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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1399	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus maclaudi		[MSW3] maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunction indicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahr et al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.; [HMW] Rhinolophus maclaudi Pousargues, 1897 , “ L’ile de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea], ” Guinea . Rhinolophus maclaudi is in the maclaudi species group with R ziama , R hilli , R kahuzi , R willardi , and R ruwenzorii . Systematic position of the maclaudi group is still debated, but this clade seems to be closely related to the ferrumequinum and hildebrandtii groups in the Afro-Palearctic clade. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.; [batnames2023]  maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.; [batnames2025_1.7] maclaudispecies group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.		(hilli) (ruwenzorii)		ruwenzorii, hilli	(hilli) (ruwenzorii)	hilli, ruwenzorii (see Smith and Hood, 1980:170).	ruwenzorii, maclaudi							maclaudi				maclaudi 	maclaudi 			maclaudi de Pousargues, 1897		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Maclaud's horseshoe bat	Guinea, E Zaire, W Uganda; ref. 4.56	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Guinea, Conakry.	Pousargues	1897	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 3:358.	Distribution: Known only from Guinea in western Africa and from eastern Zaire, Uganda, and Rwanda in eastern Africa.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Maclaud's horseshoe bat	Guinea, E Zaire, W Uganda, Rwanda	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Pousargues	1897	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 3:358.		Guinea, Liberia, E Zaire, W Uganda, Rwanda.	Guinea, Conakry.		POUSARGUES	1897	Anterior upper premolar considerably reduced, though in toothrow. Distal phalanges of third digit of wing lengthened. Mental grooves oblit erated. Size relatively large (forearm length, 55-68 mm).	Distribution: Known only from Guinea in western Africa and from eastern Zaire, Uganda, and Rwanda in eastern Africa.	Two subspecies are currently recognized:	R. m. ruwenzorii (= hilli) (eastern range), R. m. maclaudi (Guinea).	56	species	R. maclaudi	POUSARGUES	1897	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus maclaudi				Anterior upper premolar considerably reduced, though in toothrow. Distal phalanges of third digit of wing lengthened. Mental grooves oblit erated. Size relatively large (forearm length, 55-68 mm).	Two subspecies are currently recognized:		42. R. maclaudi POUSARGUES 1897 [luctus group],	42	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus		maclaudi	Pousargues		1897		Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	3		358		Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat	Guinea, Conakry.	Guinea. A record from Nigeria was based on misidentified specimens (Fahr et al., 2002).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt). Fahr et al. (2002) proposed that this be changed to Endangered.		maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunction indicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahr et al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.	885887A2FFDA8A3FF8B3F5D8FA0CD36F	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	298	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFDC8A3AF8B1FADAF246C9C1.xml	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	maclaudi	Pousargues	1897	Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe de Maclaud @fr | Maclaud-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Maclaud @es	Rhinolophus maclaudi Pousargues, 1897 , “ L’ile de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea], ” Guinea . Rhinolophus maclaudi is in the maclaudi species group with R ziama , R hilli , R kahuzi , R willardi , and R ruwenzorii . Systematic position of the maclaudi group is still debated, but this clade seems to be closely related to the ferrumequinum and hildebrandtii groups in the Afro-Palearctic clade. Monotypic.	W Guinea along slopes of Fouta Djallon Highlands as far N as Gessorewoul River and S to near Sierra Leone border and including Conakry I.	Head-body c. 73-94 mm , tail 38-43 mm , ear 40-46 mm , hindfoot 15 mm , forearm 64-69 mm ; weight 30-33 g . Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat is very large, on average the largest Rhinolophus in Africa. Dorsal pelage is pale chestnut to grayish brown (hairs are slightly paler basally); venter is paler. No orange morph has been reported. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are very long (61-70% of forearm length), with 10-12 internal folds. Noseleaf has subtriangular lancet, with pointed tip, conspicuously higher than sella; connecting process is largely reduced, low, and concave, leaving very deep cap between sella and lancet; sella is naked, rising forward, and almost parallel-sided; narial lobes are very well developed and enlarged, forming heart-shaped, corolla-like cup; nostrils are bordered with raised, almost straight rims, that reach near anterior margin ofhorseshoe; and horseshoe is broad at 15-16 mm , covers entire muzzle, and has no lateral leaflets and very small or absent median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark gray. Skull is large but slender, with comparatively weak zygomatic arches that are dorsally notched (zygomatic width is subequal to or only slighdy greater than mastoid width); rostrum is robust; nasal swellings are high domed; frontal depression is very deep; braincase is constricted behind mastoid process when viewed dorsally; sagittal crest is moderately developed anteriorly and poorly developed posteriorly; and interpterygoid groove is very deep. P2 is small but in tooth row or slightly displaced labially, which separates C1 and P4; P3 is small and conspicuously displaced labially; and P, and P4 are touching or separate.	Woodland /brushland savanna intersected by gallery forest along rivers.	No information.	No information.	Day roosts of Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bats have been found in caves, although one specimen was collected in a house.	Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat roosts singly or in small groups in caves, with one cave reported with six individuals (three females and three males) and another with two individuals. Day roosts have been shared with small colonies of Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bats ( Lissonycteris angolensis smithii ), Large-eared Slit-faced Bats ( Nycteris macrotis ), Guinean Horseshoe Bats (A guzn ^ mtis ), Rùppell’s Horseshoe Bats ( A / umigutus ), Dent’s Horseshoe Bats ( A denti ), and large, mixed colonies of Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bats (Hipposideros ruber) andJones’s Leaf-nosed Bats (H.jonesi).	Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat is known from very few specimens in a small known area of occupancy and appears to be threatened by habitat loss and possibly overharvesting for bushmeat.	ACR (2018) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Fahr (2008a, 2013g) | Fahr et al. (2002) | Weber & Fahr (2007 b)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749976/files/figure.png	35 . Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus maclaudi French: Rhinolophe de Maclaud / German: Maclaud-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Maclaud Taxonomy. Rhinolophus maclaudi Pousargues, 1897 , “ L’ile de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea], ” Guinea . Rhinolophus maclaudi is in the maclaudi species group with R ziama , R hilli , R kahuzi , R willardi , and R ruwenzorii . Systematic position of the maclaudi group is still debated, but this clade seems to be closely related to the ferrumequinum and hildebrandtii groups in the Afro-Palearctic clade. Monotypic. Distribution. W Guinea along slopes of Fouta Djallon Highlands as far N as Gessorewoul River and S to near Sierra Leone border and including Conakry I. Descriptive notes. Head-body c. 73-94 mm , tail 38-43 mm , ear 40-46 mm , hindfoot 15 mm , forearm 64-69 mm ; weight 30-33 g . Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat is very large, on average the largest Rhinolophus in Africa. Dorsal pelage is pale chestnut to grayish brown (hairs are slightly paler basally); venter is paler. No orange morph has been reported. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are very long (61-70% of forearm length), with 10-12 internal folds. Noseleaf has subtriangular lancet, with pointed tip, conspicuously higher than sella; connecting process is largely reduced, low, and concave, leaving very deep cap between sella and lancet; sella is naked, rising forward, and almost parallel-sided; narial lobes are very well developed and enlarged, forming heart-shaped, corolla-like cup; nostrils are bordered with raised, almost straight rims, that reach near anterior margin ofhorseshoe; and horseshoe is broad at 15-16 mm , covers entire muzzle, and has no lateral leaflets and very small or absent median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark gray. Skull is large but slender, with comparatively weak zygomatic arches that are dorsally notched (zygomatic width is subequal to or only slighdy greater than mastoid width); rostrum is robust; nasal swellings are high domed; frontal depression is very deep; braincase is constricted behind mastoid process when viewed dorsally; sagittal crest is moderately developed anteriorly and poorly developed posteriorly; and interpterygoid groove is very deep. P2 is small but in tooth row or slightly displaced labially, which separates C1 and P4; P3 is small and conspicuously displaced labially; and P, and P4 are touching or separate. Habitat. Woodland /brushland savanna intersected by gallery forest along rivers. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Day roosts of Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bats have been found in caves, although one specimen was collected in a house. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat roosts singly or in small groups in caves, with one cave reported with six individuals (three females and three males) and another with two individuals. Day roosts have been shared with small colonies of Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bats ( Lissonycteris angolensis smithii ), Large-eared Slit-faced Bats ( Nycteris macrotis ), Guinean Horseshoe Bats (A guzn ^ mtis ), Rùppell’s Horseshoe Bats ( A / umigutus ), Dent’s Horseshoe Bats ( A denti ), and large, mixed colonies of Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bats (Hipposideros ruber) andJones’s Leaf-nosed Bats (H.jonesi). Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat is known from very few specimens in a small known area of occupancy and appears to be threatened by habitat loss and possibly overharvesting for bushmeat. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Csorba eta/. (2003), Fahr (2008a, 2013g ), Fahr eta/. (2002), Weber & Fahr (2007 b ).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Rhinolophus		maclaudi	Pousargues	1898	0	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	sér. 1, 3: 358, figs. 1,2	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Guinea, Conakry.	Guinea. A record from Nigeria was based on misidentified specimens (Fahr et al., 2002).	Not listed.	Endangered	 maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus maclaudi	23	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	maclaudi	de Pousargues	1897	0	Rhinlophus_Maclaudi	de Pousargues, E. (1897). Description d'un Rhinolophe d'espèce nouvelle, R. Maclaudi, recueilli par M. le Dr. Maclaud sur l'îsle de Conakry (Guinée Française). Bullein du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 3, 358.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137048#page/368/mode/1up	MNHN 1897-981		"L'île de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea]," Guinea.			maclaudi de Pousargues, 1898	NA	NA	Guinea	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19549	Rhinolophus maclaudi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	maclaudi	Pousargues, 1897		20000000	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Endangered	B2ab(iii)	2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Endangered under criterion B2ab(iii) as its area of occupancy (AOO, based on its cave roosts) is estimated to be 300-500 km², its distribution is severely fragmented through habitat degradation, and the extent of its habitat in the Fouta Djallon Highlands is declining (Fahr et al. 2002, Fahr 2013). The species is only known from 8 locations, of which only 3-5 are cave roosts (coordinates unpublished) where the bats spend up to 12 hours a day and where they face the greatest risk.	Rhinolophus maclaudi is found in forest-savanna mosaics, including gallery forests along rivers (Fahr et al. 2002, Weber and Fahr, 2007). This species has been found at a range of elevations from &lt;200 m to 1,400 m, although most records are at 600–900 m (Fahr et al. 2002, Weber and Fahr 2007). Most specimens have been taken from day roosts in caves, but a single specimen has been collected from a house (Fahr et al. 2002).	The species relatively limited range is quite densely populated, and it is threatened by habitat loss and degradation of remaining patches of forest, cave disturbance and loss, and by overharvesting for the bush meat trade (Fahr et al. 2002). Although less so than other species, such as Pteropodid fruit bats (Fahr et al. 2002, Mildenstein et al. 2016).	Although there is little information available on the population size of this species. It is suspected that the global population is declining. The species has been observed roosting singly or in small groups of up to six individuals (Fahr et al. 2002).	Decreasing	This species is known from a few scattered localities in western Guinea. Fahr et al. (2002) report that 'apart from the type locality, supposedly Conakry Island, all records are located along the lower, southern slope of the Fouta Djallon region between Kindia and Mamou, near the border with Sierra Leone'. Recent surveys have revealed additional localities in the Fouta Djallon Highlands, ranging as far north as the Gessorewoul River in Prefecture Mali (Weber and Fahr 2007).	The species is hunted for the bush meat trade.	Terrestrial	There appear to be no direct conservation measures in place. It is not known if the species is present in any protected areas. Protection of habitat, further research, and awareness education urgently required.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		maclaudi	Pousargues	1898	0	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	sér. 1, 3: 358, figs. 1,2	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Guinea, Conakry.	Guinea. A record from Nigeria was based on misidentified specimens (Fahr et al., 2002).	Not listed.	Endangered	 maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.	Rhinolophus maclaudi	1004705	23	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	maclaudi	de Pousargues	1897	0	Rhinlophus_Maclaudi	de Pousargues, E. (1897). Description d'un Rhinolophe d'espèce nouvelle, R. Maclaudi, recueilli par M. le Dr. Maclaud sur l'îsle de Conakry (Guinée Française). Bullein du Muséum d'histoire naturelle, 3, 358.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137048#page/368/mode/1up	MNHN 1897-981		"L'île de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea]," Guinea.			maclaudi de Pousargues, 1898	NA	NA				Guinea	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	1004705	23	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	maclaudi	de Pousargues	0	Rhinolophus Maclaudi	Pousargues, E. de. 1897. Description d'un Rhinolophe d'espèce nouvelle, _R. Maclaudi_, recueilli par M. le Dr Maclaud sur l'île de Conakry (Guinée française). Bulletin du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 3(8):358-361.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42895146	MNHN-ZM-MO-1897-981	holotype	http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/zm/mo-1897-981	"L'île de Conakry [= Conakry Island], sur les côtes de la Guinée française [= on the coast of French Guinea]," Guinea.			NA	NA				Guinea	Africa	Afrotropic	EN	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_maclaudi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		maclaudi	Pousargues	1898	0	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	sér. 1, 3: 358, figs. 1,2	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Guinea, Conakry.	Guinea. A record from Nigeria was based on misidentified specimens (Fahr et al., 2002).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19549/21978925/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	maclaudispecies group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunctionindicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahret al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus maclaudi; Rhinolophus maclaudi; Rhinolophus maclaudi; Rhinolophus maclaudi; Rhinolophus maclaudi; Rhinolophus mabuensis; maclaudi; Maclaud’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe de Maclaud; Maclaud-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Maclaud; Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat; Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat; Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat; R. maclaudi