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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1365	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus creaghi		[MSW2] Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982:458).; [MSW3] euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [HMW] Rhinolophus creaghi Thomas, 1896 , “ Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo], ” Malaysia . Rhinolophus creaghi is included in the euryotis species group, along with R. canuti , R. mcintyrei , R. euryotis , R. tatar , R. belligerator , R. proconsulis , R. arcuatus , R. inops , R.subrufus , R.rufus , R affinis , R.andamanensis , R. coelophyllus , R. shameli , R. microglobosus , and R. stheno . The euryotis group is currendy not well defined and includes a number of taxa that have typically been placed in other species groups (particularly the megaphyllus group). The current arrangement is based mainly on genetic data, but further sampling is needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationships of the species within this group. Current genetic data indicate that the euryotis group is probably either close to the pearsonii , trifoliatus , hipposideros , and rouxii groups, or is sister to a clade including the pusillus , megaphyllus , philippinensis , and macrotis groups, but genetic data are still limited. Genetic data have placed. creaghi close to R. affinis , R shameli , R arcuatus , and R subrufus . Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [batnames2023]  euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [batnames2025_1.7] euryotisspecies group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).				canuti, pilosus		pilosus.	creaghi, pilosus	creaghi, pilosus		creaghi, pilosus		creaghi, pilosus		creaghi, pilosus		creaghi, pilosus		creaghi, pilosus 	creaghi, pilosus 	creaghi, pilosus		creaghi O. Thomas, 1896|pilosus Andersen, 1918		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Creagh's horseshoe bat	Borneo, Java, Madura I	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Rhinolophus creaghi	Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan.	Thomas	1896	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 18:244.	Dis tribution: Confined to Borneo and Madura (off northern coast of Java).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Creagh's horseshoe bat	Borneo, Madura I	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1896	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 18:244.	Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982:458).	Borneo; Madura Isl, Java, and Timor (Indonesia).	Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan.		THOMAS	1896	Anterior edge of horseshoe narrowly emar ginated, the emargination extended posteriorly as a narrow groove reaching less than halfway to internarial region. Upper part of sella thickened posteriorly. Connecting process obsolete, hairs at base forming a dense, bristly subconical tuft. Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-50 mm).	Dis tribution: Confined to Borneo and Madura (off northern coast of Java).	Two subspecies are re cognized:	R. c. creaghi (Borneo), R. c. pilosus (Madura).	58	species	R. creaghi	THOMAS	1896	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus creaghi				Anterior edge of horseshoe narrowly emar ginated, the emargination extended posteriorly as a narrow groove reaching less than halfway to internarial region. Upper part of sella thickened posteriorly. Connecting process obsolete, hairs at base forming a dense, bristly subconical tuft. Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-50 mm).	Two subspecies are re cognized:		57. R. creaghi THOMAS 1896 [euryotis group],	57	_R. c. creaghi_ Thomas, 1896; _R. c. pilosus_ Andersen, 1918			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus		creaghi	Thomas		1896		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6	18		244		Creagh's Horseshoe Bat	Malaysia, N Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan.	Borneo; Madura Isl, Kalimantan, (Indonesia); Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	pilosus K. Andersen, 1918.	euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	317	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFE98A0FFF53FEFDFE63D66D.xml	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	creaghi	Thomas	1896	Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophede Creagh @fr | Creagh-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Creagh @es	Rhinolophus creaghi Thomas, 1896 , “ Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo], ” Malaysia . Rhinolophus creaghi is included in the euryotis species group, along with R. canuti , R. mcintyrei , R. euryotis , R. tatar , R. belligerator , R. proconsulis , R. arcuatus , R. inops , R.subrufus , R.rufus , R affinis , R.andamanensis , R. coelophyllus , R. shameli , R. microglobosus , and R. stheno . The euryotis group is currendy not well defined and includes a number of taxa that have typically been placed in other species groups (particularly the megaphyllus group). The current arrangement is based mainly on genetic data, but further sampling is needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationships of the species within this group. Current genetic data indicate that the euryotis group is probably either close to the pearsonii , trifoliatus , hipposideros , and rouxii groups, or is sister to a clade including the pusillus , megaphyllus , philippinensis , and macrotis groups, but genetic data are still limited. Genetic data have placed. creaghi close to R. affinis , R shameli , R arcuatus , and R subrufus . Two subspecies recognized.	R c. creaghi Thomas, 1896 - Palawan I ( Philippines ) and N, W & E Borneo (including Banggi I ), although it probably occurs more widely in Borneo. . c. pilosus K.	Head-body 51 mm ( holotype ), tail 11- 1-16 mm , ear 18- 8-25 mm , forearm 46-54- 4 mm ; weight 10-5—13- 5 g . Dorsal pelage is generally dark brown to olive brown, and ventral pelage is paler. Ears are small to medium-sized. Noseleaf has a relatively long lancet with slightly concave sides; connecting process is virtually absent but there is a distinctive tuft of compact, dense hair at base of the lancet (hairs are long and dark brown, and in pilosus they are modified with their distal halves being flattened into a blade-like structure); sella has constricted base at narial cup and is more or less ellipsoid in outline above; horseshoe is moderately wide (9-8—11- 4 mm ) and has poorly developed secondary leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is heavily built (zygomatic breadth is slightly greater than or subequal to mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are high and bulbous; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior compartments are not well developed; rostral profile is distinctly concave; sagittal crest is moderately to well developed; frontal depression is deep; supraorbital crests are prominent and often have sharp ridges. C1 is moderately strong but low; P 2 is well developed and slightly extruded from tooth row; P3 is minute and fully extruded from tooth row or completely absent; P2 and P4 are in contact. Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for genus, or only 30 teeth when lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60 ( Sabah , northern Borneo).	Mostly primary forest in both lowland and highland regions. On Palawan , common in primary lowland forest from near sea level up to at least 700 m ; can occur up to 1500 m elsewhere in its distribution.	No information.	Eight pregnant females ( out of 135 total females captured) were reported in December on Palawan .	Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves. A call frequency of 68 kHz was recorded from a hand-held individual in Sabah .	Creagh’s Horseshoe Bats often roost in large numbers, with colonies of hundreds or thousands.	Classified as Least Concern on 77 ze IUCN ed List. Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat has a widespread, although somewhat scattered, distribution and is considered locally common in parts of its range. It may be locally threatened by roost disturbance from limestone extraction and guano mining, and by general habitat destruction by deforestation. It is hunted for food on Palawan , although this is not viewed as a substantial threat.	Csorba et al. (2003) | Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004) | Harada & Kobayashi (1980) | Hill (1958, 1959) | Hutson, Kingston, Esselstyn & Maryanto (2008) | Ketol et al. (2005) | Payne et al. (1985) | Phillipps & Phillipps (2016) | Rahman & Abdullah (2002) | Sazali et al. (2011) | Struebig et al. (2012) | Suyanto (1998) | Yasuma (1994) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750058/files/figure.png	75 . Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus creaghi French: Rhinolophe de Creagh / German: Creagh-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Creagh Taxonomy. Rhinolophus creaghi Thomas, 1896 , “ Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo], ” Malaysia . Rhinolophus creaghi is included in the euryotis species group, along with R. canuti , R. mcintyrei , R. euryotis , R. tatar , R. belligerator , R. proconsulis , R. arcuatus , R. inops , R.subrufus , R.rufus , R affinis , R.andamanensis , R. coelophyllus , R. shameli , R. microglobosus , and R. stheno . The euryotis group is currendy not well defined and includes a number of taxa that have typically been placed in other species groups (particularly the megaphyllus group). The current arrangement is based mainly on genetic data, but further sampling is needed to achieve a better understanding of the relationships of the species within this group. Current genetic data indicate that the euryotis group is probably either close to the pearsonii , trifoliatus , hipposideros , and rouxii groups, or is sister to a clade including the pusillus , megaphyllus , philippinensis , and macrotis groups, but genetic data are still limited. Genetic data have placed. creaghi close to R. affinis , R shameli , R arcuatus , and R subrufus . Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R c. creaghi Thomas, 1896 - Palawan I ( Philippines ) and N, W & E Borneo (including Banggi I ), although it probably occurs more widely in Borneo. . c. pilosus K. Andersen, 1918 — Lesser Sunda Is (Madura, Nusa Penida, Flores , Semau, and Roti), Descriptive notes. Head-body 51 mm ( holotype ), tail 11- 1-16 mm , ear 18- 8-25 mm , forearm 46-54- 4 mm ; weight 10-5—13- 5 g . Dorsal pelage is generally dark brown to olive brown, and ventral pelage is paler. Ears are small to medium-sized. Noseleaf has a relatively long lancet with slightly concave sides; connecting process is virtually absent but there is a distinctive tuft of compact, dense hair at base of the lancet (hairs are long and dark brown, and in pilosus they are modified with their distal halves being flattened into a blade-like structure); sella has constricted base at narial cup and is more or less ellipsoid in outline above; horseshoe is moderately wide (9-8—11- 4 mm ) and has poorly developed secondary leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is heavily built (zygomatic breadth is slightly greater than or subequal to mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are high and bulbous; lateral swellings are well developed; posterior compartments are not well developed; rostral profile is distinctly concave; sagittal crest is moderately to well developed; frontal depression is deep; supraorbital crests are prominent and often have sharp ridges. C1 is moderately strong but low; P 2 is well developed and slightly extruded from tooth row; P3 is minute and fully extruded from tooth row or completely absent; P2 and P4 are in contact. Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for genus, or only 30 teeth when lower premolar is missing. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 62 and FNa = 60 ( Sabah , northern Borneo). Habitat. Mostly primary forest in both lowland and highland regions. On Palawan , common in primary lowland forest from near sea level up to at least 700 m ; can occur up to 1500 m elsewhere in its distribution. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Eight pregnant females ( out of 135 total females captured) were reported in December on Palawan . Activity patterns. Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves. A call frequency of 68 kHz was recorded from a hand-held individual in Sabah . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Creagh’s Horseshoe Bats often roost in large numbers, with colonies of hundreds or thousands. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on 77 ze IUCN ed List. Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat has a widespread, although somewhat scattered, distribution and is considered locally common in parts of its range. It may be locally threatened by roost disturbance from limestone extraction and guano mining, and by general habitat destruction by deforestation. It is hunted for food on Palawan , although this is not viewed as a substantial threat. Bibliography. Csorba eta/. (2003), Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004), Harada & Kobayashi (1980), Hill (1958, 1959), Hutson, Kingston, Esselstyn & Maryanto (2008), Ketol eta /. (2005), Payne eta /. (1985), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Rahman & Abdullah (2002), Sazali eta/. (2011), Struebig et al. (2012), Suyanto (1998), Yasuma (1994), Zhang Lin eta/. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus creaghi	Rhinolophus		creaghi	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 244	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat	<b> pilosus </b>K. Andersen, 1918.	Malaysia, N Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan.	Borneo; Madura Isl, Kalimantan, (Indonesia); Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus creaghi	23	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	creaghi	O. Thomas	1896	0	Rhinolophus_creaghi	Thomas, O. (1896). On mammals from Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippines recently received at the British Museum. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 6, 18, 244.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63342#page/280/mode/1up	BM 1896.7.30.1		"Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo]," Malaysia.			creaghi O. Thomas, 1896|pilosus K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA	Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19535	Rhinolophus creaghi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	creaghi	Thomas, 1896		20000000	Rhinolophus creaghi	Least Concern		2020	2018-08-04 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern as the species is widely distributed, even more so than previously thought, and locally abundant. However, deforestation and karst disturbance are threatening this species, although populations are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	On Palawan, the species is common in primary lowland forest from near sea level up to at least 700 m asl (Esselstyn et al . 2004), and has also been collected in primary forests in Indonesia (I. Maryanto pers. comm. 2006). It roosts in caves, often in large numbers, with colonies of hundreds or thousands (Payne et al . 1985, Esselstyn et al . 2004, Maryanto pers. comm. 2006). Of 135 adult females captured at one site in December 1999, eight were pregnant (Esselstyn et al . 2004).	There is disturbance of the species' cave roosts, for limestone extraction and guano mining, and it is also affected by deforestation due to logging and agricultural development. It is hunted in the Philippines, but not in Indonesia, and not at a level that currently constitutes a threat to the species. There may be threats of local extinction if the roost sites (caves) are not protected.	This species is locally abundant and the global population is thought to be declining, but not at a rate to qualify it as threatened.	Decreasing	This species has been recorded from Borneo, Madura, and recently also from Palawan in the Philippines (Esselstyn et al.  2004). It has been reported from various sites in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) by Yasuma (1994). In Sabah there are known from lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Reserve, Madai Forest Reserve, Imbak Canyon, Pulau Bangi (Rahman and Abdullah 2002). In Sarawak this species has been recorded in Niah National Park, Mulu National Park, Gunung Gading National Park dan juga Lesung National Park (Shazali et al.  2018). It is unclear whether the species occurs throughout Borneo or whether it is restricted to areas with caves. It has also been collected from Nusa Penida, Semau, Roti (I. Maryanto pers. comm. 2006). Confirmation is required as to whether the record from Flores is R. creaghi or R. canuti (Suyanto 1998). Records from Timor are provisionally assigned to R. canuti .		Terrestrial	The species occurs in many of protected areas throughout its distribution, however as it is a cave dependent species, there is a need to protect these sensitive sites from mining and over exploitation of cave tourism.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		creaghi	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 244	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat	<b> pilosus </b>K. Andersen, 1918.	Malaysia, N Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan.	Borneo; Madura Isl, Kalimantan, (Indonesia); Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Rhinolophus creaghi	1004675	23	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	creaghi	O. Thomas	1896	0	Rhinolophus_creaghi	Thomas, O. (1896). On mammals from Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippines recently received at the British Museum. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 6, 18, 244.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63342#page/280/mode/1up	BM 1896.7.30.1		"Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo]," Malaysia.			creaghi O. Thomas, 1896|pilosus K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_creaghi	1004675	23	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	creaghi	O. Thomas	0	Rhinolophus Creaghi	Thomas, O. 1896-09-01. On mammals from Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippines recently received at the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)18(105):241-250.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15628431	BMNH:Mamm:1896.7.30.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1d927514-0bb6-4645-8da0-6574f4100798	"Sandakan, British N[orth]. Borneo [= Borneo]," Malaysia.			NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia|Brunei|Malaysia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_creaghi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		creaghi	Thomas	1896	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 6, 18: 244	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat	pilosus K. Andersen, 1918.	Malaysia, N Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan.	Borneo; Madura Isl, Kalimantan, (Indonesia); Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19535/21981495/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	euryotisspecies group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus creaghi; Rhinolophus creaghi; Rhinolophus creaghi; Rhinolophus creaghi; Rhinolophus creaghi; Rhinolophus creaghi; creaghi; pilosus; creaghi; pilosus; pilosus; creaghi; pilosus; Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophede Creagh; Creagh-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Creagh; Creagh's Horseshoe Bat; Creagh's Horseshoe Bat; Creagh's Horseshoe Bat; R. creaghi