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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1478	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma muscatellum		[MSW2] The Ethiopian record may be misidentified R. hardwickei macinnesi. See Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986, Mammalian Species, 263).; [MSW3] Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).; [HMW] Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903 , “Wadi Bani Ruha,” Muscat , Arabia ( Oman ). Rhinopoma muscatellum was considered a subspecies of R. hardwickii until A. F. De-Blase and colleagues in 1973 convincingly demonstrated differences between them, supporting their status as distinct species. With regard to larger size of individuals from eastern Iran and Afghanistan , they proposed separate subspecific status of seicanum. Molecular analyses revealed that divergence between muscatellum and hardwickii was even deeper than expected: muscatellum and hadramauticum form a common clade with microphyllum and quite distant from the clade of other forms of Rhinopoma . Large genetic distance between samples of R. muscatellum from Oman and those from Iran (4-9-5-4% based on cytochrome-b), together with data on phenotype homogeneity of all Iranian samples including topotypic seianum, suggest a split of R. muscatellum into two distinct clades. Correspondingly, two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi ; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).; [IUCN] Earlier the taxa muscatellum Thomas, 1903 and seianum Thomas, 1913 were treated as subspecies of Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Individuals from Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan are considered as R. muscatellum seianum based on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Benda et al. 2012). The nominotypic subspecies is now restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (Benda and Gaisler 2015).; [batnames2023] Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi ; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).; [batnames2025_1.7] Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).						pusillum, seianum.	muscatellum, seianum	muscatellum, seianum	pusillum	muscatellum, secanum		muscatellum, seianum	muscatellum - pusillum	muscatellum, seianum, pusillum	Earlier the taxa muscatellum Thomas, 1903 and seianum Thomas, 1913 were treated as subspecies of Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Individuals from Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan are considered as R. muscatellum seianum based on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Benda et al. 2012). The nominotypic subspecies is now restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (Benda and Gaisler 2015).	muscatellum, seianum	muscatellum - pusillum	muscatellum, seianum, pusillum	muscatellum, seianum, pusillum	muscatellum, seianum	muscatellum - pusillum	muscatellum O. Thomas, 1903|seianum O. Thomas, 1913|pusillum O. Thomas, 1920		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Oman – S Afghanistan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha.	Thomas	1903	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:498.	Distribution: Restricted to Oman, southern and eastern Iran, and southern Af ghanistan.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		S Arabia – W Pakistan	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1903	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:498.	The Ethiopian record may be misidentified R. hardwickei macinnesi. See Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986, Mammalian Species, 263).	Oman, W Iran, S Afghanistan, perhaps Ethiopia.	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha.		THOMAS	1903	Size small (forearm length, 45-55 mm). Tail usually longer than forearm. Sagittal crest low. Supraorbital ridges low and not enclosing a prominent recess. Rostrum with pronounced and rather angular swellings, which project laterally considerably be yond anterior ends of nasals. Muzzle with low dermal ridge.	Distribution: Restricted to Oman, southern and eastern Iran, and southern Af ghanistan.	Two currently recognized subspecies:	R. m. muscatellum (= pusillum) (Oman and southern Iran), R. m. seianum (confined to a small area of extreme eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan).	41	species	R. muscatellum	THOMAS	1903	Rhinopoma	genus	Rhinopoma muscatellum				Size small (forearm length, 45-55 mm). Tail usually longer than forearm. Sagittal crest low. Supraorbital ridges low and not enclosing a prominent recess. Rostrum with pronounced and rather angular swellings, which project laterally considerably be yond anterior ends of nasals. Muzzle with low dermal ridge.	Two currently recognized subspecies:		3. R. muscatellum THOMAS 1903.	3	_R. m. muscatellum_ Thomas, 1903 (synonyms: _pusillum_ Thomas, 1920); _R. m. seianum_ Thomas, 1913			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinopomatidae			Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma		muscatellum	Thomas		1903		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	11		498		Small Mouse-tailed Bat	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha.	United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, SW Iran, S Afghanistan, W Pakistan, SW India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	pusillum Thomas, 1920; seianum Thomas, 1913.	Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).	4C3D87E8FF986A27FF8E9D3C19A1BE5B	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	174	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/86/0E/C8/860EC8445714FFEFFF04FB50B205F7B5.xml	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopomatidae	Rhinopoma	muscatellum	Thomas	1903	Rhinopome de Muscat @fr | Muscat-Mausschwanzfledermaus @de | Rhinopoma de Mascate @es | Small Mouse-tailed Bat @en	Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903 , “Wadi Bani Ruha,” Muscat , Arabia ( Oman ). Rhinopoma muscatellum was considered a subspecies of R. hardwickii until A. F. De-Blase and colleagues in 1973 convincingly demonstrated differences between them, supporting their status as distinct species. With regard to larger size of individuals from eastern Iran and Afghanistan , they proposed separate subspecific status of seicanum. Molecular analyses revealed that divergence between muscatellum and hardwickii was even deeper than expected: muscatellum and hadramauticum form a common clade with microphyllum and quite distant from the clade of other forms of Rhinopoma . Large genetic distance between samples of R. muscatellum from Oman and those from Iran (4-9-5-4% based on cytochrome-b), together with data on phenotype homogeneity of all Iranian samples including topotypic seianum, suggest a split of R. muscatellum into two distinct clades. Correspondingly, two subspecies recognized.	R.m.muscatellumThomas,1903—EArabianPeninsulaatAl-HajarMts(EUnitedArabEmiratesandNEOman). R. m. secanum Thomas, 1913 — W & S Iran , S Afghanistan , and S Pakistan , up to 34° N ; perhapsalso India , but records from Genji in Rajasthan and Gingee in Tamil Nadu are doubtful (suspected misidentification).	Head—body 53-64 mm, tail 56-75 mm, ear 18-3-22-4 mm, hindfoot 12-13 mm, forearm 48-5-55-4 mm; weight 4-6-14 g. The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is a small form of Rhinopoma (greatest lengths of skull 15-5-17-5 mm and lengths of tooth row from C' to M? 5-3-6-1 mm), with tail longer than forearm. Pelage is unicolored, pale gray without brownish tint typical for other species of Rhinopoma and lighter on belly. Shape of nasal plate of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat differs from the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. hardwickii ) and the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. cystops ), particularly by lack of inflationsof lateral ridges and flat dorsal ridge sometimes having slight medial depression instead of triangular noseleaf structural characteristic of the latter species. Anterior part of skull of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is narrower than in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and more parallelsided, so that the outline as seen from above runs backward and then abruptly turns outward at zygomatic bone; in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and other species of Rhinopoma , general outline diverges evenly to the broadest point of zygomatic bone. Nasal prominences are large, thin, and inflated and project forward in front of anterior end of middle line of nasals. Hind edge of palate is distinctly behind level oflast molar. Bullae are conspicuously larger than in congeners. Nasal inflations are conspicuously large in lateral view, with angular anterior expansion attaining plain anterior to mesial base of canine. In adult Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats, lateral and distal margins of nasal inflations tend to form bony crest of pentagonal shape,typically accompanied by deep slit-like medial groove in posterior part of internasal surface. Palatal incision is distinctly V-shaped and terminates posterior to plane of last molars. Least breadths of post-palatal projection of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat are 1-6-2-2 mm compared to 2:2-2-7 mm in the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat. Sagittal crest is moderately high in frontal region and indistinct in parietal part. Further differences from other species of Rhinopoma , partly shared with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. microphyllum ), are dental characteristics: C' has distinct distal cingular cusp; upper molariform teeth are delicately build; talons are much narrower than in other species; and their palatal wall is low, with no talonal cusp on P* but a separate, mesially tapered, cingular protuberance at buccal crown axis. Talons of molars, particularly M', are quite narrow and tapered distally, with low palatal margin and shallow hypoconal undulation without cusp-like termination (as appears in R. hardwickii group). Distinct rudimentary metacrista of M? is turned distally. Mesial cingular ridge on palatal side of C,is present, P,is relatively small, and P, is elongated, typically with broad distal basin.	Arid semi-desert habitats from sea level to elevations of 1190 m ( 750 m on average). The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat roosts in small caverns and rocky niches, narrow crevices in rocky cliffs, and dark areas in spacious karst caves, often in mixed colonies with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat. Foraging areas of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat are treeless arid landscapes, often along rivers.	The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat regularly eats small-sized beetles and definitely prefers winged ants in autumn. Ants (Formicoidea) dominated seven of nine diet samples from Oman , and beetles dominated two. Ants also dominated (up to 95%) three of seven diet samples in Iran (all from October and early November); a late November sample had diverse prey, with predominant representation of Heteroptera (62%) not recorded in other samples; two April samples had high proportions of beetles (mostly smaller Scarabaeidae and Carabidae ) and increased representation of Lepidoptera (10%) not recorded in autumn diets.	In Oman , pregnant Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats were recorded in June-July, and lactating females were recorded in August and early September.	Spring and autumn records suggest foraging activity in that time. Whether it continues in winter period is not clear. Field records of echolocation calls revealed frequency ranges of second harmonic: 30-37 kHz in Iran and 31-33 kHz in Oman .	Most data about the Muscat Mousetailed Bat are anecdotal and mostly from autumn (October-November) and spring (April-May). A few reports on female maternity colonies suggest sexual segregation in summer, while in autumn, winter, and spring samples, both sexes appear together in equal proportions. In many cases, one orjust few individuals were found in a daytime roost, typically hidden in rocky crevices. Size of colonies occupying walls of caverns or spacious caves varies from few to 50 individuals. Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats often share roost with Greater Mouse-tailed Bats, Egyptian Rousettes ( Rousettus aegyptiacus), Geoftroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bats (Asellia tridens), and Egyptian Tomb Bats ( Taphozous perforatus). An aggregation of 200 Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats found in Sistan (Iranian Balochistan) in late November indicated a tendency to form large winter colonies. Frequent appearance ofsingle bats or small groups in close vicinity to a larger colony roost suggests a fission—fusion pattern of roost occupancy at least in spring and autumn.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is rarely recorded,it has a relatively wide distribution, occurs in a broad variety of habitats, and is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. It is considered near threatened in Pakistan .	Akmali et al. (2017) | Bates & Harrison (1997) | Benda & Gaisler (2015) | Benda etal. (2012) | DeBlase (1980) | DeBlase et al. (1973) | Dookia & Singh (2017) | Ghalib et al. (2007) | Harrison & Bates (1991) | Hill (1977) | Hulva, Horacek & Benda (2007) | Judas et al. (2018) | Kock (1969d) | Largen et al. (1974) | Lay (1967) | Molur et al. (2002) | Qumsiyeh & Jones (1986) | Shahabiet al. (2017) | Thomas (1903b, 1913a) | Van Cakenberghe & De Vree (1994)	https://zenodo.org/record/6421041/files/figure.png	2. Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat Rhinopoma muscatellum French: Rhinopome de Muscat / German: Muscat-Mausschwanzfledermaus / Spanish: Rhinopoma de Mascate Other common names: Small Mouse-tailed Bat Taxonomy. Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903 , “Wadi Bani Ruha,” Muscat , Arabia ( Oman ). Rhinopoma muscatellum was considered a subspecies of R. hardwickii until A. F. De-Blase and colleagues in 1973 convincingly demonstrated differences between them, supporting their status as distinct species. With regard to larger size of individuals from eastern Iran and Afghanistan , they proposed separate subspecific status of seicanum. Molecular analyses revealed that divergence between muscatellum and hardwickii was even deeper than expected: muscatellum and hadramauticum form a common clade with microphyllum and quite distant from the clade of other forms of Rhinopoma . Large genetic distance between samples of R. muscatellum from Oman and those from Iran (4-9-5-4% based on cytochrome-b), together with data on phenotype homogeneity of all Iranian samples including topotypic seianum, suggest a split of R. muscatellum into two distinct clades. Correspondingly, two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.muscatellumThomas,1903—EArabianPeninsulaatAl-HajarMts(EUnitedArabEmiratesandNEOman). R. m. secanum Thomas, 1913 — W & S Iran , S Afghanistan , and S Pakistan , up to 34° N ; perhapsalso India , but records from Genji in Rajasthan and Gingee in Tamil Nadu are doubtful (suspected misidentification). Descriptive notes. Head—body 53-64 mm, tail 56-75 mm, ear 18-3-22-4 mm, hindfoot 12-13 mm, forearm 48-5-55-4 mm; weight 4-6-14 g. The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is a small form of Rhinopoma (greatest lengths of skull 15-5-17-5 mm and lengths of tooth row from C' to M? 5-3-6-1 mm), with tail longer than forearm. Pelage is unicolored, pale gray without brownish tint typical for other species of Rhinopoma and lighter on belly. Shape of nasal plate of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat differs from the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. hardwickii ) and the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. cystops ), particularly by lack of inflationsof lateral ridges and flat dorsal ridge sometimes having slight medial depression instead of triangular noseleaf structural characteristic of the latter species. Anterior part of skull of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is narrower than in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and more parallelsided, so that the outline as seen from above runs backward and then abruptly turns outward at zygomatic bone; in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and other species of Rhinopoma , general outline diverges evenly to the broadest point of zygomatic bone. Nasal prominences are large, thin, and inflated and project forward in front of anterior end of middle line of nasals. Hind edge of palate is distinctly behind level oflast molar. Bullae are conspicuously larger than in congeners. Nasal inflations are conspicuously large in lateral view, with angular anterior expansion attaining plain anterior to mesial base of canine. In adult Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats, lateral and distal margins of nasal inflations tend to form bony crest of pentagonal shape,typically accompanied by deep slit-like medial groove in posterior part of internasal surface. Palatal incision is distinctly V-shaped and terminates posterior to plane of last molars. Least breadths of post-palatal projection of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat are 1-6-2-2 mm compared to 2:2-2-7 mm in the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat. Sagittal crest is moderately high in frontal region and indistinct in parietal part. Further differences from other species of Rhinopoma , partly shared with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat ( R. microphyllum ), are dental characteristics: C' has distinct distal cingular cusp; upper molariform teeth are delicately build; talons are much narrower than in other species; and their palatal wall is low, with no talonal cusp on P* but a separate, mesially tapered, cingular protuberance at buccal crown axis. Talons of molars, particularly M', are quite narrow and tapered distally, with low palatal margin and shallow hypoconal undulation without cusp-like termination (as appears in R. hardwickii group). Distinct rudimentary metacrista of M? is turned distally. Mesial cingular ridge on palatal side of C,is present, P,is relatively small, and P, is elongated, typically with broad distal basin. Habitat. Arid semi-desert habitats from sea level to elevations of 1190 m ( 750 m on average). The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat roosts in small caverns and rocky niches, narrow crevices in rocky cliffs, and dark areas in spacious karst caves, often in mixed colonies with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat. Foraging areas of the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat are treeless arid landscapes, often along rivers. Food and Feeding. The Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat regularly eats small-sized beetles and definitely prefers winged ants in autumn. Ants (Formicoidea) dominated seven of nine diet samples from Oman , and beetles dominated two. Ants also dominated (up to 95%) three of seven diet samples in Iran (all from October and early November); a late November sample had diverse prey, with predominant representation of Heteroptera (62%) not recorded in other samples; two April samples had high proportions of beetles (mostly smaller Scarabaeidae and Carabidae ) and increased representation of Lepidoptera (10%) not recorded in autumn diets. Breeding. In Oman , pregnant Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats were recorded in June-July, and lactating females were recorded in August and early September. Activity patterns. Spring and autumn records suggest foraging activity in that time. Whether it continues in winter period is not clear. Field records of echolocation calls revealed frequency ranges of second harmonic: 30-37 kHz in Iran and 31-33 kHz in Oman . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Most data about the Muscat Mousetailed Bat are anecdotal and mostly from autumn (October-November) and spring (April-May). A few reports on female maternity colonies suggest sexual segregation in summer, while in autumn, winter, and spring samples, both sexes appear together in equal proportions. In many cases, one orjust few individuals were found in a daytime roost, typically hidden in rocky crevices. Size of colonies occupying walls of caverns or spacious caves varies from few to 50 individuals. Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats often share roost with Greater Mouse-tailed Bats, Egyptian Rousettes ( Rousettus aegyptiacus), Geoftroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bats (Asellia tridens), and Egyptian Tomb Bats ( Taphozous perforatus). An aggregation of 200 Muscat Mouse-tailed Bats found in Sistan (Iranian Balochistan) in late November indicated a tendency to form large winter colonies. Frequent appearance ofsingle bats or small groups in close vicinity to a larger colony roost suggests a fission—fusion pattern of roost occupancy at least in spring and autumn. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat is rarely recorded,it has a relatively wide distribution, occurs in a broad variety of habitats, and is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. It is considered near threatened in Pakistan . Bibliography. Akmali et al. (2017), Bates & Harrison (1997), Benda & Gaisler (2015), Benda etal. (2012), DeBlase (1980), DeBlase et al. (1973), Dookia & Singh (2017), Ghalib et al. (2007), Harrison & Bates (1991), Hill (1977), Hulva, Horacek & Benda (2007), Judas et al. (2018), Kock (1969d), Largen et al. (1974), Lay (1967), Molur et al. (2002), Qumsiyeh & Jones (1986), Shahabiet al. (2017), Thomas (1903b, 1913a), Van Cakenberghe & De Vree (1994).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinopomatidae	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Rhinopoma		muscatellum	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 498	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	 pusillum Thomas, 1920; <b>seianum</b> Thomas, 1913.	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha	United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, SW Iran, S Afghanistan, W Pakistan, SW India	Not listed.	Least Concern	Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi ; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinopoma muscatellum	23	Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOPOMATIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinopoma	NA	muscatellum	O. Thomas	1903	0	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	Thomas, O. (1903). On the species of the genus Rhinopoma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 11, 498.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/532/mode/1up	BM 1894.3.9.17		"Wadi Bani Ruha," Muscat, Arabia (Oman).			muscatellum O. Thomas, 1903|seianum O. Thomas, 1913|pusillum O. Thomas, 1920	NA	NA	Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Afghanistan|Pakistan|India?	Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	sciname match	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19602	Rhinopoma muscatellum	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOPOMATIDAE	Rhinopoma	muscatellum	Thomas, 1903	Earlier the taxa muscatellum Thomas, 1903 and seianum Thomas, 1913 were treated as subspecies of Rhinopoma hardwickii Gray, 1831 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951). Individuals from Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan are considered as R. muscatellum seianum based on morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Benda et al. 2012). The nominotypic subspecies is now restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (Benda and Gaisler 2015).	20000000	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Confirmed as Least Concern because, although it is seldom recorded, it has a relatively wide but patchy distribution, is tolerant to dry habitats, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	This species is known to roost in caves, caverns and old and disused buildings (Harrison and Bates, 1991, Benda and Gaisler 2015). It roosts as single individuals, or in groups of up to several hundred individuals (Harrison and Bates 1991, Bates and Harrison 1997). In Iran, the species has been recorded from arid and semi arid areas in the littoral area of the Persian Gulf. In parts of Iran it is found in wheat fields and similar arable areas where it feeds on beetles (Coleopterans) (M. Sharifi pers. comm. 2008).	The threats to this species are poorly known, but presumably include some localised disturbance of roosting sites.	In Iran, it is generally uncommon to rare (Sharifi et al. 2000). There is little information on the abundance of this species on the Arabian Peninsula, and in South Asia the abundance, population size and trends for this species are not known except that it is rare in occurrence (Benda and Gaisler 2015).	Unknown	This species ranges from the southeastern Arabian Peninsula to western South Asia. It has been recorded from a number of localities in Oman, from the United Arab Emirates, and presumably occurs in much of southern Iran. In South Asia, this species is known from Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar, Nimruz and Helmand provinces (Benda and Gaisler 2015)) and Pakistan (Baluchistan (Benda et al. 2012, Van Cakenberghe and De Vree 1994, Kock and Felten 1980)).		Terrestrial	It is not known if the species is present within any protected areas. Further studies are needed into the distribution, abundance, and natural history of this species.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinopomatidae	Rhinopoma		muscatellum	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 498	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	 pusillum Thomas, 1920; <b>seianum</b> Thomas, 1913.	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha	United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, SW Iran, S Afghanistan, W Pakistan, SW India	Not listed.	Least Concern	Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi ; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).	Rhinopoma muscatellum	1004775	23	Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinopomatidae	NA	NA	Rhinopoma	NA	muscatellum	O. Thomas	1903	0	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	Thomas, O. (1903). On the species of the genus Rhinopoma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 11, 498.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63777#page/532/mode/1up	BM 1894.3.9.17		"Wadi Bani Ruha," Muscat, Arabia (Oman).			muscatellum O. Thomas, 1903|seianum O. Thomas, 1913|pusillum O. Thomas, 1920	NA	NA				Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Afghanistan|Pakistan|India?	Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	sciname match	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	1004775	23	Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinopomatidae	NA	NA	Rhinopoma	NA	muscatellum	O. Thomas	0	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Thomas, O. 1903-05-01. On the species of the genus _Rhinopoma_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)11(65):496-499.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19368049	BMNH:Mamm:1894.3.9.17	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/ad001f44-8b66-4cfb-930e-89f5714d4263	"Wadi Bani Ruha," Muscat, Arabia (Oman).			NA	NA				Oman|United Arab Emirates|Iran|Afghanistan|Pakistan|India?	Asia	Afrotropic|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	sciname match	Rhinopoma_muscatellum	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinopomatidae	Rhinopoma		muscatellum	Thomas	1903	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 7, 11: 498	Small Mouse-tailed Bat	pusillum Thomas, 1920; seianum Thomas, 1913.	Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha	United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, SW Iran, S Afghanistan, W Pakistan, SW India	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19602/21997131/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Iranian muscatellum belong to the seianum subspecies; see Akmali et al., 2017) and Kafaei et al. (2020). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; Rhinopoma muscatellum; muscatellum; seianum; pusillum; muscatellum; secanum; seianum; pusillum; muscatellum; seianum; pusillum; Rhinopome de Muscat; Muscat-Mausschwanzfledermaus; Rhinopoma de Mascate; Small Mouse-tailed Bat; Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat; Small Mouse-tailed Bat; Small Mouse-tailed Bat; Small Mouse-tailed Bat; R. muscatellum