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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L149	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax melanocephalus		[MSW3] Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).; [HMW] Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825 , “L’ile de Java .” Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam , west Java , Indonesia . Former subspecies tumulus considered as full species here following Bergmans in 2011. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Bergmanns and Rozendaal (1988) described tumulus as a subspecies of Chironax melanocephalus, stating that recognition as a full species might be justified, but that “we prefer to let this question rest until sufficient numbers of – preferably spirit – specimens from Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo have become available for study.” Bergmanns (2011) raised tumulus to full species stating “On the basis of the clear morphological differences with the nominate taxon, extensively described and figured by Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988) and of biogeographical considerations, the author is convinced that Chironax tumulus should stand as an independent species.” However, Bergmans (2011) did not present any additional data, nor has any other study to date. Given this sitaution, we retain tumulus as a subspecies of  melanocephalus and await additional reserach that will clarify relationships between these two taxa.; [MDD2022] previously included C. melanocephalus; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Previously included tumulus as a subspecies (see Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988; Bergmans, 2011). The subspecies dyasae from Borneo may also occur in Sumatra (see Maharadatunkamsi, 2021; Huang et al., 2014).; [MDD2023] previously included C. tumulus; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included C. tumulus; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Previously included tumulus as a subspecies (see Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988; Bergmans, 2011). The subspecies dyasae from Borneo may also occur in Sumatra (see Maharadatunkamsi, 2021; Huang et al., 2014).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included C. tumulus						tumulus.		melanocephalus, tumulus		melanocephalus, dyasae		tumulus		tumulus		dyasae, melanocephalus		melanocephalus, dyasae 	melanocephalus, dyasae 	dyasae, melanocephalus		melanocephalus (Temminck, 1825)|dyasae Maharadatunkamsi, 2012		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Black-capped fruit bat	S Thailand – Java, Celebes	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Chironax melanocephalus	Indonesia, W. Java, Bantam.	Temminck	1825	Monogr. Mamm., 1:190.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Black-capped fruit bat	S Thailand – Java, Borneo, Sulawesi; refs. 4.14, 110	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1825	Monogr. Mamm., 1:190.		Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl, and Sulawesi.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam.		TEMMINCK	1825	Size small (forearm length, 41 -5 0 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	No subspecies.		34	species	C. melanocephalus	TEMMINCK	1825	Chironax	genus	Chironax melanocephalus				Size small (forearm length, 41 -5 0 mm).	No subspecies.		1. C. melanocephalus (TEMMINCK 1825).	1	_C. m. dyasae_ Maharadatunkamsi, 2012; _C. m. melanocephalus_ (Temminck, 1825)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax		melanocephalus	Temminck	y	1825		Monogr. Mamm.	1		190		Black-capped Fruit Bat	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam, Gunung Karang (restricted by Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988).	Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl, and Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	tumulus Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988.	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	03AD87FAFFD7F639899F3F42FA61F575	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	77	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFD7F639899F3F42FA61F575.xml	Chironax melanocephalus	Pteropodidae	Chironax	melanocephalus		1825	Cynoptére a téte noire @fr | Sunda-Schwarzkappenflughund @de | Chironax de Sunda @es | Black-capped Fruit Bat @en	Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825 , “L’ile de Java .” Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam , west Java , Indonesia . Former subspecies tumulus considered as full species here following Bergmans in 2011. Two subspecies recognized.	C.m.melanocephalusTemminck,1825—MalayanPeninsula(fromSThailand),N&SSumatra,NiasI,andWJava. C. m. dyasae Maharadatunkamsi, 2012 — Borneo.	Head-body 55-72 mm (tailless), ear 11-15 mm , hindfoot 9-3- 10- 6 mm , forearm 44-48 mm ; weight 16-20 g . Sumatran specimens appear to have two morphs; one is slightly larger and more similar to the Bornean subspecies dyasae, which might represent an undescribed species of Chironax . Head and moderately elongated muzzle are blackish and almost hairless, nostrils are shortly tubular and divergent, philtrum is divided into two parallel grooves, and lower lip pads are large. Skin around eyes is naked, eyes are large, and iris is dark brown. Ears are short, rounded, and almost black. Head pelage is short, dense, and very dark blackish brown, continuing on nape; dorsum is a lighter grayish, with longer woollier hairs (lighter or “linoleum brown” in dyasae). Uropatagium is undeveloped at center and densely covered dorsally with soft brown hairs, calcar is small, and foot claws are whitish. Throat is sparsely haired; sides of neck and shoulders have tufts of yellowish to intensely orange hairs, turning creamy in chest and more grayish and woollier on venter to genitals. Underside of uropatagium is densely haired. Wing membranes are black from sides of body and attach on second toe, and index claw is present. Skull is small and delicate, with no basicranial deflection; rostrum is gracile, gently sloping into forehead; premaxillae are fused; orbit is large; zygomatic root is only slightly above upper alveolar line; zygomais very thin and arched posteriorly; and braincase is rounded and globose. Dorsally, rostrum is relatively wide, paranasal recesses are inflated, surpassing posteriorly root of small, thin postorbital processes; postorbital constriction is not marked; braincase is oval, with barely noticeable sagittal crest; and nuchal crest is obvious. Ventrally, palate is flat, tooth rows are gently diverging, post-dental palate is long and convergent, end of post-dental palate 1s flat, sphenoid crest is present, and ectotympanic is small and wide anteriorly and internally edged by adpressed and wide entotympanic. Mandible is thin, coronoid is long and sloping, condyle is level with lower alveolar line, and angle is rounded and distinct. Dental formula for all species of Chironaxis12/2,C1/1,P3/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 30. Upper dentition has two pairs of crowded, relatively short incisors; C' is thin, short, and slightly decurved; P' is a spicule; next premolar (P°) is large and triangular, with distinct additional anteroexternal cusp; posterior cheekteeth decrease in size, and all cheekteeth are rectangular in outline. Lower dentition has two pairs of small incisors; C, 1s small, short, and barely curved; P|, has pointed crown; and posterior cheekteeth are anteriorly almost as high as C,, decreasing in size and all with rectangular outline, except peg-like M..	Forests, more common in hill and montane rainforests, at elevations above 600 m . The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat uses all forest strata below the canopy.	The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous. It is a long-term resident that uses “steady-state” fruiting plants in which a few fruits ripen in a given night and are exploited sequentially as they become available during an extended fruiting season (greater than two months) and fruit from large trees with shortduration (less than two weeks) large crops (e.g. Ficus spp. , Moraceae ). In Peninsular Malaysia , diet contains fruits of Polyalthia ( Annonaceae ), Diospyros ( Ebenaceae ), Ficus , Pellacalyx ( Rhizophoraceae ), Adinandra ( Pentaphylacaceae ); important Ficus species are I fistulosa, I. globosa, and F. scortechinii.	The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Batis possibly monoestrous, with pregnant females from February (peak) through July, and females with dependent young chiefly in February-March.	Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bats roost in cave entrances, rock shelters, and tree cavities in forest subcanopy and on undersides of tree fern fronds.	The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat roosts in groups of 2-8 individuals.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat is common, widespread, and unlikely to decline fast enough to change category. Nevertheless, overall population trend is unknown, and it is fragmented in three main regions: Peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra, and Java, with two morphometrically distinct subspecies.	Bergmans (2011) | Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988) | Hodgkison (2001) | Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014) | Hutson, Kingston & Suyanto (2008) | Kingston et al. (2006) | Maharadatunkamsi (2012) | Phillipps & Phillipps (2016)		29. Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat Chironax melanocephalus French: Cynoptére a téte noire / German: Sunda-Schwarzkappenflughund / Spanish: Chironax de Sunda Other common names: Black-capped Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825 , “L’ile de Java .” Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam , west Java , Indonesia . Former subspecies tumulus considered as full species here following Bergmans in 2011. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. C.m.melanocephalusTemminck,1825—MalayanPeninsula(fromSThailand),N&SSumatra,NiasI,andWJava. C. m. dyasae Maharadatunkamsi, 2012 — Borneo. Descriptive notes. Head-body 55-72 mm (tailless), ear 11-15 mm , hindfoot 9-3- 10- 6 mm , forearm 44-48 mm ; weight 16-20 g . Sumatran specimens appear to have two morphs; one is slightly larger and more similar to the Bornean subspecies dyasae, which might represent an undescribed species of Chironax . Head and moderately elongated muzzle are blackish and almost hairless, nostrils are shortly tubular and divergent, philtrum is divided into two parallel grooves, and lower lip pads are large. Skin around eyes is naked, eyes are large, and iris is dark brown. Ears are short, rounded, and almost black. Head pelage is short, dense, and very dark blackish brown, continuing on nape; dorsum is a lighter grayish, with longer woollier hairs (lighter or “linoleum brown” in dyasae). Uropatagium is undeveloped at center and densely covered dorsally with soft brown hairs, calcar is small, and foot claws are whitish. Throat is sparsely haired; sides of neck and shoulders have tufts of yellowish to intensely orange hairs, turning creamy in chest and more grayish and woollier on venter to genitals. Underside of uropatagium is densely haired. Wing membranes are black from sides of body and attach on second toe, and index claw is present. Skull is small and delicate, with no basicranial deflection; rostrum is gracile, gently sloping into forehead; premaxillae are fused; orbit is large; zygomatic root is only slightly above upper alveolar line; zygomais very thin and arched posteriorly; and braincase is rounded and globose. Dorsally, rostrum is relatively wide, paranasal recesses are inflated, surpassing posteriorly root of small, thin postorbital processes; postorbital constriction is not marked; braincase is oval, with barely noticeable sagittal crest; and nuchal crest is obvious. Ventrally, palate is flat, tooth rows are gently diverging, post-dental palate is long and convergent, end of post-dental palate 1s flat, sphenoid crest is present, and ectotympanic is small and wide anteriorly and internally edged by adpressed and wide entotympanic. Mandible is thin, coronoid is long and sloping, condyle is level with lower alveolar line, and angle is rounded and distinct. Dental formula for all species of Chironaxis12/2,C1/1,P3/3, M 1/2 (x2) = 30. Upper dentition has two pairs of crowded, relatively short incisors; C' is thin, short, and slightly decurved; P' is a spicule; next premolar (P°) is large and triangular, with distinct additional anteroexternal cusp; posterior cheekteeth decrease in size, and all cheekteeth are rectangular in outline. Lower dentition has two pairs of small incisors; C, 1s small, short, and barely curved; P|, has pointed crown; and posterior cheekteeth are anteriorly almost as high as C,, decreasing in size and all with rectangular outline, except peg-like M.. Habitat. Forests, more common in hill and montane rainforests, at elevations above 600 m . The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat uses all forest strata below the canopy. Food and Feeding. The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous. It is a long-term resident that uses “steady-state” fruiting plants in which a few fruits ripen in a given night and are exploited sequentially as they become available during an extended fruiting season (greater than two months) and fruit from large trees with shortduration (less than two weeks) large crops (e.g. Ficus spp. , Moraceae ). In Peninsular Malaysia , diet contains fruits of Polyalthia ( Annonaceae ), Diospyros ( Ebenaceae ), Ficus , Pellacalyx ( Rhizophoraceae ), Adinandra ( Pentaphylacaceae ); important Ficus species are I fistulosa, I. globosa, and F. scortechinii. Breeding. The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Batis possibly monoestrous, with pregnant females from February (peak) through July, and females with dependent young chiefly in February-March. Activity patterns. Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bats roost in cave entrances, rock shelters, and tree cavities in forest subcanopy and on undersides of tree fern fronds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat roosts in groups of 2-8 individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat is common, widespread, and unlikely to decline fast enough to change category. Nevertheless, overall population trend is unknown, and it is fragmented in three main regions: Peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra, and Java, with two morphometrically distinct subspecies. Bibliography. Bergmans (2011), Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988), Hodgkison (2001), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Hutson, Kingston & Suyanto (2008), Kingston et al. (2006), Maharadatunkamsi (2012), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Chironax melanocephalus	Chironax		melanocephalus	Temminck	1825	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.1736	Black-capped Fruit Bat	<b> tumulus </b>Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam, Gunung Karang (restricted by Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988).	Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl, and Sulawesi.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Bergmanns and Rozendaal (1988) described tumulus as a subspecies of Chironax melanocephalus, stating that recognition as a full species might be justified, but that “we prefer to let this question rest until sufficient numbers of – preferably spirit – specimens from Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo have become available for study.” Bergmanns (2011) raised tumulus to full species stating “On the basis of the clear morphological differences with the nominate taxon, extensively described and figured by Bergmans & Rozendaal (1988) and of biogeographical considerations, the author is convinced that Chironax tumulus should stand as an independent species.” However, Bergmans (2011) did not present any additional data, nor has any other study to date. Given this sitaution, we retain tumulus as a subspecies of  melanocephalus and await additional reserach that will clarify relationships between these two taxa.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Chironax melanocephalus	23	Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat	Black-capped Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	BALIONYCTERINI	Chironax	NA	melanocephalus	Temminck	1825	1						"L'île de Java." Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam, west Java, Indonesia.			melanocephalus (Temminck, 1825)|dyasae Maharadatunkamsi, 2012	previously included C. melanocephalus	Bergmans, W. (2011). An annotated list of mammal type specimens in the collections of the former Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam (1890-2010). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85, 835.	Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	sciname match	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4670	Chironax melanocephalus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Chironax	melanocephalus	(Temminck, 1825)		20000000	Chironax melanocephalus	Least Concern		2020	2019-08-08 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread, and still common in both lowland, hill and montane forest, and it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. ;However, recent reports have said that it is now found less frequently than before and their preferred forest habitats are facing intense developmental pressure and declines. Further survey data is needed, though this species will likely soon qualify for Near Threatened as its habitat continues to deteriorate.	It occurs in lowland, hill and montane forest. The Sabah specimen was taken in the understory of dipterocarp forest. It has been found roosting in small groups in tree ferns and in a shallow cave (Payne et al . 1985). It is probably not dependent on water.	<p>Habitat loss is a threat for this species, it is usually not found in disturbed forest. Deforestation is occurring throughout its range for logging, agriculture and plantations, and as a result of fires. The species was previously considered common, though recent reports have said that it is now seen rather infrequently. </p>	<p>This was previously a fairly common species, though recent reports have said that it is relatively uncommon. ;</p>	Decreasing	This species is known from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Nias, western Java, and also Sulawesi in Indonesia, and from scattered records in Borneo (including Sabah, Brunei and Kalimantan). There is apparently a record from Bali.		Terrestrial	<p>The species occurs in protected areas, such as Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi.</p>	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Chironax		melanocephalus	Temminck	1825	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.173611	Black-capped Fruit Bat	Yes.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam, Gunung Karang (restricted by Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988)	Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl	Not listed.	Least Concern	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Previously included tumulus as a subspecies (see Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988; Bergmans, 2011). The subspecies dyasae from Borneo may also occur in Sumatra (see Maharadatunkamsi, 2021; Huang et al., 2014).	Chironax melanocephalus	1004362	23	Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat	Black-capped Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	BALIONYCTERINI	Chironax	NA	melanocephalus	Temminck	1825	1						"L'île de Java." Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam, west Java, Indonesia.			melanocephalus (Temminck, 1825)|dyasae Maharadatunkamsi, 2012	previously included C. tumulus	Bergmans, W. (2011). An annotated list of mammal type specimens in the collections of the former Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam (1890-2010). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85, 835.				Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	sciname match	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Chironax_melanocephalus	1004362	23	Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat	Black-capped Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Balionycterini	Chironax	NA	melanocephalus	Temminck	1	Pteropus melanocephalus	Temminck, C.J. 1825. Livraison 5. Pp. 157–204 in Temminck, C.J. 1827. Monographies de Mammalogie. G. Dufour et E. d'Ocagne, Paris, 268 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52681336	RMNH.MAM.35728	lectotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35728	"L'île de Java." Restricted by W. Bergmans and F. G. Rozendaal in 1988 to Gunung Karang, Bantam, west Java, Indonesia.			previously included C. tumulus	Bergmans, W. (2011). An annotated list of mammal type specimens in the collections of the former Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam (1890-2010). Zoologische Mededelingen, 85, 835.				Thailand|Malaysia|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	sciname match	Chironax_melanocephalus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Chironax		melanocephalus	Temminck	1825	1	Monogr. Mamm.	0.173611	Black-capped Fruit Bat	Yes.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam, Gunung Karang (restricted by Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988)	Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4670/22037874/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Previously included tumulus as a subspecies (see Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988; Bergmans, 2011). The subspecies dyasae from Borneo may also occur in Sumatra (see Maharadatunkamsi, 2021; Huang et al., 2014).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Chironax melanocephalus; Chironax melanocephalus; Chironax melanocephalus; Chironax melanocephalus; Chironax melanocephalus; Chironax melanocephalus; melanocephalus; tumulus; melanocephalus; dyasae; tumulus; tumulus; Cynoptére a téte noire; Sunda-Schwarzkappenflughund; Chironax de Sunda; Black-capped Fruit Bat; Sundaic Black-capped Fruit Bat; Black-capped Fruit Bat; Black-capped Fruit Bat; Black-capped Fruit Bat; C. melanocephalus