bat inhabits a variety of habitats, including evergreen and deciduous forest, thorn shrub, open areas, and villages. It appears to favour slightly disturbed, deciduous forest. Its roosts are unknown, but it can take refuge in buildings and hollow trees, like other species of the genus (Bickham and Ruedas 2008). This is one of the first bats to appear at sunset, often flying low to the ground along wide trails or roads. There are two peaks of activity, for an hour after sunset and within an hour of dawn. It feeds on small flying insects. Individuals appear to have established hunting routes. Echolocation calls are short, with maximum energy at 50 to 60 kHz.	No current threats are known for this species.	In Central America this bat is uncommon to locally common (Reid 2009).	Unknown	This species occurs from central and south Nicaragua south to northern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, as well as Venezuela, it is also found on Trinidad and Tobago, San Andes and Providencia, Guyana, northeastern Amazonia Brazil, and northern Bolivia (Simmons 2005, Baird et al. 2008). Central Brazilian portion of range need taxonomic review (V. Tavares pers. comm.), therefore Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Colombian populations are unclear (Bickham and Ruedas 2008). Taxonomic clarification is required to determine the appropriate geographic range for this species.		Terrestrial	It is known to occur in protected areas. A taxonomic review is required.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Rhogeessa		io	Thomas	1903	0	Ann Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 382	Thomas' Yellow Bat	 bombyx Thomas, 1913; riparia Goodwin, 1958.	Venezuela, Carabobo, Valencia.	C and S Nicaragua south to N Colombia and W Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana; N and C Brazil; N Bolivia.	Not listed.	Least Concern		Rhogeessa io	1005500	23	Thomas's Yellow Bat	Southern Little Yellow Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	ANTROZOINI	Rhogeessa	NA	io	O. Thomas	1903	0	Rhogeessa_io	Thomas, O. (1903). Two South-American forms of Rhogeessa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 11, 382.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/412/mode/1up	BM 1894.9.25.1		"Valencia [Carabobo], Venezuela."			io O. Thomas, 1903|bombyx O. Thomas, 1913|riparia G. G. Goodwin, 1958	previously included R. velilla	Baird, A. B., Hillis, D. M., Patton, J. C., & Bickham, J. W. (2008). Evolutionary history of the genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3), 744-754.				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhogeessa_io	0	sciname match	Rhogeessa_io	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhogeessa_io	1005500	23	Thomas's Yellow Bat	Southern Little Yellow Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Antrozoini	Rhogeessa	NA	io	O. Thomas	0	Rhogeessa io	Thomas, O. 1903-04-01. Two South-American forms of _Rhogeessa_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11(64):382-383.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19367929	BMNH:Mamm:1894.9.25.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/0b835e19-6e3a-4c1b-b98e-5f88be39437b	"Valencia [Carabobo], Venezuela."			previously included R. velilla	Baird, A. B., Hillis, D. M., Patton, J. C., & Bickham, J. W. (2008). Evolutionary history of the genus Rhogeessa (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(3), 744-754.				Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Ecuador|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhogeessa_io	0	sciname match	Rhogeessa_io	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Rhogeessa		io	Thomas	1903	0	Ann Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 382	Thomas' Yellow Bat	bombyx Thomas, 1913; riparia Goodwin, 1958.	Venezuela, Carabobo, Valencia.	C and S Nicaragua south to N Colombia and W Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana; N and C Brazil; N Bolivia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88151760/22019853/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhogeessa io; Rhogeessa io; Rhogeessa io; Rhogeessa io; Rhogeessa io; Rhogeessa io; bombyx; riparia; velilla; bombyx; riparia; io; bombyx; riparia; Rhogeessa de Thomas; Thomas-Gelbfledermaus; Rogesa de Thomas; Southern Little Yellow Bat; Thomas's Yellow Bat; Southern Little Yellow Bat; Thomas's Yellow Bat; Thomas' Yellow Bat; R. io