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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1433	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus robinsoni		[MSW2] Includes klossi; see Medway (1969:24).; [MSW3] megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).; [HMW] Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 , “ Kao Nawng, Bandon [ Surat Thani Province ], Lower Siam [= Thailand ].” Included in the megaphyllus species group, and appears to be sister to a clade that includes A philippinensis , R megaphyllus , R celebensis , and A virgo , based on limited genetic data. A robinsoni has often been treated as a subspecies or synonym of A megaphyllus , but morphological and genetic data support their specific separation. In addition to the two subspecies recognized here, a third, thaianus. described from northern and western Thailand by J. E. Hill in 1992 (originally named siamensis by D. A . McFarlane and B. R. Blood in 1986 but this name is preoccupied) is commonly recognized; however, it this name is probably a synonym of A chaseni which is presently accepted as monotypic. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2023]  megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] megaphyllusspecies group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).				klossi		klossi.	robinsoni, klossi	robinsoni, klossi, thaianus	thaianus - siamensis	robinsoni, klossi		robinsoni, klossi, thaianus	thaianus - siamensis	robinsoni, klossi		robinsoni, klossi, thaianus		robinsoni, klossi	klossi, robinsoni	klossi, robinsoni, thaianus,	thaianus - siamensis	klossi Andersen, 1918|robinsoni Andersen, 1918		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Peninsular horseshoe bat	S Thailand, Malaya	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon.	K. Andersen	1918	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 2:375.	Distribution: Con fined to Malaya and Thailand.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Peninsular horseshoe bat	NW Thailand, Malaya	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	K. Andersen	1918	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 2:375.	Includes klossi; see Medway (1969:24).	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon.		ANDERSEN	1908	Connecting process unusally low. Outer margin of sella markedly convex. Size medium (forearm length, 40-48 mm).	Distribution: Con fined to Malaya and Thailand.	Two subspecies:	R. r. robinsoni (peninsular Thailand), R. r. klossi (Malaya, including nearby islands). A third (from northern Thai land) has been proposed, but its name is a homonym of B. macrotis siamensis.	54	species	R. robinsoni	ANDERSEN	1908	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus robinsoni				Connecting process unusally low. Outer margin of sella markedly convex. Size medium (forearm length, 40-48 mm).	Two subspecies:		19. R. robinsoni ANDERSEN 1908 [ferrumequinum group].	19	_R. r. klossi_ Andersen, 1918; _R. r. robinsoni_ Andersen, 1918			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus		robinsoni	K. Andersen		1918		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9	2		375		Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon, Kaho Nawng.	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 – not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	klossi K. Andersen, 1918; thaianus Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]; siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986 [not siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917].	megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).	885887A2FFE18A07FF69FEF9F55ED3BC	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	308	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFD28A37F8B2F7BCFB57DB41.xml	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophede Robinson @fr | Robinson-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Robinson @es | Peninsular Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 , “ Kao Nawng, Bandon [ Surat Thani Province ], Lower Siam [= Thailand ].” Included in the megaphyllus species group, and appears to be sister to a clade that includes A philippinensis , R megaphyllus , R celebensis , and A virgo , based on limited genetic data. A robinsoni has often been treated as a subspecies or synonym of A megaphyllus , but morphological and genetic data support their specific separation. In addition to the two subspecies recognized here, a third, thaianus. described from northern and western Thailand by J. E. Hill in 1992 (originally named siamensis by D. A . McFarlane and B. R. Blood in 1986 but this name is preoccupied) is commonly recognized; however, it this name is probably a synonym of A chaseni which is presently accepted as monotypic. Two subspecies recognized.	A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula. A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula.	Head-body 47-55 mm , tail 19-29 mm , ear 16-23 mm , hindfoot 9 mm , forearm 40-46 mm ; weight 6-13 g . Dorsal pelage is dark brown to reddish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Ears are of medium length. Noseleaf has long, broadly triangular lancet that is practically straight with pointed tip; connecting process is high and rounded; sella is broad basally and gets slightly wider in middle before narrowing abruptly before squared-off tip; horseshoe is wide, at 8-3— 9- 2 mm , nearly covers muzzle, has small but noticeable median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are mostly covered by horseshoe. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build; anterior nasal swellings are moderately developed and globular; sagittal crest is low and braincase is elongate; frontal depression is longer than it is wide, and is clearly defined; supraorbital crests join sagittal crest more or less behind mid-orbit; rostrum is elongated. P2 is small with well-developed cusp and is within tooth row labially, separating C 1 and P4 widely; P3 is partially or completely displaced labially.	Known from mixed deciduous forest and lowland dipterocarp forest in Thailand and from lowland and hill forest in Malaysia .	No information.	No information.	Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal. It has been reported roosting in crevices in rocks and in palms in the understory, in Malaysia . Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a F of 64-68 kHz.	Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat probably roosts in small colonies.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is considered rare throughout its relatively restricted range (as currently known). It is likely threatened by deforestation for logging, agriculture, and fires. Very little is known of its ecology or potential threats, and further research is needed.	Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Kingston et al. (2006) | McFarlane & Blood (1986) | Robinson et al. (1995) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750020/files/figure.png	57 . Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus robinsoni French: Rhinolophe de Robinson I German: Robinson-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura de Robinson Other common names: Peninsular Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 , “ Kao Nawng, Bandon [ Surat Thani Province ], Lower Siam [= Thailand ].” Included in the megaphyllus species group, and appears to be sister to a clade that includes A philippinensis , R megaphyllus , R celebensis , and A virgo , based on limited genetic data. A robinsoni has often been treated as a subspecies or synonym of A megaphyllus , but morphological and genetic data support their specific separation. In addition to the two subspecies recognized here, a third, thaianus. described from northern and western Thailand by J. E. Hill in 1992 (originally named siamensis by D. A . McFarlane and B. R. Blood in 1986 but this name is preoccupied) is commonly recognized; however, it this name is probably a synonym of A chaseni which is presently accepted as monotypic. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. A r. robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - Malay Peninsula. A r. klossi K. Andersen, 1918 - Tioman, Pemanggil, and Aur Is off SE Malay Peninsula. Descriptive notes. Head-body 47-55 mm , tail 19-29 mm , ear 16-23 mm , hindfoot 9 mm , forearm 40-46 mm ; weight 6-13 g . Dorsal pelage is dark brown to reddish brown, whereas ventral pelage is slightly paler. Ears are of medium length. Noseleaf has long, broadly triangular lancet that is practically straight with pointed tip; connecting process is high and rounded; sella is broad basally and gets slightly wider in middle before narrowing abruptly before squared-off tip; horseshoe is wide, at 8-3— 9- 2 mm , nearly covers muzzle, has small but noticeable median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are mostly covered by horseshoe. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build; anterior nasal swellings are moderately developed and globular; sagittal crest is low and braincase is elongate; frontal depression is longer than it is wide, and is clearly defined; supraorbital crests join sagittal crest more or less behind mid-orbit; rostrum is elongated. P2 is small with well-developed cusp and is within tooth row labially, separating C 1 and P4 widely; P3 is partially or completely displaced labially. Habitat. Known from mixed deciduous forest and lowland dipterocarp forest in Thailand and from lowland and hill forest in Malaysia . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal. It has been reported roosting in crevices in rocks and in palms in the understory, in Malaysia . Call shape is FM/CF/ FM with a F of 64-68 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat probably roosts in small colonies. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat is considered rare throughout its relatively restricted range (as currently known). It is likely threatened by deforestation for logging, agriculture, and fires. Very little is known of its ecology or potential threats, and further research is needed. Bibliography. Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba et al. (2003), Kingston et al. (2006), McFarlane & Blood (1986), Robinson et al. (1995), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Rhinolophus		robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 2: 375	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	<b> klossi </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b> thaianus </b> Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]; siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986 [not siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917].	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon, Kaho Nawng.	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus robinsoni	23	Robinson's Horseshoe Bat	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	0	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	Andersen, K. (1918). Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 9, 2, 375.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53366#page/407/mode/1up	BM 1918.8.2.1		"Kao Nawng, Bandon [Surat Thani Province], Lower Siam [= Thailand]."			robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918|klossi K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA	Thailand|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136496	Rhinolophus robinsoni	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	robinsoni	K. Andersen, 1918		20000000	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Near Threatened	A2c	2020	2018-08-03 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This bat is listed as Near Threatened because it is a rare, forest dependent species, and its population is suspected to have declined at a rate of 25-30% over 24 years (three generations; generation length = 8 years, Pacifici et al. 2013) because of widespread habitat loss through much of its range, thus making the species close to qualifying for Vulnerable under criterion A2c. The threats are not resolved and the population decline is projected to continue.	It is found in mixed pristine deciduous forest in west Thailand, and in the south in pristine lowland dipterocarp forest (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). In Malaysia it is primarily found in lowland and hill forest, and found roosting in crevices in rock boulders, and other individuals have been found from palms in understory (Kingston et al . 2006).	Forest loss due to logging, agriculture, plantations and fires is a major threat for this species. The cave locality in the north of Thailand is disturbed by tourism (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm). In Peninsular Malaysia, the sites recorded were of protected areas.	In Thailand it is locally rare (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm). Surveys in areas surrounding pristine forest in Thailand have failed to find the species in degraded habitats, it is probable that they would have been found in these areas if they were there. The population at the type locality is now extirpated (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm). It is extensively recorded in Malaysia but low in numbers (see Daud, ND, Jayaraj et al. 2013, 2016; Lim et al. 2017).	Decreasing	This species occurs in Thailand, western Malaysia and adjacent small islands. It is also suspected to be ; present in south Viet Nam but the exact locality is not known and so is not mapped here.		Terrestrial	Three of the four populations in Thailand occur in protected areas (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.) while there are records of this species in North and south of Peninsular Malaysia. Further research is needed on the range of the upper limit of this species in Isthmus of Kra and population status of this species.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 2: 375	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	<b> klossi </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b> thaianus </b> Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]; siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986 [not siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917].	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon, Kaho Nawng.	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Rhinolophus robinsoni	1004734	23	Robinson's Horseshoe Bat	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	0	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	Andersen, K. (1918). Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 9, 2, 375.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53366#page/407/mode/1up	BM 1918.8.2.1		"Kao Nawng, Bandon [Surat Thani Province], Lower Siam [= Thailand]."			robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918|klossi K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	1004734	23	Robinson's Horseshoe Bat	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	robinsoni	Andersen	0	Rhinolophus robinsoni	Andersen, K.C. 1918-10-01. Diagnoses of new bats of the families Rhinolophidae and Megadermatidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)2(10):374-384.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22103258	BMNH:Mamm:1918.8.2.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/6d95e07c-7f18-4856-8e69-3d1dfb3ca88b	"Kao Nawng, Bandon [Surat Thani Province], Lower Siam [= Thailand]."			NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_robinsoni	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		robinsoni	K. Andersen	1918	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 9, 2: 375	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat	klossi K. Andersen, 1918; thaianus Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]; siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986 [not siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917].	Thailand, Surat Thani, Bandon, Kaho Nawng.	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136496/21976144/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	megaphyllusspecies group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus robinsoni; Rhinolophus robinsoni; Rhinolophus robinsoni; Rhinolophus robinsoni; Rhinolophus robinsoni; Rhinolophus robinsoni; robinsoni; klossi; thaianus; thaianus - siamensis; robinsoni; klossi; klossi; thaianus; thaianus - siamensis; robinsoni; klossi; Robinson’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophede Robinson; Robinson-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Robinson; Peninsular Horseshoe Bat; Robinson's Horseshoe Bat; Peninsular Horseshoe Bat; Peninsular Horseshoe Bat; Peninsular Horseshoe Bat; R. robinsoni