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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1426	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus pusillus		[MSW2] Includes blythi, minutillus, and pagi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980:186). Corbet and Hill (1980:49) listed minutillus as a distinct species without comment.; [MSW3] pusillus species group. Includes blythi, minutillus, and pagi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). May include cornutus, pumilus, and perditus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792.; [HMW] Rhinolophus /wsz'ZZws Temminck, 1834 , “ Java ,” Indonesia . Rhinolophus pusillus is placed in the pusillus species group. Race blythi is occasionally treated as a separate species, but is best included in R pusiUus for the present until further studies clarify its relationship with other populations of R pusillus . Rhinolophus pusillus, as currently constituted, is paraphyletic with respect to R lepidus , R monticolus , R shortridgei , and R monoceros , and it may well represent a species complex. Distinctions between subspecies are poorly demarcated, as are the respective distributions, and a detailed study is needed to resolve the several issues surrounding this species. Nine subspecies are tentatively recognized.; [batnames2022]  pusillus species group. Includes blythi,  minutillus,  pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus,  monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).; [IUCN] This is a new taxonomic concept for R. pusillus . Previously it included also R. pusillus monoceros and R. pusillus cornutus now raised to species level (Wu et al. 2012).; [batnames2023]  pusillus species group. Includes blythi,  minutillus,  pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus,  monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).; [batnames2025_1.7] pusillus species group. Includes blythi, minutillus, pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus, monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).		(blythi)		blythi, minutillus, pagi	(gracilis) (blythi) (minutillus)	blythi, calidus, gracilis, minutillus, pagi, parcus, szechwanus.	blythi, gracilis, szechwanus, calidus, parcus, minutillus, pagi, pusillus	pusillus, blythi, calidus, gracilis, lakkhanae, minutillus, pagi, parcus, szechwanus	minor; minutillus - minutus	pusillus, blythi, calidus, gracilis, lakkhanae, minutillus, pagi, parcus, szechwanus		pusillus, blythi, calidus, gracilis, lakkhanae, minutillus, pagi, parcus, szechwanus	pusillus- minor; minutillus - minutus	minor, pusillus, minutus, gracilis, minutillus, blythi, szechwanus, calidus, parcus, pagi, lakkhanae	This is a new taxonomic concept for R. pusillus . Previously it included also R. pusillus monoceros and R. pusillus cornutus now raised to species level (Wu et al. 2012).	pusillus, blythi, calidus, gracilis, lakkhanae, minutillus, pagi, parcus, szechwanus	pusillus - minor; minutillus - minutus	minor, pusillus, minutus, gracilis, minutillus, blythi, szechwanus, calidus, parcus, pagi, lakkhanae	minor, pusillus, minutus, gracilis, minutillus, blythi, szechwanus, calidus, parcus, pagi, lakkhanae, lakkahanae	blythi, calidus, gracilis, lakkhanae, minutillus, pagi, parcus, pusillus, szechwanus	minutillus - minutus; pusillus - minor	minor Horsfield, 1823 [preoccupied]|pusillus Temminck, 1834|minutus G. S. Miller, 1900 [preoccupied]|gracilis Andersen, 1905|minutillus G. S. Miller, 1906 [nomen novum]|blythi Andersen, 1918|szechwanus Andersen, 1918|calidus G. M. Allen, 1923|parcus G. M. Allen, 1928|pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939|lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990|lakkahanae Kaneko & K. Maeda, 2002 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NE India, S China – Java	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus pusillus	Indonesia, Java.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:29.	Distribution: Ranging from India to south ern China, south to Malaya, also the Mentawai islands, Anamba islands, Borneo and Java.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Least horseshoe bat	Tibet, NE India, S China – Java, Borneo	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Temminck	1834	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol., 1:29.	Includes blythi, minutillus, and pagi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980:186). Corbet and Hill (1980:49) listed minutillus as a distinct species without comment.	India; Thailand; W Malaysia; Mentawai Isis, Java and Lesser Sunda Isis (Indonesia), small adjacent islands.	Indonesia, Java.		TEMMINCK	1834	Connecting process usually triangular in profile but with some variation. Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-40 mm; total length of skull, 15-16 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 5.7-6.0 mm). Median rostral swellings not enlar ged.	Distribution: Ranging from India to south ern China, south to Malaya, also the Mentawai islands, Anamba islands, Borneo and Java.	Eight subspecies are currently recognized:	R.p. blythi (northwestern India), R.p. gracilis (southern India), R. p. szechwanus (northeastern India, Burma, southwestern China, Thailand), R. p. calidus (eastern Chi na, Vietnam), R. p. parcus (Hainan island), R. p. minutillus (Malay peninsula, Anamba islands), R. p. pagi (Mentawai islands), R. p. pusillus (Java, Borneo).	55	species	R. pusillus	TEMMINCK	1834	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus pusillus				Connecting process usually triangular in profile but with some variation. Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-40 mm; total length of skull, 15-16 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 5.7-6.0 mm). Median rostral swellings not enlar ged.	Eight subspecies are currently recognized:		31. R. pusillus TEMMINCK 1834 [pusillus group].	31	_R. p. blythi_ Andersen, 1918; _R. p. calidus_ Allen, 1923; _R. p. gracilis_ Andersen, 1905; _R. p. lakkhanae_ Yoshiyuki, 1990; _R. p. minutillus_ Miller, 1906 (synonyms: _minutus_ Miller, 1900); _R. p. pagi_ Tate & Archbold, 1939; _R. p. parcus_ Allen, 1928; _R. p. pusillus_ Temminck, 1834 (synonyms: _minor_ Horsfield, 1823); _R. p. szechwanus_ Andersen, 1918			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus		pusillus	Temminck		1834		Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1		29		Least Horseshoe Bat	Indonesia, Java.	India; Nepal; Thailand; Burma; Laos; S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Mentawai Isls, Java and Lesser Sunda Isls (Indonesia), small adjacent islands. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	minor Horsfeld, 1823 [not Kerr, 1792]; blythi K. Andersen, 1918; calidus G. M. Allen, 1923; gracilis K. Andersen, 1905; lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990; minutillus Miller, 1906; minutus Miller, 1900 [not Montague, 1808]; pagi Tate and Archbold, 1939; parcus Allen, 1928; szechwanus K. Andersen, 1918.	pusillus species group. Includes blythi, minutillus, and pagi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). May include cornutus, pumilus, and perditus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792.	885887A2FFEC8A0AF8B7FA74F4D6CB66	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	313	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFED8A0BFF69F855F71AD1EF.xml	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	pusillus	Temminck	1834	Least Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe pusille @fr | Kleinste Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de nariz pequena @es	Rhinolophus /wsz'ZZws Temminck, 1834 , “ Java ,” Indonesia . Rhinolophus pusillus is placed in the pusillus species group. Race blythi is occasionally treated as a separate species, but is best included in R pusiUus for the present until further studies clarify its relationship with other populations of R pusillus . Rhinolophus pusillus, as currently constituted, is paraphyletic with respect to R lepidus , R monticolus , R shortridgei , and R monoceros , and it may well represent a species complex. Distinctions between subspecies are poorly demarcated, as are the respective distributions, and a detailed study is needed to resolve the several issues surrounding this species. Nine subspecies are tentatively recognized.	R .p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra , N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I ), W Java , and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen , 1918 - N India ( Uttarakhand , Sikkim , West Bengal , Assam , Meghalaya , and Arunachal Pradesh ), Nepal , Bhutan , and SE Bangladesh . R.p. calidus G. M. Allen , 1923 -SE China ( Guizhou , Guangxi , Guangdong , and Fujian , along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen , 1905 - S India ( Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , Kerala , and Tamil Nadu ). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China ( Yunnan ), Thailand , Laos , Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia , and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen , 1928 - Hainan I, China . R. p. szechwanus K Andersen , 1918 - Myanmar and C China ( Sichuan , Guizhou , Hubei , and probably Yunnan ).	Head-body 30-42 mm , tail 13-26 mm , ear 13—20 mm , hindfoot 6-8 mm , forearm 33-41- 6 mm ; weight 3- 3-8 g . Dorsal pelage is dark brown to smoky gray or cinnamon brown, and ventral pelage grayish white or reddish, matching dorsum but paler. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has variable lancet that ranges from elongate with concave sides to short and nearly triangular with parallel sides; connecting process is generally triangular (or hom-shaped, curving forward in some individuals); sella is slightly constricted medially, gradually narrowing to widely rounded tip; horseshoe is relatively wide ( 6-8 mm ) with small median emargination, and lacks lateral leaflets. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Baculum is very large for horseshoe bat, has distinct but weak dorsal bend at tip and base, roughly cylindrical shaft, thin, rounded, and laterally widened tip, and wide basal cone with deep emargination. Skull is moderately robust (zygomatic breadth is usually subequal to mastoid breadth but can be either slightly larger or smaller); anterior median swellings are very small; posterior swellings are more or less well inflated; rostral profile is nearly straight or slightly sloping posteriorly; sagittal crest is weakly to moderately developed; frontal depression is shallow or nearly straight; supraorbital crests are inconspicuous and low. C1 is moderately long; P2 is well developed and in the tooth row, separating C1 from P4; P3 is minute to mediumsized and usually extruded from the tooth row; P2 and P4 are variably separated or in contact. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FN = 63 (Hainan) or 64 ( Thailand ).	A variety of forest habitats at elevations of 200-1370 m , ranging from mature primary forests to disturbed forests.	The Least Horseshoe Bat probably forages for insects by perchhunting; it has been observed foraging among clumps of bamboo and small limestone boulders. Five fecal samples in Beijing consisted of Diptera (45% by volume), Lepidoptera (42%), and Coleoptera (13%).	Very little is known about its breeding biology, but pregnant females were captured in mid-May, and lactating females in mid-June in Guangxi .	Least Horseshoe Bats usually roost in caves by day, although roosts have also been recorded in the roofs of bungalows. They emerge from their day roosts to forage through the night, and have been observed leaving their roosts in early evening (18:00 h) in Myanmar , dispersing by 18:30 h. Search call shape is FM/CF/FM, with a peak F of 105-2-109-7 kHz in Beijing and 111-2 kHz in Guangxi, 108-9-114-1 kHz in Cambodia (start frequencies of 95—111 kHz and end frequencies of 95-105 kHz), and 92-5 kHz in Peninsular Malaysia ; and a call duration of 20—50 milliseconds (mean of 40 milliseconds) in China and 14-7-34-1 milliseconds in Cambodia (interpulse interval of 18-2-38-6 milliseconds).	Day roosts vary from a few individuals to thousands. In north-western Thailand , Least Horseshoe Bats were observed roosting in clusters of 55-1500 individuals in a cave.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Least Horseshoe Bat is widespread and appears to be common throughout much of its distribution. However, the species as currently constituted may well comprise a group of several species with smaller distributions; once the taxonomy is clarified further, the conservation status of the different forms may change.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates et al. (2004) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Dejtaradol (2009) | Francis (2008a) | Harada (1985) | Hutson, Kingston &Walston (2008) | JiangTinglei , Metzner et al. (2010) | Li Gang et al. (2006) | Ma Xin et al. (2016) | Malia (2000) | Patawang et al. (2017) | Phauk et al. (2013) | Saha et al. (2017a) | Sinha (1973) | Smith & XieYan (2008) | Soisook et al. (2016) | Struebig et al. (2005) | Wei Song et al. (2012) | WuYi & Harada (2005) | WuYi , Motokawa, Harada et al. (2012) | WuYi , Motokawa, LiYuchun et al. (2009) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750044/files/figure.png	69 . Least Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus pusillus French: Rhinolophe pusille / German: Kleinste Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de nariz pequena Taxonomy. Rhinolophus /wsz'ZZws Temminck, 1834 , “ Java ,” Indonesia . Rhinolophus pusillus is placed in the pusillus species group. Race blythi is occasionally treated as a separate species, but is best included in R pusiUus for the present until further studies clarify its relationship with other populations of R pusillus . Rhinolophus pusillus, as currently constituted, is paraphyletic with respect to R lepidus , R monticolus , R shortridgei , and R monoceros , and it may well represent a species complex. Distinctions between subspecies are poorly demarcated, as are the respective distributions, and a detailed study is needed to resolve the several issues surrounding this species. Nine subspecies are tentatively recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R .p. pusillus Temminck, 1834 - N Sumatra , N, E & S Borneo (including Banggi I ), W Java , and Bali I. R. p. blythi K. Andersen , 1918 - N India ( Uttarakhand , Sikkim , West Bengal , Assam , Meghalaya , and Arunachal Pradesh ), Nepal , Bhutan , and SE Bangladesh . R.p. calidus G. M. Allen , 1923 -SE China ( Guizhou , Guangxi , Guangdong , and Fujian , along with a recent record from Beijing area that may represent this subspecies). R. p. gracilis K. Andersen , 1905 - S India ( Andhra Pradesh , Karnataka , Kerala , and Tamil Nadu ). R.p. lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990 - S China ( Yunnan ), Thailand , Laos , Vietnam (including Cat Ba I), Cambodia , and Peninsular Malaysia (including Tioman I). R.p. minutillusG. S. Miller, 1906 —Anambas Is (Siantan). R.p. pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939 — Mentawai Is (North Pagai). R.p. parcus G. M. Allen , 1928 - Hainan I, China . R. p. szechwanus K Andersen , 1918 - Myanmar and C China ( Sichuan , Guizhou , Hubei , and probably Yunnan ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 30-42 mm , tail 13-26 mm , ear 13—20 mm , hindfoot 6-8 mm , forearm 33-41- 6 mm ; weight 3- 3-8 g . Dorsal pelage is dark brown to smoky gray or cinnamon brown, and ventral pelage grayish white or reddish, matching dorsum but paler. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has variable lancet that ranges from elongate with concave sides to short and nearly triangular with parallel sides; connecting process is generally triangular (or hom-shaped, curving forward in some individuals); sella is slightly constricted medially, gradually narrowing to widely rounded tip; horseshoe is relatively wide ( 6-8 mm ) with small median emargination, and lacks lateral leaflets. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Baculum is very large for horseshoe bat, has distinct but weak dorsal bend at tip and base, roughly cylindrical shaft, thin, rounded, and laterally widened tip, and wide basal cone with deep emargination. Skull is moderately robust (zygomatic breadth is usually subequal to mastoid breadth but can be either slightly larger or smaller); anterior median swellings are very small; posterior swellings are more or less well inflated; rostral profile is nearly straight or slightly sloping posteriorly; sagittal crest is weakly to moderately developed; frontal depression is shallow or nearly straight; supraorbital crests are inconspicuous and low. C1 is moderately long; P2 is well developed and in the tooth row, separating C1 from P4; P3 is minute to mediumsized and usually extruded from the tooth row; P2 and P4 are variably separated or in contact. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FN = 63 (Hainan) or 64 ( Thailand ). Habitat. A variety of forest habitats at elevations of 200-1370 m , ranging from mature primary forests to disturbed forests. Food and Feeding. The Least Horseshoe Bat probably forages for insects by perchhunting; it has been observed foraging among clumps of bamboo and small limestone boulders. Five fecal samples in Beijing consisted of Diptera (45% by volume), Lepidoptera (42%), and Coleoptera (13%). Breeding. Very little is known about its breeding biology, but pregnant females were captured in mid-May, and lactating females in mid-June in Guangxi . Activity patterns. Least Horseshoe Bats usually roost in caves by day, although roosts have also been recorded in the roofs of bungalows. They emerge from their day roosts to forage through the night, and have been observed leaving their roosts in early evening (18:00 h) in Myanmar , dispersing by 18:30 h. Search call shape is FM/CF/FM, with a peak F of 105-2-109-7 kHz in Beijing and 111-2 kHz in Guangxi, 108-9-114-1 kHz in Cambodia (start frequencies of 95—111 kHz and end frequencies of 95-105 kHz), and 92-5 kHz in Peninsular Malaysia ; and a call duration of 20—50 milliseconds (mean of 40 milliseconds) in China and 14-7-34-1 milliseconds in Cambodia (interpulse interval of 18-2-38-6 milliseconds). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Day roosts vary from a few individuals to thousands. In north-western Thailand , Least Horseshoe Bats were observed roosting in clusters of 55-1500 individuals in a cave. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Least Horseshoe Bat is widespread and appears to be common throughout much of its distribution. However, the species as currently constituted may well comprise a group of several species with smaller distributions; once the taxonomy is clarified further, the conservation status of the different forms may change. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates eta/. (2004), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba eta/. (2003), Dejtaradol (2009), Francis (2008a), Harada (1985), Hutson, Kingston &Walston (2008), JiangTinglei , Metzner eta/. (2010), Li Gang eta/. (2006), Ma Xin eta/. (2016), Malia (2000), Patawang et al. (2017), Phauk eta/. (2013), Saha et al. (2017a), Sinha (1973), Smith & XieYan (2008), Soisook eta /. (2016), Struebig eta/. (2005), Wei Song eta/. (2012), WuYi & Harada (2005), WuYi , Motokawa, Harada et al. (2012), WuYi , Motokawa, LiYuchun eta/. (2009), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus pusillus	Rhinolophus		pusillus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:29	Least Horseshoe Bat	 minor Horsfeld, 1823 [not Kerr, 1792]; <b> blythi </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b> calidus </b> G. M. Allen, 1923; <b> gracilis </b> K. Andersen, 1905; <b>lakkhanae</b> Yoshiyuki, 1990; <b> minutillus </b> Miller, 1906; minutus Miller, 1900 [not Montague, 1808]; <b>pagi</b> Tate and Archbold, 1939; <b>parcus</b> Allen, 1928; <b> szechwanus </b> K. Andersen, 1918.	Indonesia, Java.	India; Nepal; Thailand; Burma; Laos; Tibet and all but the northern most provinces of China; Peninsular Malaysia; Mentawai Isls, Java and Lesser Sunda Isls (Indonesia), small adjacent islands. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 pusillus species group. Includes blythi,  minutillus,  pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus,  monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus pusillus	23	Least Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pusillus	Temminck	1834	0	Rhinolophus_pusillus	Temminck, C. J. (1834). Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, Bladneus Genaamd. (Rhinolophus Geoff., Cuv., Illig., Dem.; Vespertilio Linn., Erxleb.; Noctilio Kuhl). Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis, 1, 29.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48142#page/51/mode/1up	RMNH 35177 [lectotype]		"Java," Indonesia.			minor Horsfield, 1823 [preoccupied]|pusillus Temminck, 1834|minutus G. S. Miller, 1900 [preoccupied]|gracilis K. Andersen, 1905|minutillus G. S. Miller, 1906|blythi K. Andersen, 1918|szechwanus K. Andersen, 1918|calidus G. M. Allen, 1923|parcus G. M. Allen, 1928|pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939|lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990	NA	NA	India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Malaysia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Rhinolophus pusillus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	pusillus	Temminck, 1834	This is a new taxonomic concept for R. pusillus . Previously it included also R. pusillus monoceros and R. pusillus cornutus now raised to species level (Wu et al. 2012).	20000000	Rhinolophus pusillus	Least Concern		2019	2018-07-26 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species is widespread and locally common. There are no major threats and it occurs in many protected areas throughout its range.	It has been recorded from both primary and secondary tropical moist forest, roosting in caves (up to 1,500 animals in China) and houses (usually a smaller colony size). Animals have been recorded foraging low over bamboo clumps in limestone areas (Molur et al. 2002, Smith and Xie 2008). This species is characterized as a forest-interior specialist that is not readily adaptable to open habitats (Chen et al. 2006).	There appear to be no major threats to this species.	The species population is assumed to be stable as it appears to be widespread and common throughout its range.	Stable	This species is widely distributed in South Asia, southern and southwestern China, and much of Southeast Asia. In South Asia it is is presently known from India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal) and Nepal (Central and Western Nepal) (Molur et al. 2002). Recently collected from Kothaiyar Dam site in Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu (Vanitharani et al. 2005). In China, it has been recorded from Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan Island and Yunnan (Smith and Xie 2008). It appears to be present throughout most of continental Southeast Asia, ranging from Myanmar in the west, to Viet Nam in the east and as far south as Peninsular Malaysia. It has also been recorded from Indonesia (including the Mentawi Islands and the islands of Sumatra, Java and Bali), and from Kalimantan (Indonesia) and Sabah (Malaysia). In South Asia it has been recorded from 200 to 1,370 m asl (Molur et al. 2002).		Terrestrial	The species has been recorded from Phamong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary in Sikkim and Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu in India. Ecological studies and population monitoring are needed (Molur et al. 2002). It is present in numerous protected areas in Southeast Asia.	Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		pusillus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:29	Least Horseshoe Bat	 minor Horsfeld, 1823 [not Kerr, 1792]; <b> blythi </b> K. Andersen, 1918; <b> calidus </b> G. M. Allen, 1923; <b> gracilis </b> K. Andersen, 1905; <b>lakkhanae</b> Yoshiyuki, 1990; <b> minutillus </b> Miller, 1906; minutus Miller, 1900 [not Montague, 1808]; <b>pagi</b> Tate and Archbold, 1939; <b>parcus</b> Allen, 1928; <b> szechwanus </b> K. Andersen, 1918.	Indonesia, Java.	India; Nepal; Thailand; Burma; Laos; Tibet and all but the northern most provinces of China; Peninsular Malaysia; Mentawai Isls, Java and Lesser Sunda Isls (Indonesia), small adjacent islands. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 pusillus species group. Includes blythi,  minutillus,  pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus,  monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).	Rhinolophus pusillus	1004730	23	Least Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pusillus	Temminck	1834	0	Rhinolophus_pusillus	Temminck, C. J. (1834). Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, Bladneus Genaamd. (Rhinolophus Geoff., Cuv., Illig., Dem.; Vespertilio Linn., Erxleb.; Noctilio Kuhl). Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis, 1, 29.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48142#page/51/mode/1up	RMNH 35177 [lectotype]		"Java," Indonesia.			minor Horsfield, 1823 [preoccupied]|pusillus Temminck, 1834|minutus G. S. Miller, 1900 [preoccupied]|gracilis K. Andersen, 1905|minutillus G. S. Miller, 1906|blythi K. Andersen, 1918|szechwanus K. Andersen, 1918|calidus G. M. Allen, 1923|parcus G. M. Allen, 1928|pagi Tate & Archbold, 1939|lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990	NA	NA				India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Malaysia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_pusillus	1004730	23	Least Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pusillus	Temminck	0	Rhinolophus pusillus	Temminck, C.J. 1834. Over een geslacht der vleugelhandige zoogdieren, _Bladneus_ genaamd. (_Rhinolophus_ Geoff., Cuv., Illig, Desm.; _Vespertilio_ Linn., Erxleb.; _Noctilio_ Kuhl). Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie 1:1-30.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13473243	RMNH.MAM.35177	lectotype	https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/RMNH.MAM.35177	"Java," Indonesia.			NA	NA				India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Vietnam|Laos|Cambodia|Malaysia|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pusillus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		pusillus	Temminck	1834	0	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol.	1:29	Least Horseshoe Bat	minor Horsfeld, 1823 [not Kerr, 1792]; blythi K. Andersen, 1918; calidus G. M. Allen, 1923; gracilis K. Andersen, 1905; lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990; minutillus Miller, 1906; minutus Miller, 1900 [not Montague, 1808]; pagi Tate and Archbold, 1939; parcus Allen, 1928; szechwanus K. Andersen, 1918.	Indonesia, Java.	India; Nepal; Thailand; Burma; Laos; Tibet and all but the northern most provinces of China; Peninsular Malaysia; Mentawai Isls, Java and Lesser Sunda Isls (Indonesia), small adjacent islands. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85707059/21994916/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	pusillus species group. Includes blythi, minutillus, pagi and pumilis; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Li et al. (2006). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). Does not include cornutus, monceros, or perditus; see Wu et al. (2012). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792. May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus pusillus; Rhinolophus pusillus; Rhinolophus pusillus; Rhinolophus pusillus; Rhinolophus pusillus; Rhinolophus pusillus; pusillus; blythi; calidus; gracilis; lakkhanae; minutillus; pagi; parcus; szechwanus; minor; minutillus - minutus; pusillus; blythi; calidus; gracilis; lakkhanae; minutillus; pagi; parcus; szechwanus; blythi; calidus; gracilis; lakkhanae; minutillus; pagi; parcus; szechwanus; minor; minutillus - minutus; minor; pusillus; minutus; gracilis; minutillus; blythi; szechwanus; calidus; parcus; pagi; lakkhanae; Least Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe pusille; Kleinste Hufeisennase; Herradura de nariz pequena; Least Horseshoe Bat; Least Horseshoe Bat; Least Horseshoe Bat; R. pusillus