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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1437	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus	N/A	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus and Rhinolophus subrufus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus rufus		[MSW2] Name revived by Lawrence (1939:47-50).; [MSW3] euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).; [HMW] Rhinolophus luctus var. rufa [sic] Eydoux & P. Gervais in Laplace, 1839 , “ Manille [= Manila],” Luzon , Philippines . Rhinolophus rufus is included in the euryotis species group, but its relationships within the group are unclear; further studies are needed. It may be closely related to /?. subrufus and R inops . Monotypic .; [batnames2022]  euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).; [batnames2023]  euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).; [batnames2025_1.7] euryotisspecies group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).									eudoxii			rufus	rufus - eudoxii	rufus, eudoxii		rufus	rufus - eudoxii	rufus, eudoxii 	rufus, eudouxii, eudoxii	rufus 	rufus - eudoxii	rufus Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836|eudouxii (Fitzinger, 1870)|eudoxii Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling | not used as valid]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus rufus	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Eydoux and Gervais	1836	Zool. Voy. "Favorite", p. 9.			Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Philippines	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Eydoux and Gervais	1836	In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite, 5(Zoologie), pt. 2:9.	Name revived by Lawrence (1939:47-50).	Philippines.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus		rufus	Eydoux and Gervais		1836		In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite	5(Zoologie)	pt. 2	9		Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	eudoxii Fitzinger, 1870.	euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	885887A2FFDA8A3CFF0BFC39FA82D65B	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	320	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFE68A00F8B3F9E8F2BBD69F.xml	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	rufus	Eydoux & Gervais	1836	Rhinolophed'Eydoux @fr | Grosse Rotbraune Hufeisennase @de | Herradura rufogrande @es	Rhinolophus luctus var. rufa [sic] Eydoux & P. Gervais in Laplace, 1839 , “ Manille [= Manila],” Luzon , Philippines . Rhinolophus rufus is included in the euryotis species group, but its relationships within the group are unclear; further studies are needed. It may be closely related to /?. subrufus and R inops . Monotypic .	Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Marinduque , Catanduanes , Guimaras , Bohol , Leyte , Camiguin , and Mindanao Is).	Head—body c. 80-97 mm , tail 30-33 mm , ear 33-37 mm , hindfoot 15- 4-21 mm , forearm 68-73 mm ; weight 26-34 g . The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a very large species of horseshoe bat, the largest in the Philippines . Dorsal and ventral pelage is typically dark to medium brown, occasionally with red or orange tint. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has moderately long, straight-sided lancet; connecting process is strongly arcuate, and is semicircular; sella has parallel margins or is slightly but gradually narrowed upward, and has widely rounded tip and scarcely expanded base; horseshoe is relatively wide, covering muzzle almost to upper lip, and has lateral leaflets and narrow but deep median emargination. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Skull is enormous and very robust (zygomatic breadth is much wider than mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are large and project strongly; anterior lateral and posterior swellings are less developed; sagittal crest is high to very high; supraorbital ridges are very conspicuous; frontal depression is deep. C1 is strong and moderately long; P2 is small and within tooth row; P3 is very small and partly or completely extruded from tooth row; P, and P, are separated by a small space or barely touch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 40 and FN = 60 ( Catanduanes I).	Recorded from primary and secondary lowland forest, often in association with fairly large, deep caves. The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is generally a lowland species, being found at elevations from sea level up to 350 m on Luzon, and up to 600 m elsewhere.	No information.	Females give birth to a single young.	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bats roost in caves by day.	No information.	Classified as Near Threatened on 77 rc IUCN ed List. The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is relatively uncommon through its distribution, although it is locally common on Bohol and Polillo. The overall available habitat for this species is declining throughout its distribution due to deforestation. The species is also threatened by roost disturbance from tourism and guano mining. It is also collected for food in some areas: fires are lit in the cave to asphyxiate the bats, which are then collected.	Cabauatan et al. (2014) | Heaney , Balete, Dolar et al. (1998) | Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016) | Heaney , Gonzales et al. (1991) | Ong, Rosell-Ambal , Tabaranza & Heaney (2008) | Rickart et al. (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750080/files/figure.png	85 . Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus rufus French: Rhinolophe d'Eydoux / German: Grosse Rotbraune Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura rufo grande Taxonomy. Rhinolophus luctus var. rufa [sic] Eydoux & P. Gervais in Laplace, 1839 , “ Manille [= Manila],” Luzon , Philippines . Rhinolophus rufus is included in the euryotis species group, but its relationships within the group are unclear; further studies are needed. It may be closely related to /?. subrufus and R inops . Monotypic . Distribution. Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Marinduque , Catanduanes , Guimaras , Bohol , Leyte , Camiguin , and Mindanao Is). Descriptive notes. Head—body c. 80-97 mm , tail 30-33 mm , ear 33-37 mm , hindfoot 15- 4-21 mm , forearm 68-73 mm ; weight 26-34 g . The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is a very large species of horseshoe bat, the largest in the Philippines . Dorsal and ventral pelage is typically dark to medium brown, occasionally with red or orange tint. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has moderately long, straight-sided lancet; connecting process is strongly arcuate, and is semicircular; sella has parallel margins or is slightly but gradually narrowed upward, and has widely rounded tip and scarcely expanded base; horseshoe is relatively wide, covering muzzle almost to upper lip, and has lateral leaflets and narrow but deep median emargination. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Skull is enormous and very robust (zygomatic breadth is much wider than mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are large and project strongly; anterior lateral and posterior swellings are less developed; sagittal crest is high to very high; supraorbital ridges are very conspicuous; frontal depression is deep. C1 is strong and moderately long; P2 is small and within tooth row; P3 is very small and partly or completely extruded from tooth row; P, and P, are separated by a small space or barely touch. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 40 and FN = 60 ( Catanduanes I). Habitat. Recorded from primary and secondary lowland forest, often in association with fairly large, deep caves. The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is generally a lowland species, being found at elevations from sea level up to 350 m on Luzon, and up to 600 m elsewhere. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Females give birth to a single young. Activity patterns. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bats roost in caves by day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on 77 rc IUCN ed List. The Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is relatively uncommon through its distribution, although it is locally common on Bohol and Polillo. The overall available habitat for this species is declining throughout its distribution due to deforestation. The species is also threatened by roost disturbance from tourism and guano mining. It is also collected for food in some areas: fires are lit in the cave to asphyxiate the bats, which are then collected. Bibliography. Cabauatan et al. (2014), Heaney , Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Heaney , Gonzales et al. (1991), Ong, Rosell-Ambal , Tabaranza & Heaney (2008), Rickart et al. (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus rufus	Rhinolophus		rufus	Eydoux & Gervais	1839	0	In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite	5(Zoologie)(pt. 2): 9	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat	 eudoxii Fitzinger, 1870.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus rufus	23	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	rufus	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1839	0						"Manille [= Manila]," Luzon, Philippines.			rufus Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836|eudoxii (Fitzinger, 1870)	NA	NA	Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19564	Rhinolophus rufus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	rufus	Eydoux &; Gervais, 1836		20000000	Rhinolophus rufus	Near Threatened	A2cd	2019	2018-08-10 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span id="docs-internal-guid-01799eea-7fff-bc99-f412-096858f78794"><span id="docs-internal-guid-01799eea-7fff-bc99-f412-096858f78794">Rhinolophus rufus is listed as Near Threatened because it is thought to be in significant decline, but probably at a rate of 20-30% ;over the last three generations (22.5 years: generation length is 7.5 years; Pacifici et al. 2013). There is continuing widespread loss of good forest through much of its range, major disturbance of its cave habitats, and indirect harvesting for food, thus making the species close to qualifying for Vulnerable under criteria A2cd.</span>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-50c9d3af-7fff-66f6-1470-b422aa6cb932"><p>Rhinolophus rufus has been recorded in primary and mature secondary forest, either in or near to caves (Heaney et al . 1991, 1998; Lawrence 1939; Sanborn 1952).</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-9ae68922-7fff-f8e7-89ce-4a2841ca6c14"><p>This species is probably dependent on lowland caves, most of which have been heavily disturbed (Heaney et al . 1998). The caves are threatened by guano mining. This species is also collected for food (fires are lit in the caves to asphyxiate these bats) (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2007).</p>	<span id="docs-internal-guid-96fa4024-7fff-00cf-d947-29dead7dbcff"><p>This is a generally uncommon species (Heaney et al . 1998); the overall population of Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat is declining. It is, however, abundant on Bohol and Polillo (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2007).</p>	Decreasing	Rhinolophus rufus is endemic to the Philippines, where it has been recorded from Bohol, Camiguin (KU), Catanduanes, Guimaras (ROM), Leyte, Luzon (Cagayan (USNM), Camarines Sur (FMNH), Cavite (FMNH), Laguna, Pampanga, Quezon (FMNH), and Rizal provinces), Marinduque, Mindanao (Davao del Sur, Maguindanao, and Zamboanga del Norte provinces), Mindoro, and Polillo (Heaney et al. 1998). It is a lowland species with a range from sea-level to 600 m asl., perhaps higher (Heaney et al. 2010).	This species is hunted <span id="docs-internal-guid-9ae68922-7fff-f8e7-89ce-4a2841ca6c14">for food.	Terrestrial	<span id="docs-internal-guid-630740b5-7fff-3308-5674-e3cfaee88861"><p>Rhinolophus rufus occurs in a number of protected areas.</p>	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		rufus	Eydoux & Gervais	1839	0	In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite	5(Zoologie)(pt. 2): 9	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat	 eudoxii Fitzinger, 1870.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Rhinolophus rufus	1004736	23	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	rufus	Eydoux & P. Gervais	1836	0						"Manille [= Manila]," Luzon, Philippines.			rufus Eydoux & P. Gervais, 1836|eudoxii (Fitzinger, 1870)	NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_rufus	1004736	23	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	rufus	Eydoux & P. Gervais	0	Rhinolophus luctus Varietas rufa	Eydoux, J.F.T. and Gervais, P. 1836. Classe I. Magasin de zoologie 6(1):1-26.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37085996				"Manille [= Manila]," Luzon, Philippines.			NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_rufus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		rufus	Eydoux & Gervais	1839	0	In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite	5(Zoologie)(pt. 2): 9	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat	eudoxii Fitzinger, 1870.	Philippines, Luzon, Manila.	Philippines.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19564/21995212/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	euryotisspecies group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus rufus; Rhinolophus rufus; Rhinolophus rufus; Rhinolophus rufus; Rhinolophus rufus; Rhinolophus rufus; eudoxii; eudoxii; rufus; eudoxii; Rhinolophed'Eydoux; Grosse Rotbraune Hufeisennase; Herradura rufogrande; Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat; Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat; Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat; R. rufus