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(1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name 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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1411	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros		Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus monoceros		[MSW2] Probably a subspecies of cornutus.; [MSW3] pusillus species group. May be conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1994), and Csorba (1997). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [HMW] Rhinolophus monoceros K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan ].” Rhinolophus monoceros is included in the pusiUus species group. It appears to be close to the Chinese R pusiUus. Monotypic .; [batnames2022]  pusillus species group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [MDD2022] has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct; [batnames2023]  pusillus species group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [MDD2023] has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct; [MDD2025_2.0] has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct; [batnames2025_1.7] pusillusspecies group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [MDD2025_2.2] has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct														monoceros				monoceros 	monoceros 			monoceros Andersen, 1905		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Taiwan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus monoceros	Taiwan, Baksa.	K. Andersen	1905	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1905:131.	Distribution: Confined to Taiwan.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Taiwan	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	K. Andersen	1905	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1905:131.	Probably a subspecies of cornutus.	Taiwan.	Taiwan, Baksa.		ANDERSEN	1905	Connecting process typically forming a slender sharply pointed horn, but with much va riability. Lancet triangular with nearly straight sides and rounded tip. Size reatively small (fore arm length, 34-39 mm; total length of skull, 14-16 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 5.4-5.7 mm).	Distribution: Confined to Taiwan.	N o subspecies. Probably a subspecies of pusillus.		56	species	R. monoceros	ANDERSEN	1905	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus monoceros				Connecting process typically forming a slender sharply pointed horn, but with much va riability. Lancet triangular with nearly straight sides and rounded tip. Size reatively small (fore arm length, 34-39 mm; total length of skull, 14-16 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 5.4-5.7 mm).	N o subspecies. Probably a subspecies of pusillus.		33. R. monoceros ANDERSEN 1905 [pusillus group].	33	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus		monoceros	K. Andersen		1905		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905	2	131		Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	Taiwan, Baksa.	Taiwan, possibly S China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Microchiropteran Bats Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		pusillus species group. May be conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1994), and Csorba (1997). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	885887A2FFD58A33FF61FEC7FE19D52E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	312	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFEE8A0BF8BBF24EF96DDEE7.xml	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	Formosan Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe unicorne @fr | Taiwan-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura unicornio @es | Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus monoceros K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan ].” Rhinolophus monoceros is included in the pusiUus species group. It appears to be close to the Chinese R pusiUus. Monotypic .	Lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid I. A recent record from Guizhou on mainland China was identified only on the basis of morphology and is here regarded as dubious; this specimen needs to be examined further.	Head-body 40-50 mm , tail 15-27 mm , ear 16-17 mm , hindfoot 7-9 mm , forearm 34-40 mm ; weight 4-8 g (male average) and 4-9 g (female average). Dorsal pelage is wood brown with reddish tint, while ventral pelage is similar but lighter. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has concave sides and more or less spatulate tip; connecting process is triangular with pointed tip, and sometimes slightly curved; sella is wide basally, and continuously converges from halfway up toward tip, wich is broadly rounded; horseshoe is relatively wide (5-6- 6-7 mm ), almost covering muzzle, and has moderately deep and narrow median emargination. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Skull is small and moderately built (zygomatic and mastoid breadth are usually subequal in size but the zygomatic breadth can be larger or smaller); anterior median swellings are very small; posterior swellings are more developed; rostral profile is nearly straight or slopes slighdy, posteriorly; sagittal crest usually weakly developed; frontal depression is shallow with low supraorbital ridges. C1 is short and moderately weak; P2 of moderate size and within tooth row; P3 is small to moderate in size and is somewhat extruded from tooth row, still separating P2 and P4. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60.	Generally found at low elevations of 20-460 m , in forest habitats with adequate canopy cover.	The Formosan Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous.	No information.	Formosan Horseshoe Bats roost by day in caves and tunnels. Search call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F averaging 111-8 kHz in adult males, 113-7 kHz in adult females, 109-9 kHz in juvenile males, and 111-8 kHz in juvenile females.	Formosan Horseshoe Bats roost in large colonies of up to 5000 individuals, and have been recorded roosting in the same caves as Asian Long-fingered Bats ( Miniopterusfuliginosus ) , Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotisfimbriatus) , Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats ( Hipposideros armiger) , and East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed Bats ( Coelopsfrithii ).	Not assessed as a separate species on The IUCN ed List, where it is included under the Least Horseshoe Bat ( pusillus ) as Least Concern. The Formosan Horseshoe Bat has a restricted distribution in the lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid Island. It appears to have limited gene flow across Taiwan .	Ando et al. (1980 c) | Chen Shiangfan (1995) | Chen Shiangfan , Jones & Rossiter (2009) | Chen Shiangfan, Rossiter et al. (2006) | Hutson, Kingston & Walston (2008) | LeeYafu et al. (2012) | Smith &XieYan (2008) | Soisook et al. (2016) | WuYi, Motokawa et al. (2012) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018) | Zhou Jiang &YangTianyou (2010)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750042/files/figure.png	68 . Formosan Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus monoceros French: Rhinolophe unicorne I German: Taiwan-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura unicornio Other common names: Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus monoceros K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan ].” Rhinolophus monoceros is included in the pusiUus species group. It appears to be close to the Chinese R pusiUus. Monotypic . Distribution. Lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid I. A recent record from Guizhou on mainland China was identified only on the basis of morphology and is here regarded as dubious; this specimen needs to be examined further. Descriptive notes. Head-body 40-50 mm , tail 15-27 mm , ear 16-17 mm , hindfoot 7-9 mm , forearm 34-40 mm ; weight 4-8 g (male average) and 4-9 g (female average). Dorsal pelage is wood brown with reddish tint, while ventral pelage is similar but lighter. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has concave sides and more or less spatulate tip; connecting process is triangular with pointed tip, and sometimes slightly curved; sella is wide basally, and continuously converges from halfway up toward tip, wich is broadly rounded; horseshoe is relatively wide (5-6- 6-7 mm ), almost covering muzzle, and has moderately deep and narrow median emargination. There are three mental grooves on lower lip. Skull is small and moderately built (zygomatic and mastoid breadth are usually subequal in size but the zygomatic breadth can be larger or smaller); anterior median swellings are very small; posterior swellings are more developed; rostral profile is nearly straight or slopes slighdy, posteriorly; sagittal crest usually weakly developed; frontal depression is shallow with low supraorbital ridges. C1 is short and moderately weak; P2 of moderate size and within tooth row; P3 is small to moderate in size and is somewhat extruded from tooth row, still separating P2 and P4. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60. Habitat. Generally found at low elevations of 20-460 m , in forest habitats with adequate canopy cover. Food and Feeding. The Formosan Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Formosan Horseshoe Bats roost by day in caves and tunnels. Search call shape is FM/CF/FM with a peak F averaging 111-8 kHz in adult males, 113-7 kHz in adult females, 109-9 kHz in juvenile males, and 111-8 kHz in juvenile females. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Formosan Horseshoe Bats roost in large colonies of up to 5000 individuals, and have been recorded roosting in the same caves as Asian Long-fingered Bats ( Miniopterusfuliginosus ) , Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotisfimbriatus) , Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats ( Hipposideros armiger) , and East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed Bats ( Coelopsfrithii ). Status and Conservation. Not assessed as a separate species on The IUCN ed List, where it is included under the Least Horseshoe Bat ( pusillus ) as Least Concern. The Formosan Horseshoe Bat has a restricted distribution in the lowlands of Taiwan and Orchid Island. It appears to have limited gene flow across Taiwan . Bibliography. Ando eta/. (1980 c ), Chen Shiangfan (1995), Chen Shiangfan , Jones & Rossiter (2009), Chen Shiangfan, Rossiter eta/. (2006), Hutson, Kingston & Walston (2008), LeeYafu eta/. (2012), Smith &XieYan (2008), Soisook eta/. (2016), WuYi, Motokawa eta/. (2012), Zhang Lin eta/. (2018), Zhou Jiang &YangTianyou (2010).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus monoceros	Rhinolophus		monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 131	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	None.	Taiwan, Baksa.	Taiwan, possibly S China.	Not listed.	Least Concern under Rhinlophus pusillus monceros 	 pusillus species group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus monoceros	23	Formosan Horseshoe Bat	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_monoceros	Andersen, K. (1905). On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on Their Natural Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six New Forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 131.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207536#page/173/mode/1up	BM 1894.2.4.1		"Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan]."			monoceros K. Andersen, 1905	has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.	Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 131	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	None.	Taiwan, Baksa.	Taiwan, possibly S China.	Not listed.	Least Concern under Rhinlophus pusillus monceros 	 pusillus species group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Rhinolophus monoceros	1004716	23	Formosan Horseshoe Bat	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_monoceros	Andersen, K. (1905). On Some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on Their Natural Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six New Forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 131.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207536#page/173/mode/1up	BM 1894.2.4.1		"Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan]."			monoceros K. Andersen, 1905	has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_monoceros	1004716	23	Formosan Horseshoe Bat	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	monoceros	Andersen	0	Rhinolophus monoceros	Andersen, K.C. 1905-10-07. On some bats of the genus _Rhinolophus_, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1905-II(1):75-145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207592	BMNH:Mamm:1894.2.4.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/8182a833-8ac4-43bc-8422-05f3a045ca30	"Baksa, Formosa [= Taiwan]."			has been considered a synonym of R. pusillus, although recent publications have retained the species as distinct	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Taiwan	Asia	Palearctic	NE	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_monoceros	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		monoceros	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 131	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat	None.	Taiwan, Baksa.	Taiwan, possibly S China.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	pusillusspecies group. Apparently not conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Wu et al. (2012); but see Corbet and Hill(1992), Koopman (1994), Csorba (1997) and Li et al. (2006) for a different view. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus monoceros; Rhinolophus monoceros; Rhinolophus monoceros; Rhinolophus monoceros; Rhinolophus monoceros; monoceros; Formosan Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe unicorne; Taiwan-Hufeisennase; Herradura unicornio; Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat; Formosan Horseshoe Bat; Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat; Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat; Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat; R. monoceros