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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1400	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus macrotis		[MSW2] Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:122) and Tate (1943:2). Corbet and Hill (1980:48) listed hirsutus as a distinct species without comment.; [MSW3] philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997), but also see Ingle and Heaney (1992), who suggested that hirsutus may deserve recognition as a distinct species. Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).; [HMW] Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 , Nepal . Rhinolophus macrotis is in the macrotis species group along with A osgoodi , R episcopus, R siamensis , R schnitzleri , R rex , and R marshalli . The macrotis group is included in the Asiatic clade of Rhinolophus and is sister to a clade including the philippinensis and megaphyllus groups. Rhinolophus macrotis was considered to be paraphyletic with R siamensis , but following a recent in-depth phylogenetic study by Liu Tong and colleagues in 2019, taxa previously attributed to R macrotis and "hinolophus spi” are now assigned to the elevated A episcopus (including caldwelli as a subspecies) and R osgoodi , respectively. G. Csorba and P. J. J. Bates in 2016 described topalius as the replacement name for subspecies topati. The below four subspecies are still recognized as belonging to R macrotis sensu stricto pending further molecular biological analyses . However, in the light of the recent integrative studies of the macrotis complex, biogeographical considerations, and since they can be readily distinguished based on morphology, they almost definitely represent separate species.; [batnames2022]  philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus ; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli ; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).; [MDD2022] previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus; [IUCN] The mainland populations probably represent four to five distinct species. The Philippine form of R. macrotis was initially described as a separate species, R. hirsutus (Anderson, 1905), but was later subsumed under R. macrotis by Tate (1943) but hirsutus and siamensis are morphologically and genetically distinct (Guillen-Servent et al. in Csorba et al. 2003, Heaney and Ingle, 1992, Francis et al. 1999, Tu et al. 2017, Zhang et al. , 2018). According to the new evidences, the following subspecies are recognized - R.m. macrotis , R.m. siamensis , R.m. episcopus , R.m. caldwelli , R.m. topali , and R.m. huananus (Tu et al. 2017). Tu et al. (2017) opine that R. macrotis s.s. may be endemic to the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the forms representing R. macrotis s.l. may represent a complex and further genetic and acoustic studies are needed to ascertain affinities among the taxa in the group.; [batnames2023]  philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus ; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli ; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).; [MDD2023] previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus; [batnames2025_1.7] philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus				episcopus, hirsutus	(hirsutus)	caldwelli, dohrni, episcopus, hirsutus, siamensis.	macrotis, episcopus, caldwelli, siamensis, dohrni, hirsutus	macrotis, caldwelli, dohrni, episcopus, hirsutus, topali		macrotis, dohmi, hirsutus, topalius		macrotis, dohrni, topali		macrotis, dohrni, topali, topalius	The mainland populations probably represent four to five distinct species. The Philippine form of R. macrotis was initially described as a separate species, R. hirsutus (Anderson, 1905), but was later subsumed under R. macrotis by Tate (1943) but hirsutus and siamensis are morphologically and genetically distinct (Guillen-Servent et al. in Csorba et al. 2003, Heaney and Ingle, 1992, Francis et al. 1999, Tu et al. 2017, Zhang et al. , 2018). According to the new evidences, the following subspecies are recognized - R.m. macrotis , R.m. siamensis , R.m. episcopus , R.m. caldwelli , R.m. topali , and R.m. huananus (Tu et al. 2017). Tu et al. (2017) opine that R. macrotis s.s. may be endemic to the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the forms representing R. macrotis s.l. may represent a complex and further genetic and acoustic studies are needed to ascertain affinities among the taxa in the group.	macrotis, dohrni, topali		macrotis, dohrni, topali, topalius	macrotis, dohrni, topali, topalius	dohrni, macrotis, topali		macrotis B. H. Hodgson in E. Blyth, 1844|macrotis B. H. Hodgson, 1844 [nomen nudum]|dohrni Andersen, 1907|topali Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 1995 [preoccupied]|topalius Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 2016 [nomen novum]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Big-eared horseshoe bat	Nepal – Malaya, Sumatra, Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus macrotis	Nepal.	Blyth	1844	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13:485.	Distribution: Known from northern India, southern China, Thailand, Viet nam, Malaya, Sumatra, and the Philippines.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Big-eared horseshoe bat	Nepal – Malaya, Sumatra, Philippines	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Blyth	1844	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 13:485.	Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:122) and Tate (1943:2). Corbet and Hill (1980:48) listed hirsutus as a distinct species without comment.	N India to S China, Vietnam, and W Malaysia; Sumatra; Philippines.	Nepal.		BLYTH	1844	Sella broad and densely haired with incipient lappets at base, internarial lobes forming a small cup which is scarcely wider than the sella. Connecting process relatively high. Size medium (forearm length, 36-45 mm).	Distribution: Known from northern India, southern China, Thailand, Viet nam, Malaya, Sumatra, and the Philippines.	Six subspecies are currently recognized:	R. m. macrotis (northern India), R. m. episcopus (south western China), R. m. caldwelli (southeastern China to Vietnam), R. m. siamensis (Thailand to Vietnam), R. m. dohrni (Malaya, Sumatra), R. m. hirsutus (Philippines).	57	species	R. macrotis	BLYTH	1844	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus macrotis				Sella broad and densely haired with incipient lappets at base, internarial lobes forming a small cup which is scarcely wider than the sella. Connecting process relatively high. Size medium (forearm length, 36-45 mm).	Six subspecies are currently recognized:		43. R. macrotis BLYTH 1844 [luctus group].	43	_R. m. dohrni_ Andersen, 1907; _R. m. macrotis_ Hodgson, 1844 (synonyms: _macrotis_ Hodgson, 1844); _R. m. topalius_ Csorba & Bates, 2016 (synonyms: _topali_ Csorba & Bates, 1995)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus		macrotis	Blyth		1844		J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	13		485		Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	Nepal.	Pakistan, N India, Nepal to S China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Peninsualr Malaysia; Sumatra (Indonesia); Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	caldwelli Allen, 1923; dohrni K. Andersen, 1907; episcopus Allen, 1923; hirsutus K. Andersen, 1905; topali Csorba and Bates, 1995.	philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997), but also see Ingle and Heaney (1992), who suggested that hirsutus may deserve recognition as a distinct species. Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	885887A2FFD28A34FF07FA06FB97D4E3	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	300	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFDA8A3FF8B3F5D8FA0CD36F.xml	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	macrotis	Blyth	1844	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe a grandes oreilles @fr | Grosohr-Hufeisennase t Spanish @de | Great-eared Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 , Nepal . Rhinolophus macrotis is in the macrotis species group along with A osgoodi , R episcopus, R siamensis , R schnitzleri , R rex , and R marshalli . The macrotis group is included in the Asiatic clade of Rhinolophus and is sister to a clade including the philippinensis and megaphyllus groups. Rhinolophus macrotis was considered to be paraphyletic with R siamensis , but following a recent in-depth phylogenetic study by Liu Tong and colleagues in 2019, taxa previously attributed to R macrotis and "hinolophus spi” are now assigned to the elevated A episcopus (including caldwelli as a subspecies) and R osgoodi , respectively. G. Csorba and P. J. J. Bates in 2016 described topalius as the replacement name for subspecies topati. The below four subspecies are still recognized as belonging to R macrotis sensu stricto pending further molecular biological analyses . However, in the light of the recent integrative studies of the macrotis complex, biogeographical considerations, and since they can be readily distinguished based on morphology, they almost definitely represent separate species.	R m. macrotis Blyth , 1844 - N India ( Uttarakhand , West Bengal , Assam , Meghalaya , Arunachal Pradesh , and Nagaland ), extreme N Bangladesh, Nepal , Bhutan , and Myanmar . R m. dohmi K. Andersen, 1907 - Malay Peninsula (including Tioman I) and N & C Sumatra . R m. hirsutusi L Andersen , 1905 - Philippines ( Luzon , Samar , Guimaras , Negros , Palawan , and Mindanao Is ). R m. topalius Csorba & Bates, 2016 - N Pakistan and possibly NW India .	Head-body 42-51 mm , tail 12-33 mm , ear 18-29 mm , hindfoot 9-10 mm , forearm 40-50 mm ; weight 4-4-9- 5 g . Subspecies are distinguishable by shape and relative size of different parts of nasal foliation and position and development of lower premolars. Dorsal pelage is generally light brown or pale brown (subspecies topalius) ; venter is paler buff. Only subspecies hirsutus has an orange morph. Ears are relatively large. Lancet is long, with convex or more or less straight lateral margins and rounded or a little pointed tip; connecting process is high and rounded, being almost parallel to sella at lower part; sella is long and upward pointed, broad, rounded, roughly tongue-shaped, and covered in long, dense hair on front (sides are sometimes convex); and horseshoe is broad at 6-8— 10 mm , covers muzzle, has lateral leaflets that are partly or fully concealed by horseshoe, and has small but distinct median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. Skull has elongated facial features; zygomatic width is less than or rarely subequal to mastoid width; anterior median swellings are well inflated and elongated; posterior median swellings are short and small; sagittal crest is weak across skull; frontal depression is shallow or of medium development; and supraorbital crests are conspicuous, often with sharp ridges. P2 is small but in tooth row, not allowing C1 and P4 to touch; placement of P3 varies between subspecies, with all subspecies except topalius having larger P3 that is usually in tooth row or slighdy displaced labially, and topalius has dny P3 that extrudes labially; and P2 and P4 either touch or are separated.	Generally subtropical or tropical moist forests, especially lowland tropical moist forests in Malay Peninsula, from sea level to elevations of c . 1692 m . Big-eared Horseshoe Bats have also been recorded in secondary forests. In the Philippines , they are found in primary and secondary lowland tropical moist forests from sea level to 620 m .	The Big-eared Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous and flies rapidly and high to apparently catch small flies and beetles. It feeds on insects below the canopy in the Philippines .	Pregnant Big-eared Horseshoe Bats have been collected in February-March in Penang , Malaysia , and lactating females were captured in July in Nepal . Litter size is one.	Big-eared Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. They roost in caves and abandoned mine shafts, particularly in limestone caves in Nepal and Myanmar . Call shape is FM/CF/FM, and mean F component has been recorded at 48 kHz in Malaysia , and 50 kHz and 55-1 kHz in the Philippines .	Big-eared Horseshoe Bats are known to share roosts with other species of Rhinolophus , Hipposideros, Myotis, Eptesicus , and Miniopterus .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The Bigeared Horseshoe Bat does not seem to have any major threats throughout its distribution, but there is very little knowledge of its ecology and specific threats. It might be threatened locally by deforestation for timber and agricultural use or cave tourism.	Bates & Harrison (1997) | Csorba & Bates (1995, 2016a) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004) | Francis (2008a) | Heaney, Baiete, Dolar et al. (1998) | Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016) | Li Yuanyuan et al. (2014) | LiuTong et al. (2019) | Molur, Srinivasulu & rancis (2008) | Sedlock (2001) | Sediock, Ingle & Balete (2011) | Sedlock , Jose et al. (2014) | Shi Limin et al. (2009) | Smith & XieYan (2008) | Sun Keping et al. (2008) | Tu Vuong Tan, Hassanin et al. (2017) | WuYi et al. (2008) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750154/files/figure.png	42 . Big-eared Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus macrotis French: Rhinolophe a grandes oreilles / German: Grosohr-Hufeisennase t Spanish: Herradura de orejas grandes Other common names: Great-eared Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 , Nepal . Rhinolophus macrotis is in the macrotis species group along with A osgoodi , R episcopus, R siamensis , R schnitzleri , R rex , and R marshalli . The macrotis group is included in the Asiatic clade of Rhinolophus and is sister to a clade including the philippinensis and megaphyllus groups. Rhinolophus macrotis was considered to be paraphyletic with R siamensis , but following a recent in-depth phylogenetic study by Liu Tong and colleagues in 2019, taxa previously attributed to R macrotis and "hinolophus spi” are now assigned to the elevated A episcopus (including caldwelli as a subspecies) and R osgoodi , respectively. G. Csorba and P. J. J. Bates in 2016 described topalius as the replacement name for subspecies topati. The below four subspecies are still recognized as belonging to R macrotis sensu stricto pending further molecular biological analyses . However, in the light of the recent integrative studies of the macrotis complex, biogeographical considerations, and since they can be readily distinguished based on morphology, they almost definitely represent separate species. Subspecies and Distribution. R m. macrotis Blyth , 1844 - N India ( Uttarakhand , West Bengal , Assam , Meghalaya , Arunachal Pradesh , and Nagaland ), extreme N Bangladesh, Nepal , Bhutan , and Myanmar . R m. dohmi K. Andersen, 1907 - Malay Peninsula (including Tioman I) and N & C Sumatra . R m. hirsutusiL Andersen , 1905 - Philippines ( Luzon , Samar , Guimaras , Negros , Palawan , and Mindanao Is ). R m. topalius Csorba & Bates, 2016 - N Pakistan and possibly NW India . Descriptive notes. Head-body 42-51 mm , tail 12-33 mm , ear 18-29 mm , hindfoot 9-10 mm , forearm 40-50 mm ; weight 4-4-9- 5 g . Subspecies are distinguishable by shape and relative size of different parts of nasal foliation and position and development of lower premolars. Dorsal pelage is generally light brown or pale brown (subspecies topalius) ; venter is paler buff. Only subspecies hirsutus has an orange morph. Ears are relatively large. Lancet is long, with convex or more or less straight lateral margins and rounded or a little pointed tip; connecting process is high and rounded, being almost parallel to sella at lower part; sella is long and upward pointed, broad, rounded, roughly tongue-shaped, and covered in long, dense hair on front (sides are sometimes convex); and horseshoe is broad at 6-8— 10 mm , covers muzzle, has lateral leaflets that are partly or fully concealed by horseshoe, and has small but distinct median emargination. Lower lip has three medial grooves. Skull has elongated facial features; zygomatic width is less than or rarely subequal to mastoid width; anterior median swellings are well inflated and elongated; posterior median swellings are short and small; sagittal crest is weak across skull; frontal depression is shallow or of medium development; and supraorbital crests are conspicuous, often with sharp ridges. P2 is small but in tooth row, not allowing C1 and P4 to touch; placement of P3 varies between subspecies, with all subspecies except topalius having larger P3 that is usually in tooth row or slighdy displaced labially, and topalius has dny P3 that extrudes labially; and P2 and P4 either touch or are separated. Habitat. Generally subtropical or tropical moist forests, especially lowland tropical moist forests in Malay Peninsula, from sea level to elevations of c . 1692 m . Big-eared Horseshoe Bats have also been recorded in secondary forests. In the Philippines , they are found in primary and secondary lowland tropical moist forests from sea level to 620 m . Food and Feeding. The Big-eared Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous and flies rapidly and high to apparently catch small flies and beetles. It feeds on insects below the canopy in the Philippines . Breeding. Pregnant Big-eared Horseshoe Bats have been collected in February-March in Penang , Malaysia , and lactating females were captured in July in Nepal . Litter size is one. Activity patterns. Big-eared Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. They roost in caves and abandoned mine shafts, particularly in limestone caves in Nepal and Myanmar . Call shape is FM/CF/FM, and mean F component has been recorded at 48 kHz in Malaysia , and 50 kHz and 55-1 kHz in the Philippines . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Big-eared Horseshoe Bats are known to share roosts with other species of Rhinolophus , Hipposideros, Myotis, Eptesicus , and Miniopterus . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The Bigeared Horseshoe Bat does not seem to have any major threats throughout its distribution, but there is very little knowledge of its ecology and specific threats. It might be threatened locally by deforestation for timber and agricultural use or cave tourism. Bibliography. Bates & Harrison (1997), Csorba & Bates (1995, 2016a), Csorba et al. (2003), Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004), Francis (2008a), Heaney, Baiete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Li Yuanyuan et al. (2014), LiuTong et al. (2019), Molur, Srinivasulu & rancis (2008), Sedlock (2001), Sediock, Ingle & Balete (2011), Sedlock , Jose et al. (2014), Shi Limin et al. (2009), Smith & XieYan (2008), Sun Keping et al. (2008), Tu Vuong Tan, Hassanin et al. (2017), WuYi eta/. (2008), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus macrotis	Rhinolophus		macrotis	Blyth	1844	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.8785	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	<b> dohrni </b>K. Andersen, 1907; <b> topali </b>Csorba and Bates, 1995.	Nepal.	Pakistan, N India, Nepal to S China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Peninsualr Malaysia; Sumatra (Indonesia); Philippines.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus ; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli ; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus macrotis	23	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	Great-eared Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	macrotis	Blyth	1844	0						Nepal.			macrotis Blyth, 1844|dohrni K. Andersen, 1907|topali Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 1995 [preoccupied]|topalius Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 2016	previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus	Francis, C. M. (2008). A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. London, New Holland Publishers.|Tu, V. T., Hassanin, A., Görföl, T., Arai, S., Fukui, D., Thanh, H. T., ... & Csorba, G. (2017). Integrative taxonomy of the Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam and nearby regions. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 55(3), 177-198.|Liu, T., Sun, K., Csorba, G., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., ... & Feng, J. (2019). Species delimitation and evolutionary reconstruction within an integrative taxonomic framework: A case study on Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 139, 106544.	Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Myanmar|Malaysia|Indonesia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19550	Rhinolophus macrotis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	macrotis	Blyth, 1844	The mainland populations probably represent four to five distinct species. The Philippine form of R. macrotis was initially described as a separate species, R. hirsutus (Anderson, 1905), but was later subsumed under R. macrotis by Tate (1943) but hirsutus and siamensis are morphologically and genetically distinct (Guillen-Servent et al. in Csorba et al. 2003, Heaney and Ingle, 1992, Francis et al. 1999, Tu et al. 2017, Zhang et al. , 2018). According to the new evidences, the following subspecies are recognized - R.m. macrotis , R.m. siamensis , R.m. episcopus , R.m. caldwelli , R.m. topali , and R.m. huananus (Tu et al. 2017). Tu et al. (2017) opine that R. macrotis s.s. may be endemic to the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, and the forms representing R. macrotis s.l. may represent a complex and further genetic and acoustic studies are needed to ascertain affinities among the taxa in the group.	20000000	Rhinolophus macrotis	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Though a reasonably widespread species, it is uncommon in certain parts of its range but is believed to be stable hence listed as Least Concern.	In South Asia, this species roosts in abandoned mines and caves in forests (Molur et al. 2002). Its flight is fast and high and feeds on coleopterans and dipterans (Bates and Harrison 1997). Other than being a cave roosting species, there are few details available on the natural history of this species in China. In Myanmar and Viet Nam it is associated with limestone caves at an altitude of around 1,000 m asl, and has been found at a large cave in disturbed secondary growth forest. It has been recorded from in caves in secondary forest in Lao PDR and lowland tropical moist forest in Peninsular Malaysia (C. Francis pers. comm.). There are some records from forest caves.	In South Asia, the habitat of this species is being deforested for timber, firewood and conversion for agricultural use. In Nepal it is threatened due to increase in tourism leading to disturbance to roosting sites, fumigation and chemical pesticides to rid the caves of roosts (Thapa, S. pers. comm. 2018). In Southeast Asia, it is probably threatened in parts of its range (such as Malaysia) by ongoing habitat loss.	Though this species is widely distributed in its range in South Asia it is known from a few localities and has a small colony size. The population size of this species is low and a declining trend in the population is inferred (Molur et al. 2002). In Peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand it is rare in tall lowland forest and also hill forest in Peninsular Malaysia (S. Bumrungsri and C. Francis pers. comm. 2006). Nothing is known about the population status of this species in other parts of its range.	Stable	This species ranges from northern South Asia, into southeastern China and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, this species is presently known from Bangladesh (Chittagong division), India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttaranchal and West Bengal), Nepal (Central and Western Nepal) and Pakistan (Khyberpakhtunkhwa) (Bates and Harrison 1997, Csorba et al. 2003, Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu 2012). In China it has been recorded from Sichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Guangxi. In Southeast Asia, it has generally been recorded from northern Myanmar and Thailand, northern Lao PDR and Viet Nam, Peninsular Malaysia (and the island of Tioman), Indonesia (Sumatra). Following Ingle and Heaney (1992), Tu et al. (2017) proposed exclusion of Philippines from this species’ range as specimens from the Philippines represent R. hirsutus. It has been recorded from 200 up to 1,692 m asl (South Asia) (Molur et al. 2002).		Terrestrial	In South Asia, there are no direct conservation measures in place for this species. The species has not been recorded from any protected areas. Studies are needed to resolve the taxonomy of this species and the complex it represents and to know the exact distribution extent, biology, ecology and threats to this little-known species. Populations should be monitored to record changes in abundance and distribution. In view of its wide range in Southeast Asia, it seems probable that the species has been recorded from some protected areas, although this needs to be confirmed.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		macrotis	Blyth	1844	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.878472	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	<b> dohrni </b>K. Andersen, 1907; <b> topali </b>Csorba and Bates, 1995.	Nepal.	Pakistan, N India, Nepal to S China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Peninsualr Malaysia; Sumatra (Indonesia); Philippines.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus ; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli ; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).	Rhinolophus macrotis	1004706	23	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	Great-eared Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	macrotis	Blyth	1844	0						Nepal.			macrotis Blyth, 1844|dohrni K. Andersen, 1907|topali Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 1995 [preoccupied]|topalius Csorba & P. J. J. Bates, 2016	previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus	Francis, C. M. (2008). A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. London, New Holland Publishers.|Tu, V. T., Hassanin, A., Görföl, T., Arai, S., Fukui, D., Thanh, H. T., ... & Csorba, G. (2017). Integrative taxonomy of the Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam and nearby regions. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 55(3), 177-198.|Liu, T., Sun, K., Csorba, G., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., ... & Feng, J. (2019). Species delimitation and evolutionary reconstruction within an integrative taxonomic framework: A case study on Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 139, 106544.				Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Myanmar|Malaysia|Indonesia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_macrotis	1004706	23	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	Great-eared Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	macrotis	B. H. Hodgson in E. Blyth	0	Rhinolophus macrotis	Blyth, E. 1844. Notices of various Mammalia, with descriptions of many new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 13(150):463-494.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40057312	BMNH:Mamm:1845.1.8.416, ZSI 15568	syntypes	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b3ac4800-9f15-4c0e-bad1-cb71cddfab23	Nepal.			previously included R. episcopus and R. hirsutus	Francis, C. M. (2008). A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. London, New Holland Publishers.|Tu, V. T., Hassanin, A., Görföl, T., Arai, S., Fukui, D., Thanh, H. T., ... & Csorba, G. (2017). Integrative taxonomy of the Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae) in Vietnam and nearby regions. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 55(3), 177-198.|Liu, T., Sun, K., Csorba, G., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., ... & Feng, J. (2019). Species delimitation and evolutionary reconstruction within an integrative taxonomic framework: A case study on Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 139, 106544.				Pakistan|India|Nepal|Bhutan|Bangladesh|Myanmar|Malaysia|Indonesia|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya|Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_macrotis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		macrotis	Blyth	1844	0	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal	0.878472	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat	 dohrni K. Andersen, 1907; topali Csorba and Bates, 1995.	Nepal.	Pakistan, N India, Nepal to S China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Peninsualr Malaysia; Sumatra (Indonesia); Philippines.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19550/21978583/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992),and Bates and Harrison (1997), Does not include hirsutus; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Franic (2008). Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include episcopus or it subspecies e. caldwelli; see Tu et al. (2017) and Liu et al. (2019). At least three undescribed species occur within the macrotis species complex; see Tu et al. (2017) and see also Chornelia et al. (2022).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus macrotis; Rhinolophus macrotis; Rhinolophus macrotis; Rhinolophus macrotis; Rhinolophus macrotis; Rhinolophus macrotis; macrotis; caldwelli; dohrni; episcopus; hirsutus; topali; macrotis; dohmi; hirsutus; topalius; dohrni; topali; macrotis; dohrni; topali; topalius; Big-eared Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe a grandes oreilles; Grosohr-Hufeisennase t Spanish; Great-eared Horseshoe Bat; Big-eared Horseshoe Bat; Great-eared Horseshoe Bat; Big-eared Horseshoe Bat; Big-eared Horseshoe Bat; R. macrotis