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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1429	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus refulgens	N/A	Rhinolophus lepidus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus lepidus [synonym of]	Rhinolophus lepidus refulgens	Rhinolophus lepidus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus lepidus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus refulgens		[HMW] Rhinolophus refulgens K Andersen, 1905 , “ Malay Peninsula : Perak ; Selangor . ” Rhinolophus refulgens is included in the pusillus species group. It was recently elevated to species status based on genetic data. Although R. refulgens and R. lepidus are morphometrically very similar, the genetic divergence between them is higher than that found between other sister species of Rhinolophus . The most recent phylogenetic study has placed R refulgens as sister to R. lepidus from Vietnam and Cambodia . The taxon cuneatus is tentatively treated as a subspecies of R. refulgens but the Sumatran specimen has not been comprehensively compared to refulgens . Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Distinct from lepidus ; see Soisook et al. (2016).; [MDD2022] split from R. lepidus; [batnames2023] Distinct from lepidus ; see Soisook et al. (2016).; [MDD2023] split from R. lepidus; [MDD2025_2.0] split from R. lepidus; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from lepidus; see Soisook et al. (2016).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from R. lepidus										refulgens, cuneatus				refulgens				refulgens	refulgens, cuneatus			refulgens Andersen, 1905|cuneatus Andersen, 1918		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Glossy horseshoe bat	S Thailand – Sumatra		N/A																																								_R. r. cuneatus_ Andersen, 1918; _R. r. refulgens_ Andersen, 1905																											885887A2FFD88A3EF846FC87F206CB64	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	314	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66.xml	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	refulgens	K. Andersen	1905	Glossy Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe irisé @fr | Glänzende Hufeisennase @de | Herradura iriscente @es	Rhinolophus refulgens K Andersen, 1905 , “ Malay Peninsula : Perak ; Selangor . ” Rhinolophus refulgens is included in the pusillus species group. It was recently elevated to species status based on genetic data. Although R. refulgens and R. lepidus are morphometrically very similar, the genetic divergence between them is higher than that found between other sister species of Rhinolophus . The most recent phylogenetic study has placed R refulgens as sister to R. lepidus from Vietnam and Cambodia . The taxon cuneatus is tentatively treated as a subspecies of R. refulgens but the Sumatran specimen has not been comprehensively compared to refulgens . Two subspecies recognized.	. r. refulgens K. Andersen, 1905 - Malay Peninsula and Singapore , along with Tarutao and Tioman Is. R. r. cuneatus K.Andersen, 1918 - E Sumatra .	Head-body 37-2-51- 1 mm , tail 14-6-22- 4 mm , ear 12-3-17- 8 mm , hindfoot 5-3-7- 9 mm , forearm 36-6—42- 6 mm ; weight 4—7- 2 g . Dorsal pelage varies between very dark brown and bright foxy red (hairs with paler tip, giving the fur glossy appearance) whereas ventral pelage is wood brown or drab. Ears are small or mediumsized. Noseleaf has slightly concave lancet and has bluntly pointed tip; connecting process is triangular with rounded tip; sella is narrow and usually parallel-sided or slightly convex; horseshoe is relatively wide and does not cover whole muzzle, has wide median emargination, and secondary leaflets are present. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is generally similar to that of Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat (Ä lepidus') but can be distinguished based on broader supraorbital region, with poorly defined supraorbital ridges. C 1 is only slightly higher than P4.	Mainly found in mature lowland and hill rainforest, as well as primary and secondary rainforest in Singapore .	Glossy Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. These bats are maneuverable and able to forage in areas with cluttered vegetation.	In Malaysia , pregnant females were captured in all months except February, June, andJuly. Pregnant females were most commonly reported with a single fetus, but some have two embryos. Lactating females have been reported in May, June, andJuly. These data suggest that the species may breed year-round.			Not assessed as a separate species on The IUCN ed List, where it is included under Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat as Least Concern. The Glossy Horseshoe Bat has a relatively limited distribution, as currently known; within this range it is likely to be threatened by habitat destruction, as it is relatively restricted to mature lowland forests.	Chua & Aziz (2018) | Dejtaradol (2009) | Kingston et al. (2006) | Leong & Lim (2009) | Lim et al. (1999) | Pottie et al. (2005) | Soisook et al. (2016) | Tingga et al. (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750052/files/figure.png	73 . Glossy Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus refulgens French: Rhinolophe irisé / German: Glänzende Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura iriscente Taxonomy. Rhinolophus refulgens K Andersen, 1905 , “ Malay Peninsula : Perak ; Selangor . ” Rhinolophus refulgens is included in the pusillus species group. It was recently elevated to species status based on genetic data. Although R. refulgens and R. lepidus are morphometrically very similar, the genetic divergence between them is higher than that found between other sister species of Rhinolophus . The most recent phylogenetic study has placed R refulgens as sister to R. lepidus from Vietnam and Cambodia . The taxon cuneatus is tentatively treated as a subspecies of R. refulgens but the Sumatran specimen has not been comprehensively compared to refulgens . Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. . r. refulgens K. Andersen, 1905 - Malay Peninsula and Singapore , along with Tarutao and Tioman Is. R. r. cuneatus K.Andersen, 1918 - E Sumatra . Descriptive notes. Head-body 37-2-51- 1 mm , tail 14-6-22- 4 mm , ear 12-3-17- 8 mm , hindfoot 5-3-7- 9 mm , forearm 36-6—42- 6 mm ; weight 4—7- 2 g . Dorsal pelage varies between very dark brown and bright foxy red (hairs with paler tip, giving the fur glossy appearance) whereas ventral pelage is wood brown or drab. Ears are small or mediumsized. Noseleaf has slightly concave lancet and has bluntly pointed tip; connecting process is triangular with rounded tip; sella is narrow and usually parallel-sided or slightly convex; horseshoe is relatively wide and does not cover whole muzzle, has wide median emargination, and secondary leaflets are present. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is generally similar to that of Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat (Ä lepidus') but can be distinguished based on broader supraorbital region, with poorly defined supraorbital ridges. C 1 is only slightly higher than P4. Habitat. Mainly found in mature lowland and hill rainforest, as well as primary and secondary rainforest in Singapore . Food and Feeding. Glossy Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous. These bats are maneuverable and able to forage in areas with cluttered vegetation. Breeding. In Malaysia , pregnant females were captured in all months except February, June, andJuly. Pregnant females were most commonly reported with a single fetus, but some have two embryos. Lactating females have been reported in May, June, andJuly. These data suggest that the species may breed year-round. Activity patterns. The Glossy Horseshoe Bat is generally thought to be nocturnal, but on Tioman Island, Malaysia , the species has been observed foraging throughout both day and night. This atypical diurnal foraging may be attributed to the lack of avian predators hunting under the forest canopy, where the species normally forages. On Tioman Island, individuals were reported roosting in coconut palms, and in Singapore they roosted in caves; they roost in caves and rock crevices on the mainland. Search call shape is a FM/CF/FM with a peak F reported at 98-6-105-2 kHz in males and 100-7-104-1 kHz in females. Peak frequencies in Singapore were reported at 97-8 kHz, with a duration of 28-4 milliseconds. Movements , Home range and Social organization. The Glossy Horseshoe Bat roosts in colonies, with up to 300 individuals reported on Tioman Island and 350 in Singapore . Status and Conservation. Not assessed as a separate species on The IUCN ed List, where it is included under Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat as Least Concern. The Glossy Horseshoe Bat has a relatively limited distribution, as currently known; within this range it is likely to be threatened by habitat destruction, as it is relatively restricted to mature lowland forests. Bibliography. Chua & Aziz (2018), Dejtaradol (2009), Kingston et al. (2006), Leong & Lim (2009), Lim et al. (1999), Pottie et al. (2005), Soisook et al. (2016), Tingga et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus refulgens	Rhinolophus		refulgens	Andersen	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	0.1694	Glossy Horseshoe Bat	None.		Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia	Not listed.	Least Concern under Rhinolophus lepidus 	Distinct from lepidus ; see Soisook et al. (2016).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus refulgens	23	Glossy Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	refulgens	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_refulgens	Andersen, K. (1905). On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on Their Natural Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six New Forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 124.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207536#page/166/mode/1up	BM 1898.11.29.2		"Malay Peninsula: Perak; Selangor."			refulgens K. Andersen, 1905	split from R. lepidus	Soisook, P., Karapan, S., Srikrachang, M., Dejtaradol, A., Nualcharoen, K., Bumrungsri, S., ... & BuÅ›, M. M. (2016). Hill forest dweller: a new cryptic species of Rhinolophus in the'pusillus group'(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Thailand and Lao PDR. Acta Chiropterologica, 18(1), 117-139.	Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_refulgens	0	unmatched	NA	1																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		refulgens	Andersen	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	0.169444	Glossy Horseshoe Bat	None.		Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia	Not listed.	Least Concern under Rhinolophus lepidus 	Distinct from lepidus ; see Soisook et al. (2016).	Rhinolophus refulgens	1004731	23	Glossy Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	refulgens	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_refulgens	Andersen, K. (1905). On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on Their Natural Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six New Forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 124.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207536#page/166/mode/1up	BM 1898.11.29.2		"Malay Peninsula: Perak; Selangor."			refulgens K. Andersen, 1905	split from R. lepidus	Soisook, P., Karapan, S., Srikrachang, M., Dejtaradol, A., Nualcharoen, K., Bumrungsri, S., ... & BuÅ›, M. M. (2016). Hill forest dweller: a new cryptic species of Rhinolophus in the'pusillus group'(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Thailand and Lao PDR. Acta Chiropterologica, 18(1), 117-139.				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_refulgens	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_refulgens	1004731	23	Glossy Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	refulgens	Andersen	0	Rhinolophus refulgens	Andersen, K.C. 1905-10-07. On some bats of the genus _Rhinolophus_, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1905-II(1):75-145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207585	BMNH:Mamm:1898.11.29.2	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/aead5920-9d39-446f-969d-d12d2007272b	"Malay Peninsula: Perak; Selangor."			split from R. lepidus	Soisook, P., Karapan, S., Srikrachang, M., Dejtaradol, A., Nualcharoen, K., Bumrungsri, S., ... & BuÅ›, M. M. (2016). Hill forest dweller: a new cryptic species of Rhinolophus in the'pusillus group'(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Thailand and Lao PDR. Acta Chiropterologica, 18(1), 117-139.				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya	NE	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_refulgens	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		refulgens	K. Andersen	1906	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	0.169444	Glossy Horseshoe Bat	None.		Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	Distinct from lepidus; see Soisook et al. (2016).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus refulgens; Rhinolophus refulgens; Rhinolophus refulgens; Rhinolophus refulgens; refulgens; cuneatus; refulgens; Glossy Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe irisé; Glänzende Hufeisennase; Herradura iriscente; Glossy Horseshoe Bat; Glossy Horseshoe Bat; R. refulgens