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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L147	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma trinitatum		[MSW2] Includes gorgasi; see Jones and Carter (1976:25).; [MSW3] Includes gorgasi; see Jones and Carter (1976).; [HMW] Chiroderma trinitatus [sic] G. G. Goodwin, 1958 , “Cumaca, Trinidad , British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 mj.” Revision using modern techniques might change the status of subspecies. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Does not include gorgasi ; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).; [MDD2022] previously included C. gorgasi; [IUCN] Includes gorgasi .; [batnames2023] Does not include gorgasi ; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).; [MDD2023] previously included C. gorgasi; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included C. gorgasi; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include gorgasi; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included C. gorgasi				gorgasi		gorgasi.			gorgasi	trinitatum, gorgasi				trinitatum	Includes gorgasi .			trinitatum 	trinitatum 			trinitatum G. G. Goodwin, 1958		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Panama, E Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Trinidad	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Chiroderma trinitatum	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1000 ft. (305 m).	Goodwin	1958	Am. Mus. Novit., 1877:1.	Distribution: Occurring in Panama and in South America east of the Andes to Bolivia and the mouth of the Amazon, including Trinidad.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Goodwin's bat	Panama, E Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Trinidad, Tobago	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Goodwin	1958	Am. Mus. Novit., 1877:1.	Includes gorgasi; see Jones and Carter (1976:25).	Panama to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1,000 ft. (305 m).		GOODWIN	1958	Size relatively small (forearm length, 37-42 mm; condylobasal length, 19-20 mm). Anterior lower premolar relatively large with anterior cusp well developed. Inner upper incisors bluntly pointed, in contact except at tips. Dorsal and facial stripes prominent.	Distribution: Occurring in Panama and in South America east of the Andes to Bolivia and the mouth of the Amazon, including Trinidad.	No subspecies.		89	species	C. trinitatum	GOODWIN	1958	Chiroderma	genus	Chiroderma trinitatum				Size relatively small (forearm length, 37-42 mm; condylobasal length, 19-20 mm). Anterior lower premolar relatively large with anterior cusp well developed. Inner upper incisors bluntly pointed, in contact except at tips. Dorsal and facial stripes prominent.	No subspecies.		1. C. trinitatum GOODWIN 1958.	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma		trinitatum	Goodwin		1958		Am. Mus. Novit.	1877		1		Little Big-eyed Bat	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1,000 ft. (305 m).	Panama south to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	gorgasi Handley, 1960.	Includes gorgasi; see Jones and Carter (1976).	03A687BCFFF4FFF413BAF62EF795FA18	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	553	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFFF4FFF413BAF62EF795FA18.xml	Chiroderma trinitatum	Phyllostomidae	Chiroderma	trinitatum	G. G. Goodwin	1958	Chiroderme orné @fr | Kleine Gro Raugenfledermaus @de | Quirodermopequeno @es	Chiroderma trinitatus [sic] G. G. Goodwin, 1958 , “Cumaca, Trinidad , British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 mj.” Revision using modern techniques might change the status of subspecies. Two subspecies recognized.	C.t.trinitatumG.G.Goodwin,1958—EColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Amazonianand:CBrazil,EEcuador,EPern,andBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI. C. t. gorgasi Handley, 1960 — Costa Rica , Panama , W Colombia , and NW Ecuador .	Head—body 50-64 mm (tailless), ear 13-18 mm, hindfoot 8-13 mm, forearm 36-7-42-9 mm; weight 11-18 g. Dorsal fur of the Little Big-eyed Bat is brownish, but a completely white individual was recorded in Peru . Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with brown bases, buff middles, and brown distal tips. Prominent white median dorsal stripe extends from interscapular region to rump. Head has prominent supraocular and subocular stripes of entirely white hairs. Rostrum is relatively short. Ears are brownish, with yellowish bases and yellowish margins. Tragusis yellowish and ¢.25% of ear length. Noseleaf is simple, unnotched at tip, and brown, with yellowish margins on horseshoe and base of spear. Underparts are grayish. Wing membranes are blackish except for translucent area between second and third fingers. Uropatagium is hairy and well developed, with notch nearlevel of knees. Proximal two-thirds of forearm is hairy. Tail is absent. Skull has moderately deep notch on nasal region that does not reach interorbital region. Postorbital processes are well developed. Palate is relatively broad, without median post-palatal process. Sagittal crest is inconspicuous. I' are bluntly pointed, convergent, and in contact at tips. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes. P,is tall, and crown is ¢.66% height of P,. M, is massive and longer than M, and has five well-defined cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 483, with nine pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and three pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric.	Humid tropical forests from near sea level to elevations of ¢. 1000 m (more common in lowlands). The Little Big-eyed Bat occurs in the entire Amazonian rainforest, including more dry transitional areas in Brazil ( Mato Grosso ) and Bolivia ( Beni , Santa Cruz ). It occurs in the humid Choc6é in western foothills of the Andes and in evergreen forests in Central America ( Costa Rica and Panama ).	In Panama , 60% of the diet of the Little Big-eyed Bat was Ficus ( Moraceae ); Ficus popenoei was the most important species. Seeds of Ficus were also reported in diets in the Brazilian Amazon.It eats fruits of Piper elongatum ( Piperaceae ), Vismia ( Hypericaceae ), and Solanum riparium ( Solanaceae ) in Bolivia and Cecropia obtusifolia ( Urticaceae ) in Colombia . In the Peruvian Amazon, it visits mineral licks to drink accumulated mineral-rich water; it was more common at undisturbed mineral licks than human-disturbed ones.	In Central America, pregnant Little Big-eyed Bats were captured in February and May. In South America, pregnant females were caught in February-March and July (Amazonia of Colombia and Venezuela ), March ( Trinidad ), and June-July ( Colombia and Brazil ). One young is born per pregnancy.	The Little Big-eyed Bat is more common in canopies than lower forest strata. In Brazil and French Guiana, more than 80% of captures were made in the canopy. In French Guiana, individuals were captured in nets set 17 -20m high. On Trinidad Island , a single individual was caught in a well-lit cave that was also occupied by a Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ). Echolocation calls recorded in Trinidad are characterized by short (1-4 milliseconds) FM multiharmonic call, with peak frequency of 96-9 kHz.	No information.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Little Big-eyed Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in several protected areas and relatively undisturbed forests of the Amazon Basin.	Bonaccorso (1979) | Brosset et al. (2001) | Davis et al. (1964) | Delaval et al. (2005) | Garbino et al. (2012) | Gardner (2008b) | Ghanem & Voigt (2014) | Goodwin (1958a) | Goodwin & Greenhall (1961) | Handley (1960) | Jones, Smith & Turner (1971) | Kalko & Handley (2001) | Linares & Moreno-Mosquera (2010) | Loayza et al. (2006) | Pio et al. (2010) | Simmons & Voss (1998) | Tello et al. (2014)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458892/files/figure.png	144. Little Big-eyed Bat Chiroderma trinitatum French: Chiroderme orné / German: Kleine GroRaugenfledermaus / Spanish: Quirodermo pequeno Taxonomy. Chiroderma trinitatus [sic] G. G. Goodwin, 1958 , “Cumaca, Trinidad , British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 mj.” Revision using modern techniques might change the status of subspecies. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. C.t.trinitatumG.G.Goodwin,1958—EColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Amazonianand:CBrazil,EEcuador,EPern,andBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI. C. t. gorgasi Handley, 1960 — Costa Rica , Panama , W Colombia , and NW Ecuador . Descriptive notes. Head—body 50-64 mm (tailless), ear 13-18 mm, hindfoot 8-13 mm, forearm 36-7-42-9 mm; weight 11-18 g. Dorsal fur of the Little Big-eyed Bat is brownish, but a completely white individual was recorded in Peru . Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with brown bases, buff middles, and brown distal tips. Prominent white median dorsal stripe extends from interscapular region to rump. Head has prominent supraocular and subocular stripes of entirely white hairs. Rostrum is relatively short. Ears are brownish, with yellowish bases and yellowish margins. Tragusis yellowish and ¢.25% of ear length. Noseleaf is simple, unnotched at tip, and brown, with yellowish margins on horseshoe and base of spear. Underparts are grayish. Wing membranes are blackish except for translucent area between second and third fingers. Uropatagium is hairy and well developed, with notch nearlevel of knees. Proximal two-thirds of forearm is hairy. Tail is absent. Skull has moderately deep notch on nasal region that does not reach interorbital region. Postorbital processes are well developed. Palate is relatively broad, without median post-palatal process. Sagittal crest is inconspicuous. I' are bluntly pointed, convergent, and in contact at tips. Mandible has prominent angular and coronoid processes. P,is tall, and crown is ¢.66% height of P,. M, is massive and longer than M, and has five well-defined cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 26 and FN = 483, with nine pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and three pairs of subtelocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is submetacentric. Habitat. Humid tropical forests from near sea level to elevations of ¢. 1000 m (more common in lowlands). The Little Big-eyed Bat occurs in the entire Amazonian rainforest, including more dry transitional areas in Brazil ( Mato Grosso ) and Bolivia ( Beni , Santa Cruz ). It occurs in the humid Choc6é in western foothills of the Andes and in evergreen forests in Central America ( Costa Rica and Panama ). Food and Feeding. In Panama , 60% of the diet of the Little Big-eyed Bat was Ficus ( Moraceae ); Ficus popenoei was the most important species. Seeds of Ficus were also reported in diets in the Brazilian Amazon.It eats fruits of Piper elongatum ( Piperaceae ), Vismia ( Hypericaceae ), and Solanum riparium ( Solanaceae ) in Bolivia and Cecropia obtusifolia ( Urticaceae ) in Colombia . In the Peruvian Amazon, it visits mineral licks to drink accumulated mineral-rich water; it was more common at undisturbed mineral licks than human-disturbed ones. Breeding. In Central America, pregnant Little Big-eyed Bats were captured in February and May. In South America, pregnant females were caught in February-March and July (Amazonia of Colombia and Venezuela ), March ( Trinidad ), and June-July ( Colombia and Brazil ). One young is born per pregnancy. Activity patterns. The Little Big-eyed Bat is more common in canopies than lower forest strata. In Brazil and French Guiana, more than 80% of captures were made in the canopy. In French Guiana, individuals were captured in nets set 17 -20m high. On Trinidad Island , a single individual was caught in a well-lit cave that was also occupied by a Little Big-eared Bat ( Micronycteris megalotis ). Echolocation calls recorded in Trinidad are characterized by short (1-4 milliseconds) FM multiharmonic call, with peak frequency of 96-9 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Little Big-eyed Bat has a wide distribution and occurs in several protected areas and relatively undisturbed forests of the Amazon Basin. Bibliography. Bonaccorso (1979), Brosset et al. (2001), Davis et al. (1964), Delaval et al. (2005), Garbino et al. (2012), Gardner (2008b), Ghanem & Voigt (2014), Goodwin (1958a), Goodwin & Greenhall (1961), Handley (1960), Jones, Smith & Turner (1971), Kalko & Handley (2001), Linares & Moreno-Mosquera (2010), Loayza et al. (2006), Pio et al. (2010), Simmons & Voss (1998), Tello et al. (2014).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Chiroderma trinitatum	Chiroderma		trinitatum	Goodwin	1958	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	######	Little Big-eyed Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1,000 ft. (305 m)	Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela south to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include gorgasi ; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Chiroderma trinitatum	23	Little Big-eyed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Chiroderma	NA	trinitatum	G. G. Goodwin	1958	0	Chiroderma_trinitatus	Goodwin, G. G. (1958). Three new bats from Trinidad. American Museum Novitates, 1877, 1.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4562//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1877.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 175325		"Cumaca, Trinidad, British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 m]."			trinitatum G. G. Goodwin, 1958	previously included C. gorgasi	Lim, B. K., Loureiro, L. O., & Garbino, G. S. (2020). Cryptic diversity and range extension in the big-eyed bat genus Chiroderma (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ZooKeys, 918, 41-63.	Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	sciname match	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4667	Chiroderma trinitatum	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Chiroderma	trinitatum	Goodwin, 1958	Includes gorgasi .	20000000	Chiroderma trinitatum	Least Concern		2016	2016-07-02 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because it is widely distributed and unlikely to be declining at a rate which would qualify the species for inclusion in the threat categories.	This species is poorly known. ;This frugivore inhabits a variety of dry and humid tropical and subtropical forests at elevations up to 1,000 m, but is more commonly found below 500 m (Gardner 2008). ;In Venezuela it prefers moist habitats and multistratal evergreen tropical forest (Handley 1976). The type specimen from Trinidad was caught in a well-lit cave (Goodwin and Greenhal 1961). Found in evergreen forest and forest openings; it probably travels in the canopy or subcanopy, as it is seldom caught in nets set at understory level (Reid 2009).	Habitat loss in some parts of the range, although this is not a major threat.	The species is widely distributed. It seems to be relatively uncommon but populations are poorly understood and it may be under represented in studies due to sampling bias. There are just two records in Costa Rica (LaVal and Rodriguez-H. 2002). It is apparently rare in Central America (Reid 2009).	Unknown	This species is distributed from Costa Rica (LaVal and Rodriguez-H 2002) south to Amazonian Brazil, Guianas, Suriname, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru; Trinidad (Simmons 2005). In Venezuela, it occurs at low elevations, below 1,000 m (Handley 1976).		Terrestrial	Reduce loss of forest habitat is needed. It is found in protected areas.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Chiroderma		trinitatum	Goodwin	1958	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	########	Little Big-eyed Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1,000 ft. (305 m)	Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela south to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include gorgasi ; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).	Chiroderma trinitatum	1005027	23	Little Big-eyed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	STENODERMATINAE	STENODERMATINI	Chiroderma	NA	trinitatum	G. G. Goodwin	1958	0	Chiroderma_trinitatus	Goodwin, G. G. (1958). Three new bats from Trinidad. American Museum Novitates, 1877, 1.	http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4562//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1877.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	AMNH 175325		"Cumaca, Trinidad, British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 m]."			trinitatum G. G. Goodwin, 1958	previously included C. gorgasi	Lim, B. K., Loureiro, L. O., & Garbino, G. S. (2020). Cryptic diversity and range extension in the big-eyed bat genus Chiroderma (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ZooKeys, 918, 41-63.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad & Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	sciname match	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Chiroderma_trinitatum	1005027	23	Little Big-eyed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Stenodermatinae	Stenodermatini	Chiroderma	NA	trinitatum	G. G. Goodwin	0	Chiroderma trinitatus	Goodwin, G.G. 1958-02-28. Three new bats from Trinidad. American Museum Novitates 1877:1-6.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/63248940	AMNH M-175325	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-175325	"Cumaca, Trinidad, British West Indies, altitude about 1000 feet [= 304 m]."			previously included C. gorgasi	Lim, B. K., Loureiro, L. O., & Garbino, G. S. (2020). Cryptic diversity and range extension in the big-eyed bat genus Chiroderma (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae). ZooKeys, 918, 41-63.				Colombia|Venezuela|Trinidad and Tobago|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	sciname match	Chiroderma_trinitatum	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Chiroderma		trinitatum	Goodwin	1958	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	########	Little Big-eyed Bat	None.	Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad, Cumaca, 1,000 ft. (305 m)	Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela south to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4667/22037580/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include gorgasi; see Lim et al. (2020) and Garbino et al. (2020), but see also Barriga-Bonilla (1965) and Jones and Carter (1976).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Vampyressina	Chiroderma trinitatum; Chiroderma trinitatum; Chiroderma trinitatum; Chiroderma trinitatum; Chiroderma trinitatum; Chiroderma trinitatum; gorgasi; trinitatum; gorgasi; trinitatum; Chiroderme orné; Kleine Gro Raugenfledermaus; Quirodermopequeno; Little Big-eyed Bat; Little Big-eyed Bat; Little Big-eyed Bat; C. trinitatum