http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1461	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus		[MSW2] Includes edax, see Tate (1943:3); but also see Chasen (1940:40, 41).; [MSW3] trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).; [HMW] Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 , Bantam , Westjava , Indonesia . Rhinolophus trifoliatus is placed in the trifoliatus species group. It appears to be close to R.sedulus . Four subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022]  trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).; [IUCN] This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Earlier included Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023]  trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).; [batnames2025_1.7] trifoliatusspecies group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).						edax, niasensis, solitarius.	edax, trifoliatus, niasensis, solitarius	trifoliatus, edax, niasensis, solitarius		trifoliatus, edax, niasensis, solitarius		trifoliatus, edax, niasensis, solitarius		trifoliatus, solitarius, niasensis, edax	This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Earlier included Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005).	trifoliatus, edax, niasensis, solitarius		trifoliatus, solitarius, niasensis, edax	trifoliatus, solitarius, niasensis, edax	edax, niasensis, solitarius, trifoliatus 		trifoliatus Temminck, 1834|solitarius Andersen, 1905|niasensis Andersen, 1906|edax Andersen, 1918		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Trefoil horseshoe bat	N India – Java, Borneo	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Indonesia, Java.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:24.	Distribution: Known from northeastern India, Thailand through the Malay peninsula and Sumatra to Java and Borneo.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Trefoil horseshoe bat	N India – Java, Borneo	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:24.	Includes edax, see Tate (1943:3); but also see Chasen (1940:40, 41).	Malay Peninsula, SW Thailand, Burma, NE India, Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl.	Indonesia, Java.		TEMMINCK	1834	Zygomatic width greater than mastoid width. Upper incisors minute and widely separated. Sella high and cuneate with expanded lappets at its base; internarial lobes at base small, less distinctly cup-shaped. Third metacarpal shortened, first phalanx lengthened. Size medium (forearm length, 46-55 mm).	Distribution: Known from northeastern India, Thailand through the Malay peninsula and Sumatra to Java and Borneo.	Four subspecies are here recognized:	R. t. edax (mainland range), R. t. trifoliatus (Sumatra, Java, Borneo), R. t. niasensis (Nias island, west of Sumatra), R. t. solitarius (Banka island, east of Sumatra).	58	species	R. trifoliatus	TEMMINCK	1834	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus trifoliatus				Zygomatic width greater than mastoid width. Upper incisors minute and widely separated. Sella high and cuneate with expanded lappets at its base; internarial lobes at base small, less distinctly cup-shaped. Third metacarpal shortened, first phalanx lengthened. Size medium (forearm length, 46-55 mm).	Four subspecies are here recognized:		50. R. trifoliatus TEMMINCK 1834 [luctus group].	50	_R. t. edax_ Andersen, 1918; _R. t. niasensis_ Andersen, 1906; _R. t. solitarius_ Andersen, 1905; _R. t. trifoliatus_ Temminck, 1834			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus		trifoliatus	Temminck		1834		Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1		24		Trefoil Horseshoe Bat	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam.	NE India, SW Thailand, and Burma; Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah (Malaysia); Singapore; Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	edax K. Andersen, 1918; niasensis K. Andersen, 1906; solitarius K. Andersen, 1905.	trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	885887A2FFD38A34F883F524F891DC55	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	328	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFFE8A18F8B4FCA2F30BD6BB.xml	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	Rhinolopheà trèfle @fr | Kleeblatt-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de trébol @es	Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 , Bantam , Westjava , Indonesia . Rhinolophus trifoliatus is placed in the trifoliatus species group. It appears to be close to R.sedulus . Four subspecies are recognized.	R. t. trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 — Sumatra , Belitung I, Borneo, WJava, and Banta I. R. t. edax K. Andersen, 1918 - NE India (two records in West Bengal and Assam ), S China (one record in Guizhou ), S Myanmar, C & S Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , and Singapore . R. t. niasensis K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. t. solitarius K Andersen, 1905 - Bangka I.	Head—body 514- 65 mm , tail 25- 5—38 mm , ear 21- 8—28 mm , hindfoot 8—13 mm , forearm 45—57 mm ; weight 10-20 g . Fur is long and woolly; dorsal and ventral pelage is pale buffy brown to brownish gray, appearing almost grayish white in some individuals. Ears are moderately long and yellow or yellowish brown, at base or up to tip. Noseleaf is yellow or yellowish brown, with a long lancet that is slightly emarginateti below the tip; connecting process is low and rounded; sella is narrow and has large circular lateral lappets at base; horseshoe is relatively wide (10-5—12- 4 mm ) and has a moderate median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is heavy and robust ( zygomatic width is much wider than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are relatively well inflated but do not reach anteriorly to border ofnasal orifice; posterior swellings are reduced; frontal depression is deep to very deep and narrow; supraorbital crests are high with sharp ridges; sagittal crest is very high anteriorly but flattens posteriorly. C1 is massive and short; P2 is small to medium-sized, and within tooth row or occasionally slighdy extruded from it; C1 and P4 are separated; P is small to minute, and extruded to variable extent from tooth row, or sometimes absent; P2 and P4 vary from being in contact to well separated, depending on the position or absence of the P3. Dental formula is typical of 32 teeth or 30 when lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 60 (Peninsular Malaysia ).	Typically found in primary and secondary tropical moist forest, generally in lowland areas. Known from dense evergreen forests in southern Myanmar , and can be found in most forest types in Borneo, including mangroves, and is common in heath forest. In Singapore , the species was acoustically recorded only from primary forest, although a female was found roosting in secondary forest Recorded from sea level up to 1800 m .	Trefoil Horseshoe Bats appear to hunt insects by fly-catching. The low wing loading and aspect ratio of the wings indicate that the species is a slow but maneuverable flier.	The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat is thought to breed once a year, although it may breed at any time of the year. In Krau, Peninsular Malaysia , the species apparently breeds year-round, but most births occur early in the year.	The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat roosts under leaves, commonly palm leaves, in the forest understory. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with a peak F frequency of 53-1 kHz and duration of 44-5 milliseconds recorded in Singapore , 50—53-5 kHz from peninsular Thailand , and 53 kHz from Peninsular Malaysia .	Trefoil Horseshoe Bats roost singly, and are thought to be solitary .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNed List. The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat appears to be common where favorable habitat exists. The species is threatened by deforestation resulting from logging and agricultural expansion. Tourism-related activities are also thought to be a significant threat to the species.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Csorba et al. (2003) | rancis (2008 a) | Hutson, Kingston , rancis , Molur & Srinivasulu (2008) | Kingston (2013) | Kingston, rancis et al. (2003) | Kingston , Jones et al. (2000) | Kingston , Lim & Zubaid (2006) | Lane et al. (2006) | Molur et al. (2002) | Phillipps & Phillipps (2016) | Pottie et al. (2005) | Sinha (1973) | Smith & XieYan (2008) | Soisook, Niyomwan et al. (2010) | Soisook, Struebig et al. (2015) | Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012) | Tingga et al. (2012) | Volleth et al. (2015) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750108/files/figure.png	98 . Trefoil Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus trifoliatus French: Rhinolophe à trèfle / German: Kleeblatt-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de trébol Taxonomy. Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 , Bantam , Westjava , Indonesia . Rhinolophus trifoliatus is placed in the trifoliatus species group. It appears to be close to R.sedulus . Four subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R. t. trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 — Sumatra , Belitung I, Borneo, WJava, and Banta I. R. t. edax K. Andersen, 1918 - NE India (two records in West Bengal and Assam ), S China (one record in Guizhou ), S Myanmar, C & S Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , and Singapore . R. t. niasensis K. Andersen, 1906 — Nias I. R. t. solitarius K Andersen, 1905 - Bangka I. Descriptive notes. Head—body 514- 65 mm , tail 25- 5—38 mm , ear 21- 8—28 mm , hindfoot 8—13 mm , forearm 45—57 mm ; weight 10-20 g . Fur is long and woolly; dorsal and ventral pelage is pale buffy brown to brownish gray, appearing almost grayish white in some individuals. Ears are moderately long and yellow or yellowish brown, at base or up to tip. Noseleaf is yellow or yellowish brown, with a long lancet that is slightly emarginateti below the tip; connecting process is low and rounded; sella is narrow and has large circular lateral lappets at base; horseshoe is relatively wide (10-5—12- 4 mm ) and has a moderate median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Skull is heavy and robust ( zygomatic width is much wider than mastoid width); anterior median swellings are relatively well inflated but do not reach anteriorly to border ofnasal orifice; posterior swellings are reduced; frontal depression is deep to very deep and narrow; supraorbital crests are high with sharp ridges; sagittal crest is very high anteriorly but flattens posteriorly. C1 is massive and short; P2 is small to medium-sized, and within tooth row or occasionally slighdy extruded from it; C1 and P4 are separated; P is small to minute, and extruded to variable extent from tooth row, or sometimes absent; P2 and P4 vary from being in contact to well separated, depending on the position or absence of the P3. Dental formula is typical of 32 teeth or 30 when lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 60 (Peninsular Malaysia ). Habitat. Typically found in primary and secondary tropical moist forest, generally in lowland areas. Known from dense evergreen forests in southern Myanmar , and can be found in most forest types in Borneo, including mangroves, and is common in heath forest. In Singapore , the species was acoustically recorded only from primary forest, although a female was found roosting in secondary forest Recorded from sea level up to 1800 m . Food and Feeding. Trefoil Horseshoe Bats appear to hunt insects by fly-catching. The low wing loading and aspect ratio of the wings indicate that the species is a slow but maneuverable flier. Breeding. The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat is thought to breed once a year, although it may breed at any time of the year. In Krau, Peninsular Malaysia , the species apparently breeds year-round, but most births occur early in the year. Activity patterns. The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat roosts under leaves, commonly palm leaves, in the forest understory. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with a peak F frequency of 53-1 kHz and duration of 44-5 milliseconds recorded in Singapore , 50—53-5 kHz from peninsular Thailand , and 53 kHz from Peninsular Malaysia . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Trefoil Horseshoe Bats roost singly, and are thought to be solitary . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNed List. The Trefoil Horseshoe Bat appears to be common where favorable habitat exists. The species is threatened by deforestation resulting from logging and agricultural expansion. Tourism-related activities are also thought to be a significant threat to the species. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Csorba eta/. (2003), rancis (2008 a ), Hutson, Kingston , rancis , Molur & Srinivasulu (2008), Kingston (2013), Kingston, rancis et al. (2003), Kingston , Jones et al. (2000), Kingston , Lim & Zubaid (2006), Lane et al. (2006), Molur et al. (2002), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Pottie et al. (2005), Sinha (1973), Smith & XieYan (2008), Soisook, Niyomwan et al. (2010), Soisook, Struebig et al. (2015), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012), Tingga et al. (2012), Volleth et al. (2015), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Rhinolophus		trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:24	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat	<b> edax </b>K. Andersen, 1918;<b> niasensis </b>K. Andersen, 1906; <b> solitarius </b>K. Andersen, 1905.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam.	NE India, SW Thailand, and Burma; Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah (Malaysia); Singapore; Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	23	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	0	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	Temminck, C. J. (1834). Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, Bladneus Genaamd. (Rhinolophus Geoff., Cuv., Illig., Dem.; Vespertilio Linn., Erxleb.; Noctilio Kuhl). Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis, 1, 24.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48142#page/46/mode/1up	ZMB 3280 [syntype]		Bantam, West Java, Indonesia.			trifoliatus Temminck, 1834|solitarius K. Andersen, 1905|niasensis K. Andersen, 1906|edax K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA	India|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19574	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	trifoliatus	Temminck, 1834	This species belongs to trifoliatus species group. Earlier included Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now considered distinct (Bates and Harrison 1997, Simmons 2005).	20000000	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Near Threatened	A4c	2020	2019-04-07 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Rhinolophus trifoliatus ;is listed as ;Near Threatened as its global population is suspected to have declined by 25-30% over the past 15 years (two generations) and will continue to decline over the next 7.5 years (three generations total; generation length = 7.5 years, Pacifici et al. 2013). The species is declining due to continuing threats from forest loss. Extinction of some local populations is expected across its distribution range. This makes it close to qualifying as threatened under criterion A4c.	In Southeast Asia, it has been recorded from various forest types, including lowland primary and secondary tropical moist forest, mountane and hill forest (Kingston et al. 2003; Leong and Lim 2009; Strubig et al. 2008, 2013; Joann et al. 2011; Lim et al. 2014), as well as mixed coffee farms adjacent to large forests (Huang et al. 2014). Animals roost singly under leaves or palm leaves in the forest understory (Kingston et al. 2006). In South Asia, little is known about the habitat or ecology of this species except that it is found in dense evergreen forests (Molur et al. 2002). Two pregnancies peaks were observed in a Malaysia’s population in a lowland dipterocarp forest in January-March and September-October (Sharifah and Nurul-Ain 2018).	This species is threatened over much of its range by deforestation and fragmentation of forests (Molur et al. 2002; Struebig et al. 2009, 2011), generally resulting from logging operations (Streubig et al. 2013) and the conversion of land to agricultural use (Phommexay et al. 2011). The species has conspicuous coloration, and might be used for ornament.	Although the global population is still considered to be relatively common (but not abundant) in intact forest habitats, the species is in decline due to continuing threats from forest loss.	Decreasing	This species is widely distributed in the Sunda region in Southeast Asia, with additional records from South Asia and China. In Southeast Asia, it has been recorded from southern Myanmar and Thailand (Soisook et al. 2010), into Peninsular Malaysia, and from here into Indonesia (including the Mentawi Islands [Nias], Sumatra, Bangka, Billiton, Java and Banta), ranging to the island of Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia). In South Asia, it is presently known from Assam and West Bengal in India, recorded up to an elevation of 1,800 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). In China, it is known only from a single specimen recorded from Guizhou (Jinsha) (Smith and Xie 2013). Recent studies also confirm the presence of the species in Singapore (Pottie et al. 2005, Lim et al. 2016) and extend its distribution in Sumatra to the the very southern tip of the island (Huang et al. 2014).	This species has a colourful pelage and may be used as an ornament.	Terrestrial	It has been recorded from a number of protected areas in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. In Malaysia, it is listed as protected in the Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak but Sabah (Faisal A.A.K., pers. comm.). In Singapore, it is protected under the Wild Animals and Birds Act (Lee, B.P.Y.-H. pers. comm.) and found in the Central Catchement Nature Reserve and also on an offshore island, Pulau Tekong (Leong and Lim 2009). In Thailand, it is protected under the Wildlife Preservation and Protection Act. In China, it is listed as Endangered (EN) (Smith and Xie 2013), mostly likely due to the rarity in the country. It is not protected in Indonesia and Myanmar. In South Asia, there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species (Molur et al. 2002). Survey, ecological and population monitoring are recommended for the species.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:24	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat	<b> edax </b>K. Andersen, 1918;<b> niasensis </b>K. Andersen, 1906; <b> solitarius </b>K. Andersen, 1905.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam.	NE India, SW Thailand, and Burma; Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah (Malaysia); Singapore; Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	1004755	23	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	0	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	Temminck, C. J. (1834). Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, Bladneus Genaamd. (Rhinolophus Geoff., Cuv., Illig., Dem.; Vespertilio Linn., Erxleb.; Noctilio Kuhl). Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis, 1, 24.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48142#page/46/mode/1up	ZMB 3280 [syntype]		Bantam, West Java, Indonesia.			trifoliatus Temminck, 1834|solitarius K. Andersen, 1905|niasensis K. Andersen, 1906|edax K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA				India|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	1004755	23	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	trifoliatus	Temminck	0	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Temminck, C.J. 1834. Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, _Bladneus_ genaamd. (_Rhinolophus_ Geoff., Cuv., Illig, Desm.; _Vespertilio_ Linn., Erxleb.; _Noctilio_ Kuhl). Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 1:1-30.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13473238	RMNH.MAM.35194, ZMB 3280	syntypes	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35194.a | https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35194.b	Bantam, West Java, Indonesia.			NA	NA				India|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_trifoliatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		trifoliatus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:24	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat	edax K. Andersen, 1918; niasensis K. Andersen, 1906; solitarius K. Andersen, 1905.	Indonesia, W Java, Bantam.	NE India, SW Thailand, and Burma; Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah (Malaysia); Singapore; Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19574/21990821/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	trifoliatusspecies group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison(1997).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus trifoliatus; Rhinolophus trifoliatus; Rhinolophus trifoliatus; Rhinolophus trifoliatus; Rhinolophus trifoliatus; Rhinolophus trifoliatus; trifoliatus; edax; niasensis; solitarius; trifoliatus; edax; niasensis; solitarius; edax; niasensis; solitarius; trifoliatus; solitarius; niasensis; edax; Rhinolopheà trèfle; Kleeblatt-Hufeisennase; Herradura de trébol; Trefoil Horseshoe Bat; Trefoil Horseshoe Bat; Trefoil Horseshoe Bat; R. trifoliatus