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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1448	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus silvestris		[MSW2] Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971:23), but see Koopman (1975:386).; [MSW3] ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al. (2003).; [HMW] Rhinolophus silvestris Aellen, 1959 , “ Grotte de N’Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville , Gabon .” Rhinolophus silvestris is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is morphologically very similar to R deckenii , indicating that the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly included within R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).; [IUCN] The relationships of Rhinolophus deckeni and R. silvestris are unclear, with the forms possibly being conspecific (see Cotterill 2002, Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005). Often regarded as a subspecies of R. clivosus (Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023]  ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] ferrumequinumspecies group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).														silvestris	The relationships of Rhinolophus deckeni and R. silvestris are unclear, with the forms possibly being conspecific (see Cotterill 2002, Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005). Often regarded as a subspecies of R. clivosus (Simmons 2005).			silvestris	silvestris			silvestris Aellen, 1959					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus silvestris	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.	Aellen	1959	Arch. Sei. Phys. Nat. Geneve, 42:228.	Distribution: Confined to Gabon and Congo (Brazzaville).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Gabon, Congo Rep.	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Aellen	1959	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve, 42:228.	Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971:23), but see Koopman (1975:386).	Gabon, Congo Republic.	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.		AELLEN	1959	Horseshoe relatively broad. Anterior upper premolar extruded from toothrow and greatly reduced. Anterior nasal swellings en larged. Periotic bones somewhat enlarged, nar rowing basioccipital. Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-56 mm). Probably only a subspecies of R. deckeni.	Distribution: Confined to Gabon and Congo (Brazzaville).	No subspecies.		54	species	R. silvestris	AELLEN	1959	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus silvestris				Horseshoe relatively broad. Anterior upper premolar extruded from toothrow and greatly reduced. Anterior nasal swellings en larged. Periotic bones somewhat enlarged, nar rowing basioccipital. Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-56 mm). Probably only a subspecies of R. deckeni.	No subspecies.		23. R. silvestris AELLEN 1959 [ferrumequinum group].	23	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus		silvestris	Aellen		1959		Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve	12		228		Forest Horseshoe Bat	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.	Gabon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al. (2003).	885887A2FFC88A2EFF01FB09F347DC1A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	294	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFC08A26FF1CF68FF7B5DA4F.xml	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	silvestris	Aellen	1959	African Forest Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe sylvestre @fr | Waldhufeisennase @de | Herradura forestal @es | Forest Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus silvestris Aellen, 1959 , “ Grotte de N’Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville , Gabon .” Rhinolophus silvestris is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is morphologically very similar to R deckenii , indicating that the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly included within R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic.	Only recorded from three localities in Gabon (Benga, Belinga, and Dumbu caves, Latoursville), and a single site in the Republic of the Congo ( Meya-Nzouari ).			No information.	Juveniles and immature African Forest Horseshoe Bats were collected in November.	African Forest Horseshoe Bats roost in caves.	African Forest Horseshoe Bats share their roosts with Egyptian Rousettes {ousettus aegyptiacus') , Adam’s Horseshoe Bats { odami ), Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros ruber), Giant Leaf-nosed Bats ( Macronycteris gigas ), African Trident Bats { Triaenops afer ), and Least Long-fingered Bats { Miniopterus minor).	Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCNRed List. Only twelve specimens of the African Forest Horseshoe Bat are known, and there is virtually no ecological information available. More thorough sampling and taxonomic research are needed to fully evaluate its conservation status.	ACR (2018) | Aellen & Brosset (1968) | Bates et al. (2013) | Cotterill (2002a, 2008b, 2013d) | Csorba et al. (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749962/files/figure.png	27 . African Forest Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus silvestris French: Rhinolophe sylvestre / German: Waldhufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura forestal Other common names: Forest Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus silvestris Aellen, 1959 , “ Grotte de N’Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville , Gabon .” Rhinolophus silvestris is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is morphologically very similar to R deckenii , indicating that the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly included within R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. Only recorded from three localities in Gabon (Benga, Belinga, and Dumbu caves, Latoursville), and a single site in the Republic of the Congo ( Meya-Nzouari ). Descriptive notes. Tail 28-32 mm , ear 22—23 mm , forearm 50-56 mm . The African Forest Horseshoe Bat is very similar to Decken’s Horseshoe Bat { deckenii ) but with higher nasal swellings and trumpet-shaped baculum with rounded shaft. Dorsal pelage is rusty brown; venter is paler. Ears are medium short in length ( c .42% of forearm length). Noseleaf has subtriangular and high lancet, with straight to slightly concave sides and bluntly pointed tip; connecting process is rounded and subequal to height of stella; sella is naked, with either parallel or slighdy concave sides and broad, rounded tip; and horseshoe is medium in width at 9-1-11- 5 mm , covers entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has three grooves: middle groove is well defined, and outer two are poorly defined. Wings and uropatagium are brown and semi-translucent. Skull is robust, with sturdy zygomatic arches (zygomatic width is much larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are medium in relative height and have smoothly rounded lateral profile; frontal depression is moderately deep, with prominent supraorbital ridges; sagittal crest is well developed anteriorly and absent posteriorly; and interpterygoid groove is shallow but conspicuous. P2 is tiny and completely displaced labially, C1 and P4 are in contact or nearly in contact, P3 is tiny and fully displaced labially or absent, and P2 and P4 are in contact. Dental formula typically has 32 teeth or I 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 30 when a lower premolar is absent . Habitat Dense rainforests near caves, particularly limestone caves. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Juveniles and immature African Forest Horseshoe Bats were collected in November. Activity patterns. African Forest Horseshoe Bats roost in caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. African Forest Horseshoe Bats share their roosts with Egyptian Rousettes {ousettus aegyptiacus') , Adam’s Horseshoe Bats { odami ), Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros ruber), Giant Leaf-nosed Bats ( Macronycteris gigas ), African Trident Bats { Triaenops afer ), and Least Long-fingered Bats { Miniopterus minor). Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCNRed List. Only twelve specimens of the African Forest Horseshoe Bat are known, and there is virtually no ecological information available. More thorough sampling and taxonomic research are needed to fully evaluate its conservation status. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Aellen & Brosset (1968), Bates eta/. (2013), Cotterill (2002a, 2008b, 2013d), Csorba eta/. (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus silvestris	Rhinolophus		silvestris	Aellen	1959	0	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve	0.6583	Forest Horseshoe Bat	None.	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.	Gabon, Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus silvestris	23	African Forest Horseshoe Bat	Forest Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	silvestris	Aellen	1959	0	Rhinolophus_silvestris	Aellen, V. (1959). Chiroptères nouveaux d'afrique. Archives des sciences de Genève, 12(2), 228.	https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=ads-002%3A1959%3A12%3A%3A140#228	MHNG 965.040		"Grotte de N'Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville, Gabon."			silvestris Aellen, 1959	NA	NA	Gabon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19567	Rhinolophus silvestris	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	silvestris	Aellen, 1959	The relationships of Rhinolophus deckeni and R. silvestris are unclear, with the forms possibly being conspecific (see Cotterill 2002, Csorba et al. 2003, Simmons 2005). Often regarded as a subspecies of R. clivosus (Simmons 2005).	20000000	Rhinolophus silvestris	Data Deficient		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Confirmed as Data Deficient in view of the absence of sufficient information on its extent of occurrence, natural history, threats and conservation status.	The natural history of this species is poorly known, however, it appears to be associated with cave habitats within lowland tropical moist forest. It is not known if the species can persist in degraded habitats.	It is considered to be threatened by habitat loss through conversion of land to agricultural use and logging operations. Additional threats include general disturbance of cave roost sites and overharvesting of the species for the bushmeat trade.	The species is usually found in small colonies of fewer than 20 bats. It is believed to be in overall decline.	Decreasing	This poorly known species has only been recorded from three localities in Gabon (Benga; Belinga; and the type locality of Dumbu Cave, Latoursville), and a single site in Congo (Meya-Nzouari).		Terrestrial	The species does not appear to have been recorded from any protected areas. An additional examination of the taxonomic relationship between this species and Rhinolophus deckeni is needed. Further field surveys are needed to better determine the distribution, natural history and the extent of threats to this little known bat.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		silvestris	Aellen	1959	0	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve	0.658333	Forest Horseshoe Bat	None.	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.	Gabon, Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Data Deficient	 ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).	Rhinolophus silvestris	1004744	23	African Forest Horseshoe Bat	Forest Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	silvestris	Aellen	1959	0	Rhinolophus_silvestris	Aellen, V. (1959). Chiroptères nouveaux d'afrique. Archives des sciences de Genève, 12(2), 228.	https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=ads-002%3A1959%3A12%3A%3A140#228	MHNG 965.040		"Grotte de N'Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville, Gabon."			silvestris Aellen, 1959	NA	NA				Gabon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_silvestris	1004744	23	African Forest Horseshoe Bat	Forest Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	silvestris	Aellen	0	Rhinolophus silvestris	Aellen, V. 1959. Chiroptères nouveaux d'Afrique. Archives des Sciences 12(2):217-240.	https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=ads-002%3A1959%3A12%3A%3A140#228	MHNG 965.40	holotype		"Grotte de N'Dumbu [= Dumbu Cave], Latoursville, Gabon."			NA	NA				Gabon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	DD	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_silvestris	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		silvestris	Aellen	1959	0	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve	0.658333	Forest Horseshoe Bat	None.	Gabon, Latoursville, N'Dumbu Cave.	Gabon, Republic of Congo.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19567/21994523/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	ferrumequinumspecies group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al.(2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus silvestris; Rhinolophus silvestris; Rhinolophus silvestris; Rhinolophus silvestris; Rhinolophus silvestris; Rhinolophus silvestris; silvestris; African Forest Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe sylvestre; Waldhufeisennase; Herradura forestal; Forest Horseshoe Bat; African Forest Horseshoe Bat; Forest Horseshoe Bat; Forest Horseshoe Bat; Forest Horseshoe Bat; R. silvestris