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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1465	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis		[HMW] Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin et al, 2009 , “ Wumulong , Yongde County , Yunnan Province , China 24°22’N , 99°39’ E 1980 m above sea level.” Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is the only representative of the xinanzhongguoensis species group. Noseleaf morphology aligns it with the landeri group, but its larger size and genetic evidence differentiate it as a distinct clade. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is nested in the Afro-Palearctic clade of species groups, including the ferrumequinum , fumigatus , maclaudi , euryale , capensis , and landeri groups. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis seems to be sister to a clade including the maclaudi , and fumigatus groups, although exact phylogenetic relationship between these species groups is still uncertain. Monotypic .; [MDD2022] recently described; [IUCN] <span lang="EN-US">Morphological analyses cannot convincingly ascribe this species to the groups in Csorba et al . (2003). However, systematic study based on morphological and molecular data aligns it with a monophyletic Afro-Palearctic lineage identified by Guillén-Servent et al . (2003).<span lang="EN-US"> </span>; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described														xinanzhongguoensis	<span lang="EN-US">Morphological analyses cannot convincingly ascribe this species to the groups in Csorba et al . (2003). However, systematic study based on morphological and molecular data aligns it with a monophyletic Afro-Palearctic lineage identified by Guillén-Servent et al . (2003).<span lang="EN-US"> </span>			xinanzhongguoensis	xinanzhongguoensis			xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong, 2009						N/A																																								NA																											885887A2FFFB8A1DF8ADF9BBF2A5CB71	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	300	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFDA8A3CFF0AF009F2FDD369.xml	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou	2009	Chinese Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe du Xi Nan Zhongguo @fr | China-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura china @es | South-western China Horseshoe Bat @en | Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin et al, 2009 , “ Wumulong , Yongde County , Yunnan Province , China 24°22’N , 99°39’ E 1980 m above sea level.” Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is the only representative of the xinanzhongguoensis species group. Noseleaf morphology aligns it with the landeri group, but its larger size and genetic evidence differentiate it as a distinct clade. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is nested in the Afro-Palearctic clade of species groups, including the ferrumequinum , fumigatus , maclaudi , euryale , capensis , and landeri groups. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis seems to be sister to a clade including the maclaudi , and fumigatus groups, although exact phylogenetic relationship between these species groups is still uncertain. Monotypic .	Known only from a few localities in Yunnan (Yongde) and Guizhou (Jinsha, Suiyang, and Guiyang) provinces in S China .	Head—body 59—70 mm , tail 30-39 mm , ear 21—22 mm , forearm 58-7-60- 4 mm ; weight 20-26 g . Dorsal pelage is dull medium brown (hairs have light brown bases and medium brown tips); venter is paler brown (hairs have darker bases). There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are small (34-9—37-5% of forearm length) and semi-translucent brown. Noseleaf has hastate lancet that tapers with concave sides to pointed tip; connecting process is high and pointed, with anterior surface concave in profile and slightly convex posterior surface; sella is parallel-sided near base and slightly concave medially, gradually narrowing distally to wedge-shaped, rounded tip; and horseshoe is relatively narrow at 8-9-9- 5 mm wide, does not cover entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and shallow median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Baculum has large basal cone, subequal in height and width, and slightly compressed dorso-ventrally; basal cone is deeply notched in ventral and dorsal margins (less in dorsal margin); and shaft is straight and cylindrical toward rounded tip. Skull is moderately robust but slender, with zygomatic width slightly less than mastoid width; nasal swellings are high and conspicuous, rising slightly forward; sagittal crest is low but distinct; frontal depression is moderately deep but conspicuous; and supraorbital crests are poorly developed. P2 is small and displaced labially from tooth row; C1 and P4 are still separated; and P3 is very tiny and slightly displaced labially and separates P2 and P.	Subtropical lower montane mixed forests with karst formations at elevations of 1500 - 1980 m .	No information.	A female Chinese Horseshoe Bat with one embryo was captured in April.	Chinese Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal.	Holotype of the Chinese Horseshoe Bat was captured in a cave with c .100 other bats, most ofwhich seemed to be Intermediate Horseshoe Bats ( R affinis ).	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN ed List. The Chinese Horseshoe Bat is currently known from only eight specimens collected over 50 years from four spread-out localities. It is threatened by deforestation from logging and agriculture and cave tourism. Its distribution is highly fragmented with agricultural landscapes.	Benda & Vallo (2012) | Zhou Zhaomin & Jiang Xuelong (2017) | Zhou Zhaomin et al. (2009)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749988/files/figure.png	41 . Chinese Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis French: Rhinolophe du Xi Nan Zhongguo I German: China-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura china Other common names: South-western China Horseshoe Bat, Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin et al, 2009 , “ Wumulong , Yongde County , Yunnan Province , China 24°22’N , 99°39’ E 1980 m above sea level.” Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is the only representative of the xinanzhongguoensis species group. Noseleaf morphology aligns it with the landeri group, but its larger size and genetic evidence differentiate it as a distinct clade. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis is nested in the Afro-Palearctic clade of species groups, including the ferrumequinum , fumigatus , maclaudi , euryale , capensis , and landeri groups. Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis seems to be sister to a clade including the maclaudi , and fumigatus groups, although exact phylogenetic relationship between these species groups is still uncertain. Monotypic . Distribution. Known only from a few localities in Yunnan (Yongde) and Guizhou (Jinsha, Suiyang, and Guiyang) provinces in S China . Descriptive notes. Head—body 59—70 mm , tail 30-39 mm , ear 21—22 mm , forearm 58-7-60- 4 mm ; weight 20-26 g . Dorsal pelage is dull medium brown (hairs have light brown bases and medium brown tips); venter is paler brown (hairs have darker bases). There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are small (34-9—37-5% of forearm length) and semi-translucent brown. Noseleaf has hastate lancet that tapers with concave sides to pointed tip; connecting process is high and pointed, with anterior surface concave in profile and slightly convex posterior surface; sella is parallel-sided near base and slightly concave medially, gradually narrowing distally to wedge-shaped, rounded tip; and horseshoe is relatively narrow at 8-9-9- 5 mm wide, does not cover entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and shallow median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown. Baculum has large basal cone, subequal in height and width, and slightly compressed dorso-ventrally; basal cone is deeply notched in ventral and dorsal margins (less in dorsal margin); and shaft is straight and cylindrical toward rounded tip. Skull is moderately robust but slender, with zygomatic width slightly less than mastoid width; nasal swellings are high and conspicuous, rising slightly forward; sagittal crest is low but distinct; frontal depression is moderately deep but conspicuous; and supraorbital crests are poorly developed. P2 is small and displaced labially from tooth row; C1 and P4 are still separated; and P3 is very tiny and slightly displaced labially and separates P2 and P. Habitat. Subtropical lower montane mixed forests with karst formations at elevations of 1500 - 1980 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. A female Chinese Horseshoe Bat with one embryo was captured in April. Activity patterns. Chinese Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Holotype of the Chinese Horseshoe Bat was captured in a cave with c .100 other bats, most ofwhich seemed to be Intermediate Horseshoe Bats ( R affinis ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN ed List. The Chinese Horseshoe Bat is currently known from only eight specimens collected over 50 years from four spread-out localities. It is threatened by deforestation from logging and agriculture and cave tourism. Its distribution is highly fragmented with agricultural landscapes. Bibliography. Benda & Vallo (2012), Zhou Zhaomin & Jiang Xuelong (2017), Zhou Zhaomin et al. (2009).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Rhinolophus		xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Guill&eacute;n-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang	2009	0	J. Mammal.	90(1): 64	Southwestern-Chinese Horseshoe Bat	None.			Not listed.	Near Threatened		Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	23	Chinese Horseshoe Bat	South-western China Horseshoe Bat|Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong	2009	0	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Z. M., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B. K., Eger, J. L., Wang, Y. X., & Jiang, X. L. (2009). A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 64.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/90/1/57/854738	KIZ 0505003		"Wumulong, Yongde County, Yunnan Province, China 24°22'N, 99°39'E 1980 m above sea level."	24.367	99.65	xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong, 2009	recently described	Zhou, Z. M., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B. K., Eger, J. L., Wang, Y. X., & Jiang, X. L. (2009). A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 57-73.	China	Asia	Palearctic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	80000000	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang &; Jiang, 2009	<span lang="EN-US">Morphological analyses cannot convincingly ascribe this species to the groups in Csorba et al . (2003). However, systematic study based on morphological and molecular data aligns it with a monophyletic Afro-Palearctic lineage identified by Guillén-Servent et al . (2003).<span lang="EN-US"> </span>	80000000	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Near Threatened	B1ab(iii)	2017	2016-05-17 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This very rare bat has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 26,865 km², occurs in only three locations, is severely fragmented, and is experiencing a decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. Therefore it is listed as Near Threatened approaching Vulnerable (VU) under criteria B1ab(iii).	<span lang="EN-US">All three areas where this species has been recorded are located in the seasonal and mesic subtropical monsoon climate belt, which possess a large elevational gradient ranging from about 500 m to 3,500 m asl. Record localities are comprised between 500 m to 1,800-1,900 m asl.	<span lang="EN-US">This species is under threat due to loss of habitat as a result of cave development for tourism and deforestation for logging and agriculture.	<span lang="EN-US">Although Yunnan and Guizhou are relatively well represented by records of Rhinolophus specimens, it is known from only five specimens collected over a 45 years span.	Decreasing	<p><span lang="EN-US">This<span lang="EN-US"> species is known only from Yunnan and Guizhou Province in China (Zhou et al . 2009). The elevations of two localities are at 1,500 m and 1,980 m Asl. All three localities are in mountainous regions. The type locality of R. xinanzhongguoensis is Wumulong, Yongde County, Yunnan Province, China.</span></p>		Terrestrial	<span lang="EN-US">Immediate study is needed to ascertain its geographic range and population size to assess potential conservation concerns.	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Guill&eacute;n-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang	2009	0	J. Mammal.	90(1): 64	Southwestern-Chinese Horseshoe Bat	None.			Not listed.	Near Threatened		Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	1004758	23	Chinese Horseshoe Bat	South-western China Horseshoe Bat|Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong	2009	0	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Z. M., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B. K., Eger, J. L., Wang, Y. X., & Jiang, X. L. (2009). A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 64.	https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/90/1/57/854738	KIZ 0505003		"Wumulong, Yongde County, Yunnan Province, China 24°22'N, 99°39'E 1980 m above sea level."	24.36667	99.65	xinanzhongguoensis Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong, 2009	recently described	Zhou, Z. M., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B. K., Eger, J. L., Wang, Y. X., & Jiang, X. L. (2009). A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 57-73.				China	Asia	Palearctic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	1004758	23	Chinese Horseshoe Bat	Southwestern China Horseshoe Bat|Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou Zhaomin, Guillén-Servent, B. K. Lim, Eger, Wang Yingxiang, & Jiang Xuelong	0	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Z.-m., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B.K., Eger, J.L., Wang, Y.-x. and Jiang, X.-l. 2009-02. A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (_Rhinolophus_). Journal of Mammalogy 90(1):57-73.	https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-048.1	KIZ 0505003	holotype		"Wumulong, Yongde County, Yunnan Province, China 24°22'N, 99°39'E 1980 m above sea level."	24.36667	99.65	recently described	Zhou, Z. M., Guillén-Servent, A., Lim, B. K., Eger, J. L., Wang, Y. X., & Jiang, X. L. (2009). A new species from southwestern China in the Afro-Palearctic lineage of the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Journal of Mammalogy, 90(1), 57-73.				China	Asia	Palearctic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_xinanzhongguoensis	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		xinanzhongguoensis	Zhou, Guill&eacute;n-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang & Jiang	2009	0	J. Mammal.	90(1): 64	Southwestern-Chinese Horseshoe Bat	None.			<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/82348701/82349975/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>			Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis; Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis; Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis; Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis; Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis; xinanzhongguoensis; Chinese Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe du Xi Nan Zhongguo; China-Hufeisennase; Herradura china; South-western China Horseshoe Bat; Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat; Chinese Horseshoe Bat; South-western China Horseshoe Bat; Wedge-sella Horseshoe Bat; Southwestern-Chinese Horseshoe Bat; R. xinanzhongguoensis