http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1368	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckeni	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus deckenii		[MSW2] Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971:23); but see Koopman (1975:386).; [MSW3] ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).; [HMW] Rhinolophus deckenii Peters, 1868 , “ Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island ],” Tanzania . Rhinolophus deckenii is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is very similar to R silvestris , and the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly considered a subspecies of R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2023]  ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] ferrumequinumspecies group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).														deckenii				deckenii	deckenii			deckenii W. C. H. Peters, 1868|deckeni O. Thomas, 1910 [incorrect subsequent spelling]					Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus deckenii	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).	Peters	1868	Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for 1867, p. 705.	Distribution: Re stricted to Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, includ ing Pemba and Zanzibar islands.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Decken's horseshoe bat	Kenya, Tanzania	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Peters	1867	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1867:705.	Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971:23); but see Koopman (1975:386).	Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).		PETERS	1868	Horseshoe relatively broad. Anterior upper premolar extruded from toothrow and greatly reduced or lost. Anterior nasal swellings enlarged. Periotic bones somewhat enlarged, nar rowing median basioccipital. Size fairly large (forearm length, 48-55 mm).	Distribution: Re stricted to Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, includ ing Pemba and Zanzibar islands.	No subspecies.		54	species	R. deckeni	PETERS	1868	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus deckeni				Horseshoe relatively broad. Anterior upper premolar extruded from toothrow and greatly reduced or lost. Anterior nasal swellings enlarged. Periotic bones somewhat enlarged, nar rowing median basioccipital. Size fairly large (forearm length, 48-55 mm).	No subspecies.		22. R. deckeni PETERS 1868 [ferrumequinum group],	22	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus		deckenii	Peters		1867	1868	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1867		705		Decken's Horseshoe Bat	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).	Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Data Deficient.		ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).	885887A2FFC88A21F8B1FA48FB92DD65	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	293	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFC18A26F89AF3F4F964D1A2.xml	Rhinolophus deckend	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	deckend	Peters	1868	Decken’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe de Decken @fr | Decken-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Decken @es | Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus deckenii Peters, 1868 , “ Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island ],” Tanzania . Rhinolophus deckenii is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is very similar to R silvestris , and the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly considered a subspecies of R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic.	W Uganda , W & SE Kenya , W Tanzania , including Zanzibar Archipelago ( Pemba , Unguja, and Mafia Is), and apparently C Mozambique (Chinizuia Forest).	Head-body c. 51-67 mm , tail 25-33 mm , ear 18-27 mm , hindfoot 11—13 mm , forearm 48—56 mm . Decken’s Horseshoe Bat is very similar to the African Forest Horseshoe Bat ( AE Silvestris') but with lower nasal swellings and baculum with flattened, spatulated shaft. Dorsal pelage is medium grayish brown (hairs are grayish fawn, with medium grayish brown tips); venter is slightly paler. No orange morph is known. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are medium short in length (39-49% of forearm length). Noseleaf has subtriangular high lancet, with straight to slighdy concave sides and bluntly pointed tip; connecting process is rounded and subequal to height ofsella; sella is naked, with either parallel or slightly concave sides and broad, rounded tip; and horseshoe is medium in width at 9-1-11- 5 mm , covers entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has three grooves: middle groove is well defined, and outer two are poorly formed. Wings and uropatagium are brown and semi-translucent. Skull is robust, with sturdy zygomatic arches (zygomatic width is much larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are medium in relative height and have smoothly rounded lateral profile; frontal depression is moderately deep, with prominent supraorbital ridges; sagittal crest is well developed anteriorly and absent posteriorly ; and interpterygoid groove is shallow but conspicuous. P2 is tiny and completely displaced labially (although occasionally half displaced) or absent; C1 and P4 are usually separated by a narrow gap; and P3 absent, allowing P2 and P4 to touch. Dental formula is 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 30 or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 28. On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus silvestris ); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus hillorum ); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus sakejiensis ); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus bocharicus ); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus clivosus ); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus nippon ); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus horaceki ); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus maclaudi ); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ziama ); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus hilli ); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus kahuzi ); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus willardi ); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ruwenzorii ); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis ); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus macrotis ); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus osgoodi ); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus episcopus ); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus siamensis ); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus rex ); 48. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus marshalli ).	Small forest mosaics in coastal regions but also inland dry miombo woodlands at elevations of c. 650 m . Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in Afromontane habitats on Mt Kilimanjaro , Tanzania .	No information.	Pregnant Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been captured in August, October, and November.	Day roosts of Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in caverns and deep caves in coral/rock areas on Unguja Island and old man-made structures, including mud houses on Pemba Island .	Decken’s Horseshoe Bats occur in small colonies of less than 20 individuals. They have been recorded roosting with Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros caffer), Large-eared Slit-faced Bats { Nycteris macrotis ), and Egyptian Slit-faced Bats { N. thebaicd ).	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN ed List. Decken’s Horseshoe Bat is threatened by logging and agricultural expansion throughout its distribution, particularly in coastal areas.	ACR (2018) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Happold, M. (2013r) | Jacobs et al. (2008c) | Monadjem, Schoeman et al. (2010) | O'Brien (2011) | Stanley & Goodman (2011) | Stanley et al. (2005) | Trentin & Rovere (2011)	https://zenodo.org/record/3749960/files/figure.png	26 . Decken’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus deckend French: Rhinolophe de Decken / German: Decken-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Decken Other common names: Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus deckenii Peters, 1868 , “ Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island ],” Tanzania . Rhinolophus deckenii is in the ferrumequinum species group. It is very similar to R silvestris , and the two species might be conspecific. It was formerly considered a subspecies of R clivosus but is now generally regarded as a distinct species. Monotypic. Distribution. W Uganda , W & SE Kenya , W Tanzania , including Zanzibar Archipelago ( Pemba , Unguja, and Mafia Is), and apparently C Mozambique (Chinizuia Forest). Descriptive notes. Head-body c. 51-67 mm , tail 25-33 mm , ear 18-27 mm , hindfoot 11—13 mm , forearm 48—56 mm . Decken’s Horseshoe Bat is very similar to the African Forest Horseshoe Bat ( AE Silvestris') but with lower nasal swellings and baculum with flattened, spatulated shaft. Dorsal pelage is medium grayish brown (hairs are grayish fawn, with medium grayish brown tips); venter is slightly paler. No orange morph is known. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are medium short in length (39-49% of forearm length). Noseleaf has subtriangular high lancet, with straight to slighdy concave sides and bluntly pointed tip; connecting process is rounded and subequal to height ofsella; sella is naked, with either parallel or slightly concave sides and broad, rounded tip; and horseshoe is medium in width at 9-1-11- 5 mm , covers entire muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and distinct median emargination. Lower lip has three grooves: middle groove is well defined, and outer two are poorly formed. Wings and uropatagium are brown and semi-translucent. Skull is robust, with sturdy zygomatic arches (zygomatic width is much larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are medium in relative height and have smoothly rounded lateral profile; frontal depression is moderately deep, with prominent supraorbital ridges; sagittal crest is well developed anteriorly and absent posteriorly ; and interpterygoid groove is shallow but conspicuous. P2 is tiny and completely displaced labially (although occasionally half displaced) or absent; C1 and P4 are usually separated by a narrow gap; and P3 absent, allowing P2 and P4 to touch. Dental formula is 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 30 or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 28. On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus silvestris ); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus hillorum ); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus sakejiensis ); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus bocharicus ); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus clivosus ); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus nippon ); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus horaceki ); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus maclaudi ); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ziama ); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus hilli ); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus kahuzi ); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus willardi ); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus ruwenzorii ); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis ); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus macrotis ); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus osgoodi ); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus episcopus ); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus siamensis ); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus rex ); 48. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus marshalli ). Habitat. Small forest mosaics in coastal regions but also inland dry miombo woodlands at elevations of c. 650 m . Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in Afromontane habitats on Mt Kilimanjaro , Tanzania . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Pregnant Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been captured in August, October, and November. Activity patterns. Day roosts of Decken’s Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in caverns and deep caves in coral/rock areas on Unguja Island and old man-made structures, including mud houses on Pemba Island . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Decken’s Horseshoe Bats occur in small colonies of less than 20 individuals. They have been recorded roosting with Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bats { Hipposideros caffer), Large-eared Slit-faced Bats { Nycteris macrotis ), and Egyptian Slit-faced Bats { N. thebaicd ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN ed List. Decken’s Horseshoe Bat is threatened by logging and agricultural expansion throughout its distribution, particularly in coastal areas. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Csorba et al. (2003), Happold, M. (2013r), Jacobs et al. (2008c), Monadjem, Schoeman et al. (2010), O'Brien (2011), Stanley & Goodman (2011), Stanley et al. (2005),Trentin & Rovere (2011).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus deckenii	Rhinolophus		deckenii	Peters	1868	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1878:45:00	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).	Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus deckenii	23	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	deckenii	W. Peters	1867	0	Rhinolophus_deckenii	Peters, W. C. H. (1867). Ãœber Flederthiere (Pteropus Goudii, Rhinolophus Deckenii, Vespertilio lobipes, Vesperugo Temminckii) und Amphibien (Hypsilurus Godeffroyi, Lygosoma scutatum, Stenostoma narirostre, Onychocephalus unguirostris, Ahaetulla polylepis, Pseudechis scutellatus, Hoplobatrachus Reinhardtii, Hyla coriacea). Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867, 705.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112419#page/731/mode/1up	ZMB 3269		"Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island]," Tanzania.			deckenii W. Peters, 1868	NA	NA	Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Mozambique	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19537	Rhinolophus deckenii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	deckenii	Peters, 1868		20000000	Rhinolophus deckenii	Near Threatened	A4c	2020	2019-06-19 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Near Threatened as its global population is suspected to have declined by 25-30% over the past 15 years (two generations) and is expected to continue to decline over next 7.5 years (one generation; generation length = 7.5 years, Pacifici et al. 2013), making it close to qualifying as Vulnerable under A4c. Its extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO), and habitat is projected to continue to decline ;due to continuing threats from forest loss and degradation and cave loss, degradation, and disturbance.	There is little information available on the natural history of this poorly known bat. It is a forest dwelling species that closely associated with lowland coastal forests (Doggart et al. 1999). However, many records have been from either coastal forest or riparian forest below 500 m asl (Stanley et al. 2005; Monadjem et al. 2010a,b; but may extend up to 1,100 m asl in the Udzungwa mountains (Stanley et al. 2005) and over 900 m asl in East Usambara mountains (Stanley and Goodman 2011). This bat has also been found in lowland semi-evergreen and sub-montane evergreen forest ranging from 500-800 m asl in Tanzania (Trentin and Rovero 2011). This species appears to roost in caves (Monadjem et al. 2010a), but further information is needed on the roosting habits of this species.	This species is presumably threatened by the logging and conversion of forest land to agricultural use, especially in coastal areas. For example, deforestation of coastal forest in northern Mozambique is progressing at an alarming rate; the Chinizua forest (where one of the two Mozambique specimens was captured) has virtually disappeared due to logging. Cave disturbance and degradation are also key threats in some areas.	This species appears to live in small colonies of less than 20 individuals. It is reported to be locally common in some areas, such as the Manga Forest Reserve, Tanzania (Doggart et al.  1999) and Mozambique (Monadjem, unpublished data).	Decreasing	This little-known East African species has been recorded from Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania (Bogdanowicz and Owen, 1992, Cockle et al. 1998, Kityo I. 2009), including the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and central and northern Mozambique (Monadjem et al. 2010a,b).		Terrestrial	There appear to be no direct conservation measures in place. It has been recorded from some National Parks and Forest Reserves in Tanzania, including the Udzungwa National Park (Stanley et al. 2005) and the Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Trentin and Rovero 2011). It has been recorded from within the greater Gorongosa protected area. There is a need to maintain areas of suitable forest habitat for this species. Further research is needed into the species taxonomy, biology and overall natural history.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		deckenii	Peters	1868	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1878:45:00	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).	Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	Not listed.	Near Threatened	 ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).	Rhinolophus deckenii	1004678	23	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	deckenii	W. Peters	1867	0	Rhinolophus_deckenii	Peters, W. C. H. (1867). Ãœber Flederthiere (Pteropus Goudii, Rhinolophus Deckenii, Vespertilio lobipes, Vesperugo Temminckii) und Amphibien (Hypsilurus Godeffroyi, Lygosoma scutatum, Stenostoma narirostre, Onychocephalus unguirostris, Ahaetulla polylepis, Pseudechis scutellatus, Hoplobatrachus Reinhardtii, Hyla coriacea). Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867, 705.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112419#page/731/mode/1up	ZMB 3269		"Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island]," Tanzania.			deckenii W. Peters, 1868	NA	NA				Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Mozambique	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_deckenii	1004678	23	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	deckenii	W. C. H. Peters	0	Rhinolophus Deckenii	Peters, W.C.H. 1868. Ãœber Flederthiere und Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1867:703-712.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36510984	ZMB 3269	holotype		"Zanzibarküste [= Zanzibar Coast, mainland opposite Zanzibar Island]," Tanzania.			NA	NA				Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Mozambique	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_deckenii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		deckenii	Peters	1868	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1878:45:00	Decken's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Tanzania, "Zanzibar coast" (mainland opposite Zanzibar).	Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19537/21979537/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	ferrumequinumspecies group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba etal. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus deckenii; Rhinolophus deckenii; Rhinolophus deckenii; Rhinolophus deckenii; Rhinolophus deckenii; Rhinolophus deckenii; deckenii; Decken’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe de Decken; Decken-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Decken; Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat; Decken's Horseshoe Bat; Eastern Africa Horseshoe Bat; Decken's Horseshoe Bat; Decken's Horseshoe Bat; R. deckenii