http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1419	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus pearsoni	Rhinolophus pearsoni	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsoni	Rhinolophus pearsoni	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus pearsonii		[MSW3] pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993).; [HMW] Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 , “ Daijeeling ,” West Bengal , India . Rhinolophus pearsonii is placed in the pearsonii species group. Distributional limits of races are uncertain. Two subspecies recognized .; [batnames2022]  pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).; [IUCN] This species belongs to pearsonii species group. Earlier considered similar to Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 (Andersen 1905, Tate and Archbold 1939, Tate 1943, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now treated as distinct (Hill 1986, Yoshiyuki 1990, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press).; [batnames2023]  pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).; [batnames2025_1.7] pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).						chinensis.	pearsoni, chinensis	pearsonii, chinensis	larvatus	pearsonii, chinensis		pearsonii, chinensis	pearsonii - larvatus	pearsonii, larvatus, chinensis	This species belongs to pearsonii species group. Earlier considered similar to Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 (Andersen 1905, Tate and Archbold 1939, Tate 1943, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now treated as distinct (Hill 1986, Yoshiyuki 1990, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press).	pearsonii, chinensis	pearsonii - larvatus	pearsonii, larvatus, chinensis	pearsonii, pearsoni, larvatus, chinensis	chinensis, pearsonii 	pearsonii - larvatus	pearsonii Horsfield, 1851|pearsoni E. Blyth, 1863 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|larvatus A. Milne-Edwards in A. David, 1871 [preoccupied]|chinensis Andersen, 1905		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		NE India – Indochina	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus pearsoni	India, W. Bengal, Darjeeling.	Horsfield	1851	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co., p. 33.	Distribution: Ranging from northern India and southern China south to Malaya.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Pearson's horseshoe bat	NE India – S China, Indochina; ref. 4.116	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Horsfield	1851	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co., p. 33.		N India; Burma; Szechwan, Anhwei, and Fukien (China) to Vietnam; Thailand; W Malaysia.	India, W Bengal, Darjeeling.		HORSFIELD	1851	Zygomatic width greater than mastoid width. Up per incisors relatively large and approximated. Sella moderately high and broad with poorly de veloped lappets at its base; internarial lobes at base of sella forming a broad, rather flat saucer. Third metacarpal short. Lateral mental grooves absent. Size medium (forearm length, 48-56 mm).	Distribution: Ranging from northern India and southern China south to Malaya.	Two sub species are recognized:	R. p. pearsoni (northern India to southwestern China), R. p. chinensis (southeastern China to Malaya).	58	species	R. pearsoni	HORSFIELD	1851	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus pearsoni				Zygomatic width greater than mastoid width. Up per incisors relatively large and approximated. Sella moderately high and broad with poorly de veloped lappets at its base; internarial lobes at base of sella forming a broad, rather flat saucer. Third metacarpal short. Lateral mental grooves absent. Size medium (forearm length, 48-56 mm).	Two sub species are recognized:		53. R. pearsoni HORSFIELD 1851 [luctus group],	53	_R. p. chinensis_ Andersen, 1905; _R. p. pearsonii_ Horsfield, 1851 (synonyms: _larvatus_ Milne-Edwards, 1871)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus		pearsonii	Horsfield		1851		Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co.			33		Pearson's Horseshoe Bat	India, W Bengal, Darjeeling.	N India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma; Tibet, Szechwan, Anhwei, and Fukien (China) to Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [not Horsfield, 1823]; chinensis K. Andersen, 1905.	pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993).	885887A2FFEF8A08F8ADF66FFC95D040	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	332	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFFA8A1CFF01F5D8F291D0BB.xml	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe de Pearson @fr | Pearson-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Pearson @es	Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 , “ Daijeeling ,” West Bengal , India . Rhinolophus pearsonii is placed in the pearsonii species group. Distributional limits of races are uncertain. Two subspecies recognized .	R. p. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - N India ( Uttarakhand , Sikkim , West Bengal , Assam, Meghalaya , and Mizoram ), Nepal , Bhutan , Bangladesh ,, S & SE China ( Xizang , Sichuan , Yunnan , Shaanxi , Guizhou , Guangxi , Hubei , Hunan , and Guangdong ), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos , Vietnam , and Cambodia . R.p. chinensis K. Andersen, 1905 - SE China ( Anhui , Zhejiang , Jiangxi , and Fujian ).	Head-body 54-68 mm , tail 16-29 mm , ear 23-29 mm , hindfoot 12-14 mm , forearm 47-57 mm ; weight 13-20 g . Fur is dense and long with a woolly texture; dorsal pelage is mid-chestnut brown, while ventral pelage is lighter. Ears are large. Noseleaf has a moderately long and generally triangular lancet that is nearly parallel-sided; connecting process originates at the sella tip and forms a low round arch; sella is widened basally , suddenly constricted for the rest, being parallel-sided up to the rounded tip; horseshoe is wide (9-8-12- 8 mm ), completely covering the muzzle, and has a deep median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively small; basal cone is large and dorso-proximal margin is deeply notched; ventral incision of the base is shaped like equilateral triangular, with a widely rounded distal portion; dorsal knob of the base is very high; ventral surface of the base has a wide median depression; shaft is dorsoventrally expanded and laterally flattened; tip is nearly rounded. Skull is strong (zygomatic width greater than mastoid width); braincase is wide and short; zygomatics are massive; anterior median swellings are low and longer than wide; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are small; sagittal crest is high to very high; supraorbital crests are moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed. C1 is not exceptionally strong; P2 is small to medium-sized with a small cusp, and is generally within the tooth row but sometimes slightly extruded; P3 is small to very small and extruded to a variable extent from the tooth row, or occasionally missing; P2 and P 4 are touching. Dental formula is the typical of 32 teeth or 30 when a lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 62 ( Guizhou ), or 2n = 42 and FNa = 64 ( Anhui ).	Montane forests, bamboo forests, cultivated areas, and limestone areas. Recorded at elevations of 160-3380 m .	Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat forages for insects by aerial-hawking and perch-hunting. It appears to feed mainly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera but has also been reported feeding, in smaller quantities, on Hemiptera, Hymenoptera , Orthoptera, Megaloptera, and Plecoptera. In Jiangxi , China , during summer, diet consisted of Coleoptera (57-7% by volume), Lepidoptera (24-7%), Hemiptera (15-9%), Hymenoptera (0-35%), Orthoptera (0-39%), Homoptera (0-42%), and unknown arthropod remains (0-46%).	Young have been reported in May and June in China .	In South Asia, Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat roosts by day in caves in hilly areas; it appears to be associated with limestone caves. Oddly , this species has been observed torpid or in hibernation while other Rhinolophus species sharing the same cave are active, in Vietnam (in November) and Thailand (in July). Call shape is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 63-9—70 kHz ( Anhui , Jiangxi , and Fujian , China ), 57-6-61-6 kHz ( Guangxi , China ), 65 kHz in Thailand , 53-6 kHz in Cambodia , and 56-59 kHz in Laos .	Pearson’s Horseshoe Bats roost in small clusters in caves, with up to 35 bats reported in clusters in Thailand . They have been observed roosting with other Rhinolophus .	Classified as Least Concern on The JCN ed List. In South Asia, while Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat is still common and widely distributed, a decline is suspected in the Himalayas because of continuous habitat degradation due to deforestation for timber and firewood, and conversion of the land for agricultural use. It is common in South-east Asia.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Bates, Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008e) | Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004) | Chen Min et al. (2004) | Chheang et al. (2013) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Francis (2008a) | Hill (1986 b) | Jiang Tinglei , Feng Jiang et al. (2008) | Jiang Tinglei , Lu Guanjun et al. (2013) | Khan (2001) | Kruskop (2013a) | Lunde et al. (2007) | Mao Xiuguang, NieWenhui et al. (2007) | Mao Xiuguang, Zhang Shuyi & Rossiter (2016) | Molur et al. (2002) | Sinha (1973) | Smith & XieYan (2008) | Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012) | Stoffberg et al. (2010) | Zhang Libiao , Jones et al. (2009) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018) | Zhang Weidao (1985) | Zhou Jiang et al. (2002)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750128/files/figure.png	108 . Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus pearsonii French: Rhinolophe de Pearson / German: Pearson-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Pearson Taxonomy. Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 , “ Daijeeling ,” West Bengal , India . Rhinolophus pearsonii is placed in the pearsonii species group. Distributional limits of races are uncertain. Two subspecies recognized . Subspecies and Distribution. R. p. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - N India ( Uttarakhand , Sikkim , West Bengal , Assam, Meghalaya , and Mizoram ), Nepal , Bhutan , Bangladesh ,, S & SE China ( Xizang , Sichuan , Yunnan , Shaanxi , Guizhou , Guangxi , Hubei , Hunan , and Guangdong ), Myanmar, Thailand, Laos , Vietnam , and Cambodia . R.p. chinensis K. Andersen, 1905 - SE China ( Anhui , Zhejiang , Jiangxi , and Fujian ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 54-68 mm , tail 16-29 mm , ear 23-29 mm , hindfoot 12-14 mm , forearm 47-57 mm ; weight 13-20 g . Fur is dense and long with a woolly texture; dorsal pelage is mid-chestnut brown, while ventral pelage is lighter. Ears are large. Noseleaf has a moderately long and generally triangular lancet that is nearly parallel-sided; connecting process originates at the sella tip and forms a low round arch; sella is widened basally , suddenly constricted for the rest, being parallel-sided up to the rounded tip; horseshoe is wide (9-8-12- 8 mm ), completely covering the muzzle, and has a deep median emargination. Lower lip has one mental groove. Baculum is relatively small; basal cone is large and dorso-proximal margin is deeply notched; ventral incision of the base is shaped like equilateral triangular, with a widely rounded distal portion; dorsal knob of the base is very high; ventral surface of the base has a wide median depression; shaft is dorsoventrally expanded and laterally flattened; tip is nearly rounded. Skull is strong (zygomatic width greater than mastoid width); braincase is wide and short; zygomatics are massive; anterior median swellings are low and longer than wide; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior swellings are small; sagittal crest is high to very high; supraorbital crests are moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed. C1 is not exceptionally strong; P2 is small to medium-sized with a small cusp, and is generally within the tooth row but sometimes slightly extruded; P3 is small to very small and extruded to a variable extent from the tooth row, or occasionally missing; P2 and P 4 are touching. Dental formula is the typical of 32 teeth or 30 when a lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 62 ( Guizhou ), or 2n = 42 and FNa = 64 ( Anhui ). Habitat. Montane forests, bamboo forests, cultivated areas, and limestone areas. Recorded at elevations of 160-3380 m . Food and Feeding. Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat forages for insects by aerial-hawking and perch-hunting. It appears to feed mainly on Lepidoptera and Coleoptera but has also been reported feeding, in smaller quantities, on Hemiptera, Hymenoptera , Orthoptera, Megaloptera, and Plecoptera. In Jiangxi , China , during summer, diet consisted of Coleoptera (57-7% by volume), Lepidoptera (24-7%), Hemiptera (15-9%), Hymenoptera (0-35%), Orthoptera (0-39%), Homoptera (0-42%), and unknown arthropod remains (0-46%). Breeding. Young have been reported in May and June in China . Activity patterns. In South Asia, Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat roosts by day in caves in hilly areas; it appears to be associated with limestone caves. Oddly , this species has been observed torpid or in hibernation while other Rhinolophus species sharing the same cave are active, in Vietnam (in November) and Thailand (in July). Call shape is FM/ CF/FM with a peak F recorded at 63-9—70 kHz ( Anhui , Jiangxi , and Fujian , China ), 57-6-61-6 kHz ( Guangxi , China ), 65 kHz in Thailand , 53-6 kHz in Cambodia , and 56-59 kHz in Laos . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Pearson’s Horseshoe Bats roost in small clusters in caves, with up to 35 bats reported in clusters in Thailand . They have been observed roosting with other Rhinolophus . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The JCN ed List. In South Asia, while Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat is still common and widely distributed, a decline is suspected in the Himalayas because of continuous habitat degradation due to deforestation for timber and firewood, and conversion of the land for agricultural use. It is common in South-east Asia. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates, Bumrungsri & Csorba (2008e), Bates, Thi Mar-Mar et al. (2004), Chen Min et al. (2004), Chheang et al. (2013), Csorba et al. (2003), Francis (2008a), Hill (1986 b ), Jiang Tinglei , Feng Jiang et al. (2008), Jiang Tinglei , Lu Guanjun et al. (2013), Khan (2001), Kruskop (2013a), Lunde et al. (2007), Mao Xiuguang, NieWenhui et al. (2007), Mao Xiuguang, Zhang Shuyi & Rossiter (2016), Molur et al. (2002), Sinha (1973), Smith & XieYan (2008), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2012), Stoffberg et al. (2010), Zhang Libiao , Jones et al. (2009), Zhang Lin et al. (2018), Zhang Weidao (1985), Zhou Jiang et al. (2002).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Rhinolophus		pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	0	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co.	p. 33	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat	 larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [not Horsfield, 1823]; <b> chinensis </b> K. Andersen, 1905.	India, W Bengal, Darjeeling.	N India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma; Tibet, C and S China to Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus pearsonii	23	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	0						"Darjeeling," West Bengal, India.			pearsonii Horsfield, 1851|larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [preoccupied]|chinensis K. Andersen, 1905	NA	NA	India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19559	Rhinolophus pearsonii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	pearsonii	Horsfield, 1851	This species belongs to pearsonii species group. Earlier considered similar to Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 (Andersen 1905, Tate and Archbold 1939, Tate 1943, Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951), now treated as distinct (Hill 1986, Yoshiyuki 1990, Simmons 2005) (Srinivasulu et al. in press).	20000000	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Confirmed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a degree of habitat modification, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	In South Asia, this species roosts in caves in hilly areas, and is found in montane forests, bamboo forests and cultivated areas (Molur et al. 2002, Bates and Harrison 1997). In Myanmar the species has been recorded from agricultural areas, in Thailand it is found in good forest which is surrounded by agricultural land. The species appears to be associated with limestone caves (P. Bates and S. Bumrungsri pers. comm.). In Viet Nam, it is predominantly found in limestone areas but does not appear to be dependent on this substrate (Furey pers. comm.). In China, it has been recorded hibernating in caves and bomb shelters. In China echolocation call frequencies of this species have been recorded at 65.1 KhZ (male) in Anhui, 66.4 KhZ (male) in Jiangxi, 57.5 KhZ (male) in Hunan, 53.7 KhZ (male) in Guizhou.	In general, there appears to be no major threats to this species as a whole. In South Asia, the habitat of this species is being deforested for timber, firewood and converted for agricultural use in the Himalayas (Molur et al. 2002).	In South Asia, while the species is still common and widely distributed, a declining trend in the population of this species is suspected because of ongoing habitat degradation in the Himalayas (Molur et al. 2002). It is common in Southeast Asia. In China, population declines of this species increased greatly in the last fifteen years and it is not very common anymore.	Unknown	This species is widely distributed in northern South Asia, southeast and central China, and much of continental Southeast Asia. In South Asia it has been recorded from Bangladesh (Khan 2001, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2005), Bhutan (Phuntsholing), India (Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and West Bengal) and Nepal (Central and Eastern Nepal) (Molur et al. 2002). In China, the species has been reported from Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Hunan (Smith and Xie 2008). In Southeast Asia it has been recorded in Myanmar, Viet Nam, Lao PDR, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. It has been recorded from an altitudinal range of 610 to 3,077 m asl (Molur et al. 2002). It has been recorded at an altitude of 123 m in Jiangsu of China.		Terrestrial	There are no direct conservation measures in place for this species. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas in South Asia. Additional studies are needed into the distribution, abundance, breeding biology and general ecology of this species (Molur et al. 2002). It has been recorded in a few protected areas in China. It is not known if the species is present in protected areas in Southeast Asia.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	0	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co.	p. 33	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat	 larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [not Horsfield, 1823]; <b> chinensis </b> K. Andersen, 1905.	India, W Bengal, Darjeeling.	N India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma; Tibet, C and S China to Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).	Rhinolophus pearsonii	1004724	23	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	0						"Darjeeling," West Bengal, India.			pearsonii Horsfield, 1851|larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [preoccupied]|chinensis K. Andersen, 1905	NA	NA				India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	1004724	23	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	pearsonii	Horsfield	0	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Horsfield, T. 1851. A Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. J. & H. Cox, London, 212 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/23832311	BMNH:Mamm:1879.11.21.56	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/aa5395e9-308a-496f-860f-ce3082a1ef8d	"Darjeeling," West Bengal, India.			NA	NA				India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|China|Myanmar|Thailand|Laos|Vietnam|Cambodia	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_pearsonii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		pearsonii	Horsfield	1851	0	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co.	p. 33	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat	larvatus Milne-Edwards, 1872 [not Horsfield, 1823]; chinensis K. Andersen, 1905.	India, W Bengal, Darjeeling.	N India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma; Tibet, C and S China to Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19559/21993105/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993). May contain cryptic diversity; see Chornelia et al. (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus pearsonii; Rhinolophus pearsonii; Rhinolophus pearsonii; Rhinolophus pearsonii; Rhinolophus pearsonii; Rhinolophus pearsonii; pearsonii; chinensis; larvatus; pearsonii; chinensis; chinensis; larvatus; pearsonii; larvatus; chinensis; Pearson’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe de Pearson; Pearson-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Pearson; Pearson's Horseshoe Bat; Pearson's Horseshoe Bat; Pearson's Horseshoe Bat; R. pearsonii