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authorityParentheses originalNameCombination authoritySpeciesCitation authoritySpeciesLink typeVoucher typeKind typeVoucherURIs typeLocality typeLocalityLatitude typeLocalityLongitude taxonomyNotes taxonomyNotesCitation distributionNotes distributionNotesCitation subregionDistribution countryDistribution continentDistribution biogeographicRealm iucnStatus extinct domestic flagged CMW_sciName diffSinceCMW MSW3_matchtype MSW3_sciName diffSinceMSW3 docOrigin_batnames2025 Family Genus Subgenus Species Author Date Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses) Citation Pages Common Name Synonyms Type Locality Distribution CITES IUCN Comments column3781 column3791 subtribe CONCAT_ALTNAMES line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1386 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki N/A Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki [HMW] Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 , “ Wadi Damah , 32° 42’ 06” N , 22° 36’ 40” E , ca. 6 km S of Damah, Darnah Disc, Cyrenaica , Libya .” Rhinolophus horaceki is in the ferrumequinum species group, but genetic data based solely on mitochondrial cytochrome-b have shown it to be sister to a clade including the ferrumequinum and fumigatus groups. Additional research is needed to fully resolve phylogenetic position of R horaceki . Populations now attributed to it were previously listed as A clivosus . Monotypic .; [MDD2022] recently described; [MDD2023] recently described; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described horaceki horaceki horaceki horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 N/A NA 885887A2FFE78A00F895EE1CFAD4D2BF Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions 978-84-16728-19-0 hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963 298 zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFDC8A3AFF05F6C4F40ADC6F.xml Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 Rhinolophe de Horacek @fr | Horacek-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Horacek @es Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 , “ Wadi Damah , 32° 42’ 06” N , 22° 36’ 40” E , ca. 6 km S of Damah, Darnah Disc, Cyrenaica , Libya .” Rhinolophus horaceki is in the ferrumequinum species group, but genetic data based solely on mitochondrial cytochrome-b have shown it to be sister to a clade including the ferrumequinum and fumigatus groups. Additional research is needed to fully resolve phylogenetic position of R horaceki . Populations now attributed to it were previously listed as A clivosus . Monotypic . N Cyrenaica, NE Libya . Head-body 60 mm , tail 34 mm , ear 20-8-22- 7 mm , forearm 48- 50 mm . Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat is somewhat similar to the medium-sized forms of Geoffroy’s Horseshoe Bat (A clivosus ). Dorsal pelage is brown to brownish gray; venter is grayish beige. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are dark brown or dark grayish brown, being darker distally. Noseleaf has hairy, triangular lancet; connecting process is high and rounded and covered in hair; sella is pointed at tip and has concave sides; and horseshoe is narrow at 6-9-7- 6 mm wide, with welldefined median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown or grayish brown. Baculum is relatively large (3-7- 3-9 mm ) and dorso-ventrally flattened on its distal two-thirds, creating lancet shape, and its proximal epiphysis is massive and laterally bifurcated. Skull is relatively wide; rostral region is huge, relatively long, and wide, but nasal swellings are comparatively undeveloped; sagittal crest is moderately developed; and infraorbital foramen is large, and infraorbital bar is long and thin. Teeth are relatively massive ; upper molars are relatively wide; P 4 is relatively wide and mesiodistally short , with relatively very shallow concavity in distal margin of talon; P2 is minute and usually present but can be absent (rarely); and P3 is tiny and displaced labially or absent ( usually absent), allowing P2 and P4 to touch. Dental formula is usually I 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30 because a lower premolar is frequently absent, and very rarely it is I 1/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 28; 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32; or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 30. Mainly Mediterranean deciduous woodlands and steppes from sea level to elevations of c. 660 m . Stomach samples of Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats revealed that they primarily eat medium-sized moths. Twenty-six fecal samples contained medium-sized moths (99-8% by volume) and a small amount of nematocerans ( Diptera ) (0-2%). Another set of 18 fecal samples included a much broader variety of prey, including medium-sized Lepidoptera (54%), Blattodea (38%), Formicoidea (4%), Auchenorrhyncha (2%), and Coleoptera (2%). Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats probably forage similar to Geoffroy’s Horseshoe Bats and Greater Horseshoe Bats ( A ferrumequinum ). Pregnant Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats were collected in May, suggesting that births occur in late May or earlyJune. Subadults were captured in August. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats roost in natural caves; they also have been found in an underground part of castle ruins and an abandoned cellar. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats have been found alone or in small groups in roosts, although they can form larger colonies. They probably create maternity colonies during breeding season. Not assessed on IUCNed List. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat is endemic to a region of North Africa that is characterized as an “oasis” within the Mediterranean region . This unique habitat does not seem to have many major threats, but Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat has a very limited distribution and might be threatened by habitat loss or destruction. Benda & Vallo (2012) | Benda, Spitzenberger et al. (2014) 34 . Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus horaceki French: Rhinolophe de Horacek / German: Horacek-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Horacek Taxonomy. Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 , “ Wadi Damah , 32° 42’ 06” N , 22° 36’ 40” E , ca. 6 km S of Damah, Darnah Disc, Cyrenaica , Libya .” Rhinolophus horaceki is in the ferrumequinum species group, but genetic data based solely on mitochondrial cytochrome-b have shown it to be sister to a clade including the ferrumequinum and fumigatus groups. Additional research is needed to fully resolve phylogenetic position of R horaceki . Populations now attributed to it were previously listed as A clivosus . Monotypic . Distribution. N Cyrenaica, NE Libya . Descriptive notes. Head-body 60 mm , tail 34 mm , ear 20-8-22- 7 mm , forearm 48- 50 mm . Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat is somewhat similar to the medium-sized forms of Geoffroy’s Horseshoe Bat (A clivosus ). Dorsal pelage is brown to brownish gray; venter is grayish beige. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are dark brown or dark grayish brown, being darker distally. Noseleaf has hairy, triangular lancet; connecting process is high and rounded and covered in hair; sella is pointed at tip and has concave sides; and horseshoe is narrow at 6-9-7- 6 mm wide, with welldefined median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown or grayish brown. Baculum is relatively large (3-7- 3-9 mm ) and dorso-ventrally flattened on its distal two-thirds, creating lancet shape, and its proximal epiphysis is massive and laterally bifurcated. Skull is relatively wide; rostral region is huge, relatively long, and wide, but nasal swellings are comparatively undeveloped; sagittal crest is moderately developed; and infraorbital foramen is large, and infraorbital bar is long and thin. Teeth are relatively massive ; upper molars are relatively wide; P 4 is relatively wide and mesiodistally short , with relatively very shallow concavity in distal margin of talon; P2 is minute and usually present but can be absent (rarely); and P3 is tiny and displaced labially or absent ( usually absent), allowing P2 and P4 to touch. Dental formula is usually I 1/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30 because a lower premolar is frequently absent, and very rarely it is I 1/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 28; 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32; or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 30. Habitat. Mainly Mediterranean deciduous woodlands and steppes from sea level to elevations of c. 660 m . Food and Feeding. Stomach samples of Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats revealed that they primarily eat medium-sized moths. Twenty-six fecal samples contained medium-sized moths (99-8% by volume) and a small amount of nematocerans ( Diptera ) (0-2%). Another set of 18 fecal samples included a much broader variety of prey, including medium-sized Lepidoptera (54%), Blattodea (38%), Formicoidea (4%), Auchenorrhyncha (2%), and Coleoptera (2%). Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats probably forage similar to Geoffroy’s Horseshoe Bats and Greater Horseshoe Bats ( A ferrumequinum ). Breeding. Pregnant Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats were collected in May, suggesting that births occur in late May or earlyJune. Subadults were captured in August. Activity patterns. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats roost in natural caves; they also have been found in an underground part of castle ruins and an abandoned cellar. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bats have been found alone or in small groups in roosts, although they can form larger colonies. They probably create maternity colonies during breeding season. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on IUCNed List. Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat is endemic to a region of North Africa that is characterized as an “oasis” within the Mediterranean region . This unique habitat does not seem to have many major threats, but Horacek’s Horseshoe Bat has a very limited distribution and might be threatened by habitat loss or destruction. Bibliography. Benda & Vallo (2012), Benda, Spitzenberger eta/. (2014). Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus horaceki Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 0 Vespertilio 0.725 Horáček's Horseshoe Bat None. Libya, Cyrenaica, Darnah district, circa 6 km. S of Darnah, Wadi Darnah Cyrenaica (Libya) Not listed Not Evaluated Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Rhinolophus horaceki 23 Horacek's Horseshoe Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA RHINOLOPHOIDEA RHINOLOPHIDAE NA NA Rhinolophus NA horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 0 Rhinolophus_horaceki Benda, P. & P. Vallo. (2012). New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio, 16, 84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292293835_New_look_on_the_geographical_variation_in_Rhinolophus_clivosus_with_description_of_a_new_horseshoe_bat_species_from_Cyrenaica_Libya NMP 49880 "Wadi Darnah, 32° 42' 06" N, 22° 36' 40" E, ca. 6 km S of Darnah, Darnah Dist., Cyrenaica, Libya." 32.702 22.611 horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 recently described Benda, P., and P. Vallo. 2012. New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio 16: 69-96. Libya Africa Palearctic|Afrotropic NA 0 0 0 Rhinolophus_horaceki 0 unmatched NA 1 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 0 Vespertilio 0.725 Horáček's Horseshoe Bat None. Libya, Cyrenaica, Darnah district, circa 6 km. S of Darnah, Wadi Darnah Cyrenaica (Libya) Not listed Not Evaluated Rhinolophus horaceki 1004694 23 Horacek's Horseshoe Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA RHINOLOPHOIDEA Rhinolophidae NA NA Rhinolophus NA horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 0 Rhinolophus_horaceki Benda, P. & P. Vallo. (2012). New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio, 16, 84. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292293835_New_look_on_the_geographical_variation_in_Rhinolophus_clivosus_with_description_of_a_new_horseshoe_bat_species_from_Cyrenaica_Libya NMP 49880 "Wadi Darnah, 32° 42' 06" N, 22° 36' 40" E, ca. 6 km S of Darnah, Darnah Dist., Cyrenaica, Libya." 32.70167 22.61111 horaceki Benda & Vallo, 2012 recently described Benda, P., and P. Vallo. 2012. New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio 16: 69-96. Libya Africa Palearctic|Afrotropic NA 0 0 0 Rhinolophus_horaceki 0 unmatched NA 1 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Rhinolophus_horaceki 1004694 23 Horacek's Horseshoe Bat Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yinpterochiroptera NA NA Rhinolophoidea Rhinolophidae NA NA Rhinolophus NA horaceki Benda & Vallo 0 Rhinolophus horaceki Benda, P. and Vallo, P. 2012. New look on the geographical variation in _Rhinolophus clivosus_ with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio 16:69-96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292293835_New_look_on_the_geographical_variation_in_Rhinolophus_clivosus_with_description_of_a_new_horseshoe_bat_species_from_Cyrenaica_Libya NMPr 49880 holotype "Wadi Darnah, 32° 42' 06" N, 22° 36' 40" E, ca. 6 km S of Darnah, Darnah Dist., Cyrenaica, Libya." 32.70167 22.61111 recently described Benda, P., and P. Vallo. 2012. New look on the geographical variation in Rhinolophus clivosus with description of a new horseshoe bat species from Cyrenaica, Libya. Vespertilio 16: 69-96. Libya Africa Palearctic|Afrotropic NE 0 0 0 Rhinolophus_horaceki 0 unmatched NA 1 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus horaceki Benda & Vallo 2012 0 Vespertilio 0.725 Horáček's Horseshoe Bat None. Libya, Cyrenaica, Darnah district, circa 6 km. S of Darnah, Wadi Darnah Cyrenaica (Libya) Not Listed Not Evaluated Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Rhinolophus horaceki; Rhinolophus horaceki; Rhinolophus horaceki; Rhinolophus horaceki; horaceki; Rhinolophe de Horacek; Horacek-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Horacek; Horacek's Horseshoe Bat; Horáček's Horseshoe Bat; R. horaceki