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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1392	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus landeri		[MSW2] Includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani according to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975:388); but see Bohme and Hutterer (1979:306-307) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species.; [MSW3] landeri species group. According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti.; [HMW] Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838 , “ Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island ],” Equatorial Guinea . Rhinolophus landeri is in the landeri species group. Rhinolophus lobatus was previously included in R landeri as a subspecies, but recent studies have determined that the two taxa are morphologically and genetically distinct and do not cluster together in phylogenetic reconstructions. Although exact distributions of R landeri and R lobatus are uncertain, arrangement suggested by P. J. Taylor and colleagues in 2018 is followed here, in which all eastern and southern African populations are assigned to R lobatus and all western and central African populations are assigned to R landeri . Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  landeri species group. Does not include lobatus ; see Taylor et al. (2018). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis , dobsoni , and guineensis , but not brockmani ; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti .; [MDD2022] previously included R. lobatus; [IUCN] The nominate subspecies Rhinolophus landeri landeri Martin 1837 and the subspecies R . l . lobatus Peters 1852 are known from southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986; Csorba et al. 2003). This species complex requires taxonomic revision because, across its range, the status and relationships of the nominate subspecies and the subspecies R . l . axillaris Allen, Lang and Chapin 1917, R . l . lobatus and R . l . dobsoni Thomas 1904 remain unclear. It appears that populations of R . l . landeri favour forest habitats, while populations of R . l . lobatus are more commonly associated with savannah woodland (Monadjem et al. 2010), and thus may be shown to be taxonomically distinct following phylogenetic analysis.; [batnames2023]  landeri species group. Does not include lobatus ; see Taylor et al. (2018). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis , dobsoni , and guineensis , but not brockmani ; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti .; [MDD2023] previously included R. lobatus; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included R. lobatus; [batnames2025_1.7] landeri species group. Does not include lobatus; see Taylor et al. (2018). Does not include  axillaris or dobsoni; see Patterson et al. (2024). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti.; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included R. lobatus, R. dobsoni, R. axillaris, and populations now attributed to the recently described R. webalai; true R. landeri may only be distributed in central Africa, and populations in western and eastern Africa may represent a distinct species				angolensis, guineensis, dobsoni		angolensis, axillaris, dobsoni, lobatus.	landeri, lobatus, angolensis	landeri, angolensis, lobatus	lobatus - axillaris, dobsoni			landeri, angolensis, axillaris	axillaris - dobsoni	landeri, dobsoni, axillaris	The nominate subspecies Rhinolophus landeri landeri Martin 1837 and the subspecies R . l . lobatus Peters 1852 are known from southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986; Csorba et al. 2003). This species complex requires taxonomic revision because, across its range, the status and relationships of the nominate subspecies and the subspecies R . l . axillaris Allen, Lang and Chapin 1917, R . l . lobatus and R . l . dobsoni Thomas 1904 remain unclear. It appears that populations of R . l . landeri favour forest habitats, while populations of R . l . lobatus are more commonly associated with savannah woodland (Monadjem et al. 2010), and thus may be shown to be taxonomically distinct following phylogenetic analysis.	landeri, angolensis	angolensis - axillaris, dobsoni	landeri, dobsoni, axillaris 	landeri, dobsoni, axillaris 	angolensis, landeri 		landeri W. C. L. Martin, 1838|lauderi A. Murray, 1866 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lander's horseshoe bat	Gambia – Somalia – Angola, Transvaal, Mozambique	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus landeri	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	Martin	1838	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837:101.	Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical Africa from Gambia to Ethiopia and south to Namibia and Transvaal.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lander's horseshoe bat	Senegal – Somalia – Angola, Transvaal, Mozambique	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Martin	1838	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837:101 [1838].	Includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani according to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975:388); but see Bohme and Hutterer (1979:306-307) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species.	Senegal to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to South Africa and Namibia; Bioko; Zanzibar.	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.		MARTIN	1838	Connecting process triangular in profile. First phalanx of fourth digit of wing shortened. Size medium (forearm length, 38-46 mm; total length of skull, 17-20 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 6.3-7.1 mm).	Distribution: Widely distributed in tropical Africa from Gambia to Ethiopia and south to Namibia and Transvaal.	Three subspe cies are currently recognized:	R. I. landeri (Gambia to Cameroon and south to the mouth of the Congo river), R. I. lobatus (Sudan and Ethiopia south to Transvaal, including Zanzibar island), R. I. angolensis (western Angola and perhaps Namibia).	55	species	R. landeri	MARTIN	1838	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus landeri				Connecting process triangular in profile. First phalanx of fourth digit of wing shortened. Size medium (forearm length, 38-46 mm; total length of skull, 17-20 mm; maxillary tooth row length, 6.3-7.1 mm).	Three subspe cies are currently recognized:		28. R. landeri MARTIN 1838 [pusillus group].	28	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus		landeri	Martin		1837	1838	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1837		101		Lander's Horseshoe Bat	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to South Africa and Namibia; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	angolensis Seabra, 1898; lobatus Peters, 1852; axillaris Allen, Lang, and Chapin, 1917; dobsoni Thomas, 1904.	landeri species group. According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti.	885887A2FFEB8A0DFF50FEFDF47DD0CA	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	282	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFCC8A2AFF1BFB86F223DD98.xml	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	landeri	Martin	1838	Rhinolophe de Lander @fr | Lander-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Lander @es	Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838 , “ Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island ],” Equatorial Guinea . Rhinolophus landeri is in the landeri species group. Rhinolophus lobatus was previously included in R landeri as a subspecies, but recent studies have determined that the two taxa are morphologically and genetically distinct and do not cluster together in phylogenetic reconstructions. Although exact distributions of R landeri and R lobatus are uncertain, arrangement suggested by P. J. Taylor and colleagues in 2018 is followed here, in which all eastern and southern African populations are assigned to R lobatus and all western and central African populations are assigned to R landeri . Monotypic.	From S Mauritania and Senegal through most ofW & C Africa to S Sudan , South Sudan , and Ethiopia , including Bioko I. Distributional limits are still uncertain.	Head-body c. 52-60 mm , tail 27 mm , ear 13-20 mm , hindfoot 7 9 mm , forearm 35-49 mm ; weight 5-11 g . Pelage is dense and soft, being brownish fawn to grayish brown (gray morph) or golden brown to bright rusty brown (orange morph) dorsally and slightly paler brown ( gray morph) or lighter golden brown (orange morph) ventrally. Males often have dark reddish brown to dark reddish axillary tufts that secret sticky yellow substance. Wings and interfemoral membrane are dark grayish brown to blackish brown. Ears are short (34-42% of forearm length). Noseleaf has hastate lancet with pointed tip, being shorter than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat (A lobatus ) ; connecting process is subtriangular with tip either sharply or blundy pointed, being less erect than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat; sella is naked and narrow, with slightly concave sides and top being broad and rounded; horseshoe is narrow at 6-8 mm but covers entire muzzle; there are no lateral leaflets; and median emargination is deep notch. Lower lip has well-defined medium groove and two very poorly defined lateral grooves. In general, baculum is shorter with distinctly bulbous tip that in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat Skull is of medium build; zygomatic width is slighdy greater than mastoid width; nasal swellings are narrow compared with Peters’s Horseshoe Bat; braincase is elongated compared with Peters’s Horseshoe Bat ; sagittal crest is low to moderately developed anteriorly; and frontal depression is usually shallow. P2 is positioned in tooth row because of its relatively large size, which results in larger space between C1 and P4; P3 is small and slighdy to completely displaced labially; P2 and P4 are separated by narrow gap or are in contact; and P2 is only a litde smaller than P 4. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 58 and FNa = 64 ( Senegal ).	Various habitats including lowland and montane primary rainforests, disturbed forests, and riverine woodlands from sea level to elevations of c . 1800 m . Lander’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in lowland rainforest and degraded forests in West Africa, occurring in Isoberlinia ( Fabaceae ) woodland and often near rivers and riverine woodlands throughout their distribution. In Ethiopia , they have been recorded at elevations of 515-1800 m . They also occur in montane vegetation at 1400 m on Mount Cameroon in Cameroon and primary rainforest at 1000 m on Mount Bintumani in Sierra Leone .	Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous. It is a slow hawker that often forages within 6 m of the ground at night. Although fly-catching and gleaning have not been reported, they are expected to occur. Moths and beetles seem to make up a large proportion of diets. In Sudan , small beetles made up a large proportion of diets.	Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is seasonally monoestrous throughout its distribution, copulating in dry seasons. In Nigeria , copulation generally occurs around November but probably into December because ovulation occurs in late November. Implantation is delayed for c .2 months and does not occur until late dry season around February. Births often occur in early wet season but vary throughout the distribution, being in late April in Nigeria . Lactation in Nigeria occurred in April-June. Litters have a single young. Weaning occurs at c .2 months ofage, and for a short period of the early life ofyoung, mothers carry them when they forage.	Lander’s Horseshoe Bats are active during parts of the night. They roost during the day in colonies or, less commonly, alone and can enter torpor to save energy. Lander’s Horseshoe Bats have great maneuverability and can take offfrom the ground. They are able to fly slowly with bursts of speed and are able to briefly hover. Roosts are commonly found in caves, mine shafts, and crevices in rocks, although some individuals have been found in trees (particularly hollow baobabs, Adansonia , Malvaceae ), thatched buildings, wells, and other holes in the ground. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with F component of 103-3 kHz in Guinea , 108-5 kHz (one male) and 105-6 kHz (one female) in Burkina Faso , and 104-3 kHz in Liberia ; average F component seems to be lower than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat.	Lander’s Horseshoe Bats roost alone and in groups of more than 1000 individuals, being largely gregarious. In Nigeria , a cave with more than 1000 individuals has been recorded. Males and females usually are found in the same caves, but before birth, males leave the colony . They often share day roosts with a variety of other bats, including species of Lissonycteris , Nycteris, Coleura , Hipposideros, and other species of Rhinolophus .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is widespread and relatively common with no major known conservati ^ ® threats.	ACR (2018) | Aggundey & Schütter (1984) | Brown & Dunlop (1997) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Dool, Puechmaille, Foley et al. (2016) | Happold, M. (2013s) | Hayman et al. (1966) | Kangoyé et al. (2015) | Koopman (1975,1989) | Koopman, Kofron & Chapman (1995) | Koopman , Mumford & Heisterberg (1978) | Menzies (1973) | Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs & Cotterill (2017 b) | Rosevear (1965) | Taylor (1998) | Taylor, Macdonald et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749918/files/figure.png	4 . Lander’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus landeri French: Rhinolophe de Lander / German: Lander-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Lander Taxonomy. Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838 , “ Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island ],” Equatorial Guinea . Rhinolophus landeri is in the landeri species group. Rhinolophus lobatus was previously included in R landeri as a subspecies, but recent studies have determined that the two taxa are morphologically and genetically distinct and do not cluster together in phylogenetic reconstructions. Although exact distributions of R landeri and R lobatus are uncertain, arrangement suggested by P. J. Taylor and colleagues in 2018 is followed here, in which all eastern and southern African populations are assigned to R lobatus and all western and central African populations are assigned to R landeri . Monotypic. Distribution. From S Mauritania and Senegal through most ofW & C Africa to S Sudan , South Sudan , and Ethiopia , including Bioko I. Distributional limits are still uncertain. Descriptive notes. Head-body c. 52-60 mm , tail 27 mm , ear 13-20 mm , hindfoot 7 9 mm , forearm 35-49 mm ; weight 5-11 g . Pelage is dense and soft, being brownish fawn to grayish brown (gray morph) or golden brown to bright rusty brown (orange morph) dorsally and slightly paler brown ( gray morph) or lighter golden brown (orange morph) ventrally. Males often have dark reddish brown to dark reddish axillary tufts that secret sticky yellow substance. Wings and interfemoral membrane are dark grayish brown to blackish brown. Ears are short (34-42% of forearm length). Noseleaf has hastate lancet with pointed tip, being shorter than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat (A lobatus ) ; connecting process is subtriangular with tip either sharply or blundy pointed, being less erect than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat; sella is naked and narrow, with slightly concave sides and top being broad and rounded; horseshoe is narrow at 6-8 mm but covers entire muzzle; there are no lateral leaflets; and median emargination is deep notch. Lower lip has well-defined medium groove and two very poorly defined lateral grooves. In general, baculum is shorter with distinctly bulbous tip that in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat Skull is of medium build; zygomatic width is slighdy greater than mastoid width; nasal swellings are narrow compared with Peters’s Horseshoe Bat; braincase is elongated compared with Peters’s Horseshoe Bat ; sagittal crest is low to moderately developed anteriorly; and frontal depression is usually shallow. P2 is positioned in tooth row because of its relatively large size, which results in larger space between C1 and P4; P3 is small and slighdy to completely displaced labially; P2 and P4 are separated by narrow gap or are in contact; and P2 is only a litde smaller than P 4. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 58 and FNa = 64 ( Senegal ). Habitat. Various habitats including lowland and montane primary rainforests, disturbed forests, and riverine woodlands from sea level to elevations of c . 1800 m . Lander’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in lowland rainforest and degraded forests in West Africa, occurring in Isoberlinia ( Fabaceae ) woodland and often near rivers and riverine woodlands throughout their distribution. In Ethiopia , they have been recorded at elevations of 515-1800 m . They also occur in montane vegetation at 1400 m on Mount Cameroon in Cameroon and primary rainforest at 1000 m on Mount Bintumani in Sierra Leone . Food and Feeding. Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is insectivorous. It is a slow hawker that often forages within 6 m of the ground at night. Although fly-catching and gleaning have not been reported, they are expected to occur. Moths and beetles seem to make up a large proportion of diets. In Sudan , small beetles made up a large proportion of diets. Breeding. Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is seasonally monoestrous throughout its distribution, copulating in dry seasons. In Nigeria , copulation generally occurs around November but probably into December because ovulation occurs in late November. Implantation is delayed for c .2 months and does not occur until late dry season around February. Births often occur in early wet season but vary throughout the distribution, being in late April in Nigeria . Lactation in Nigeria occurred in April-June. Litters have a single young. Weaning occurs at c .2 months ofage, and for a short period of the early life ofyoung, mothers carry them when they forage. Activity patterns. Lander’s Horseshoe Bats are active during parts of the night. They roost during the day in colonies or, less commonly, alone and can enter torpor to save energy. Lander’s Horseshoe Bats have great maneuverability and can take offfrom the ground. They are able to fly slowly with bursts of speed and are able to briefly hover. Roosts are commonly found in caves, mine shafts, and crevices in rocks, although some individuals have been found in trees (particularly hollow baobabs, Adansonia , Malvaceae ), thatched buildings, wells, and other holes in the ground. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with F component of 103-3 kHz in Guinea , 108-5 kHz (one male) and 105-6 kHz (one female) in Burkina Faso , and 104-3 kHz in Liberia ; average F component seems to be lower than in Peters’s Horseshoe Bat. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Lander’s Horseshoe Bats roost alone and in groups of more than 1000 individuals, being largely gregarious. In Nigeria , a cave with more than 1000 individuals has been recorded. Males and females usually are found in the same caves, but before birth, males leave the colony . They often share day roosts with a variety of other bats, including species of Lissonycteris , Nycteris, Coleura , Hipposideros, and other species of Rhinolophus . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Lander’s Horseshoe Bat is widespread and relatively common with no major known conservati ^ ® threats. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Aggundey & Schütter (1984), Brown & Dunlop (1997), Csorba et al. (2003), Dool, Puechmaille, Foley et al. (2016), Happold, M. (2013s), Hayman et al. (1966), Kangoyé et al. (2015), Koopman (1975,1989), Koopman, Kofron & Chapman (1995), Koopman , Mumford & Heisterberg (1978), Menzies (1973), Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs & Cotterill (2017 b ), Rosevear (1965), Taylor (1998), Taylor, Macdonald et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus landeri	Rhinolophus		landeri	Martin	1838	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1838:41:00	Lander's Horseshoe Bat	<b> angolensis </b>Seabra, 1898; <b></b> axillaris Allen, Lang, and Chapin, 1917; dobsoni Thomas, 1904.	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia east to Ethiopia, south to Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 landeri species group. Does not include lobatus ; see Taylor et al. (2018). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis , dobsoni , and guineensis , but not brockmani ; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus landeri	23	Lander's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	landeri	W. Martin	1838	0	Rhinolophus_landeri	Martin, W. (1838). Description of a new bat (Rhinolophus landeri) from Fernando Po, and a new hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) from Trebizond. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 5, 101.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/273/mode/1up	BM 1855.12.26.250		"Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island]," Equatorial Guinea.			landeri W. Martin, 1838|dobsoni O. Thomas, 1904|axillaris J. A. Allen, 1917	previously included R. lobatus	Taylor, P. J., Macdonald, A., Goodman, S. M., Kearney, T., Cotterill, F. P., Stoffberg, S., ... & Richards, L. R. (2018). Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 184(4), 1249-1276.	Mauritania|Guinea|Liberia|Sierra Leone|Gambia|Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Côte d'Ivoire|Mali|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Niger|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|South Sudan|Sudan|Ethiopia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19546	Rhinolophus landeri	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	landeri	Martin, 1838	The nominate subspecies Rhinolophus landeri landeri Martin 1837 and the subspecies R . l . lobatus Peters 1852 are known from southern Africa (Meester et al. 1986; Csorba et al. 2003). This species complex requires taxonomic revision because, across its range, the status and relationships of the nominate subspecies and the subspecies R . l . axillaris Allen, Lang and Chapin 1917, R . l . lobatus and R . l . dobsoni Thomas 1904 remain unclear. It appears that populations of R . l . landeri favour forest habitats, while populations of R . l . lobatus are more commonly associated with savannah woodland (Monadjem et al. 2010), and thus may be shown to be taxonomically distinct following phylogenetic analysis.	20000000	Rhinolophus landeri	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category	This species is generally associated with both savanna and gallery forest habitats. It has also been found in lowveld, sparsely wooded transition areas, riverine forest, dense thornscrub and tropical moist forest (Taylor 1998; Menzies 1973; Rosevear 1965; Happold 1987). Populations roost caves, mine adits and in crevices amongst piles of boulders. Animals have also been found roosting in a baobab tree, water wells (Koopman et al. 1978) and buildings (Rosevear 1965).	There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole.	This species is rather common locally, colonies can consist of hundreds of individuals	Unknown	This species has been widely reported from much of sub-Saharan Africa. It ranges from Senegal and The Gambia in the west, through most of West and Central Africa to Sudan and Ethiopia in the east. The species has been recorded as far south as eastern South Africa. Populations have been reported at an altitude of 2,000 m Asl on Mount Elgon in Kenya (Aggundey and Schlitter, 1984). On Cameroon Mountain they have been taken at an altitude of 1,200 m Asl and at 900 m Asl on Bintamane Mountain in Sierra Leone (Rosevear, 1965).		Terrestrial	In view of the species wide range it seems probable that it is present in some protected areas. No direct conservation measures are currently needed for this species as a whole.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		landeri	Martin	1838	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1838:41:00	Lander's Horseshoe Bat	<b> angolensis </b>Seabra, 1898; <b></b> axillaris Allen, Lang, and Chapin, 1917; dobsoni Thomas, 1904.	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia east to Ethiopia, south to Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 landeri species group. Does not include lobatus ; see Taylor et al. (2018). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis , dobsoni , and guineensis , but not brockmani ; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti .	Rhinolophus landeri	1004699	23	Lander's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	landeri	W. Martin	1838	0	Rhinolophus_landeri	Martin, W. (1838). Description of a new bat (Rhinolophus landeri) from Fernando Po, and a new hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) from Trebizond. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 5, 101.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/96163#page/273/mode/1up	BM 1855.12.26.250		"Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island]," Equatorial Guinea.			landeri W. Martin, 1838|dobsoni O. Thomas, 1904|axillaris J. A. Allen, 1917	previously included R. lobatus	Taylor, P. J., Macdonald, A., Goodman, S. M., Kearney, T., Cotterill, F. P., Stoffberg, S., ... & Richards, L. R. (2018). Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 184(4), 1249-1276.				Mauritania|Guinea|Liberia|Sierra Leone|Gambia|Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Côte d'Ivoire|Mali|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Niger|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|South Sudan|Sudan|Ethiopia	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_landeri	1004699	23	Lander's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	landeri	W. C. L. Martin	0	Rhinolophus Landeri	Martin, W.C.L. 1838-05-25. Mr. Martin exhibited a new Bat from Fernando Po, belonging to the genus _Rhinolophus_. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1837:101-102.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30570986	BMNH:Mamm:1855.12.26.250	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/7befafc7-7b5b-418e-b441-cde3d892d3cd	"Insulâ Fernando Po [= Bioko Island]," Equatorial Guinea.			previously included R. lobatus, R. dobsoni, R. axillaris, and populations now attributed to the recently described R. webalai; true R. landeri may only be distributed in central Africa, and populations in western and eastern Africa may represent a distinct species	Taylor, P. J., Macdonald, A., Goodman, S. M., Kearney, T., Cotterill, F. P., Stoffberg, S., ... & Richards, L. R. (2018). Integrative taxonomy resolves three new cryptic species of small southern African horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 184(4), 1249-1276.|Patterson, B.D., Demos, T.C., Torrent, L., Grunwald, A.L., Montauban, C., Kerbis Peterhans, J.C., McDonough, M.M., Dick, C.W., Bartonjo, M., Schoeman, M.Corrie, Ruedas, L.A. and Juste, J. 2024-09-13. Systematics of the _Rhinolophus landeri_ complex, with evidence for 3 additional Afrotropical bat species. Journal of Mammalogy (in press).				Mauritania|Guinea|Liberia|Sierra Leone|Gambia|Senegal|Guinea-Bissau|Cote d'Ivoire|Mali|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Niger|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Equatorial Guinea|Gabon|South Sudan?|Sudan?|Ethiopia?	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_landeri	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		landeri	Martin	1838	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1838:41:00	Lander's Horseshoe Bat	angolensis Seabra, 1898; axillaris Allen, Lang, and Chapin, 1917; dobsoni Thomas, 1904.	Equatorial Guinea, Bioko.	Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia east to Ethiopia, south to Republic of Congo.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19546/21977797/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	landeri species group. Does not include lobatus; see Taylor et al. (2018). Does not include  axillaris or dobsoni; see Patterson et al. (2024). According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus landeri; Rhinolophus inops; landeri; angolensis; lobatus; lobatus - axillaris; dobsoni; angolensis; axillaris; axillaris - dobsoni; landeri; dobsoni; axillaris; Rhinolophe de Lander; Lander-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Lander; Lander's Horseshoe Bat; Lander's Horseshoe Bat; Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat; R. landeri