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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1362	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus hildebrandtii [synonym of]	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus cohenae		[HMW] Rhinolophus cohenae P. J. Taylor et al, 2012 , “ Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala , Mpumalanga Province , South Africa , 25° 43’ 8”S ; 31° 15’ 58” E ; elevation 690 m asl.” Rhinolophus cohenae is in the fumigatus species group and in a clade including R hildebrandtii , R mabuensis , and R smithersi . Specimens of R cohenaewere previously identified as R hildebrandtii , but recent genetic and morphological studies justified its separate species status. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] <fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.; [IUCN] In previous Red List assessments (2008), this species was included within Rhinolophus hildebrandtii . Taxonomic changes, based on molecular systematics and differences in morphology, echolocation call frequencies and biogeography, have taken place within the R. hildebrandtii complex. R. hildebrandtii was revised in 2012 (Taylor et al . 2012) and R. cohenae recognised as one of the four newly described species from this species complex.; [batnames2023] <fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.; [MDD2023] recently described, although it may be a synonym of R. hildebrandtii based on recent molecular reseach; the species is tentatively retained here awaiting further research; [MDD2025_2.0] recently described, although it may be a synonym of R. hildebrandtii based on recent molecular reseach; the species is tentatively retained here awaiting further research; [batnames2025_1.7] <fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.; [MDD2025_2.2] recently described, although it may be a synonym of R. hildebrandtii based on recent molecular reseach; the species is tentatively retained here awaiting further research															In previous Red List assessments (2008), this species was included within Rhinolophus hildebrandtii . Taxonomic changes, based on molecular systematics and differences in morphology, echolocation call frequencies and biogeography, have taken place within the R. hildebrandtii complex. R. hildebrandtii was revised in 2012 (Taylor et al . 2012) and R. cohenae recognised as one of the four newly described species from this species complex.			cohenae	cohenae			cohenae P. J. Taylor, S. Stoffberg, Monadjem, M. C. Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012						N/A																																								NA																											885887A2FFD08A09F8B3F3E5FDDDD522	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	289	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFC58A22F883F13FFB1CDF1A.xml	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	cohenae	P. J. Taylor et al.	2012	Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe de Cohen @fr | Cohen-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Cohen @es	Rhinolophus cohenae P. J. Taylor et al, 2012 , “ Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala , Mpumalanga Province , South Africa , 25° 43’ 8”S ; 31° 15’ 58” E ; elevation 690 m asl.” Rhinolophus cohenae is in the fumigatus species group and in a clade including R hildebrandtii , R mabuensis , and R smithersi . Specimens of R cohenaewere previously identified as R hildebrandtii , but recent genetic and morphological studies justified its separate species status. Monotypic.	Known from a few localities in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces near Mbombela (= Nelspruit), NE South Africa .	Forearm 66-68 mm . Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is similar to Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat ( hildebrandtii ). Dorsal pelage of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is gray to grayish brown; venter is slighdy paler. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are medium-long in length. Noseleaf has low and rounded connecting process (in lateral view) that, in general, is similar to Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat, except horseshoe is considerably wider at 13-5—16- 3 mm . Lower lip of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat has single groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark grayish brown. Skull is robust, elongated, flattened in lateral profile, and similar to other species in the hildebrandtii clade. Dental formula is 32 or 30 teeth when an upper premolar is absent; P2 is frequentiy conspicuous and located in tooth row (a feature never seen in Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat) or entirely absent; if absent, C1 and P4 are in contact.	Open savanna and grassland habitats, specifically mesic Highveld grassland, Lowveld, and central Bushveld bioregions, at elevations of 600-1100 m .	No information.	No information.	Colonies of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bats are known to roost primarily in caves and abandoned mine shafts, although smaller day roosts have been found in fissures and crevices in rocky areas. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with F component of 33 kHz in South Africa .	Up to 40 Cohen’s Horseshoe Bats have been reported in a single colony.	Classified as Vulnerable on 77ie IUCN Red List. Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is currendy only known from a few specimens in a restricted distribution and primarily threatened by illegal mining and general climate change.	ACR (2018) | Cohen et al. (2017) | Taylor et al. (2012)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750150/files/figure.png	19 . Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus cohenae French: Rhinolophe de Cohen / German: Cohen-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Cohen Taxonomy. Rhinolophus cohenae P. J. Taylor et al, 2012 , “ Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala , Mpumalanga Province , South Africa , 25° 43’ 8”S ; 31° 15’ 58” E ; elevation 690 m asl.” Rhinolophus cohenae is in the fumigatus species group and in a clade including R hildebrandtii , R mabuensis , and R smithersi . Specimens of R cohenaewere previously identified as R hildebrandtii , but recent genetic and morphological studies justified its separate species status. Monotypic. Distribution. Known from a few localities in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces near Mbombela (= Nelspruit), NE South Africa . Descriptive notes. Forearm 66-68 mm . Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is similar to Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat ( hildebrandtii ). Dorsal pelage of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is gray to grayish brown; venter is slighdy paler. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are medium-long in length. Noseleaf has low and rounded connecting process (in lateral view) that, in general, is similar to Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat, except horseshoe is considerably wider at 13-5—16- 3 mm . Lower lip of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat has single groove. Wings and uropatagium are dark grayish brown. Skull is robust, elongated, flattened in lateral profile, and similar to other species in the hildebrandtii clade. Dental formula is 32 or 30 teeth when an upper premolar is absent; P2 is frequentiy conspicuous and located in tooth row (a feature never seen in Hildebrandt’s Horseshoe Bat) or entirely absent; if absent, C1 and P4 are in contact. Habitat. Open savanna and grassland habitats, specifically mesic Highveld grassland, Lowveld, and central Bushveld bioregions, at elevations of 600-1100 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Colonies of Cohen’s Horseshoe Bats are known to roost primarily in caves and abandoned mine shafts, although smaller day roosts have been found in fissures and crevices in rocky areas. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, with F component of 33 kHz in South Africa . Movements, Home range and Social organization. Up to 40 Cohen’s Horseshoe Bats have been reported in a single colony. Status and Conservation . Classified as Vulnerable on 77ie IUCN Red List. Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat is currendy only known from a few specimens in a restricted distribution and primarily threatened by illegal mining and general climate change. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Cohen et al. (2017), Taylor et al. (2012).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus cohenae	Rhinolophus		cohenae	Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill	2012	0	PLoS ONE	7(9): 16	Cohen's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa	Known only from the type locality.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	<fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	synonym of Rhinolophus hildebrandtii																																													IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	60000000	Rhinolophus cohenae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	cohenae	Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss &; Cotterill, 2012	In previous Red List assessments (2008), this species was included within Rhinolophus hildebrandtii . Taxonomic changes, based on molecular systematics and differences in morphology, echolocation call frequencies and biogeography, have taken place within the R. hildebrandtii complex. R. hildebrandtii was revised in 2012 (Taylor et al . 2012) and R. cohenae recognised as one of the four newly described species from this species complex.	60000000	Rhinolophus cohenae	Vulnerable	C2a(ii); D1	2017	2016-04-27 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">A recently described species endemic to South Africa and known from the Mpumalanga Escarpment, and from a few records in the south east of Limpopo Province with an estimated extent of occurrence of 15,640 km². There are inferred to be fewer than 1,000 mature individuals (and certainly fewer than 10,000) in the population. Colonies are usually small, numbering only a few individuals. The greatest number of mature individuals counted at a single site was ± 40. All recorded colonies are suspected to comprise the same subpopulation. An ongoing decline is inferred to be taking place as a result of loss of habitat due to poor land-use management practices, mining activities, agricultural intensification as well as infestation by alien invasive plant species. Further field surveys and vetting of museum records are needed to more accurately delimit the distribution range of the species. Currently, we list the species as Vulnerable C2a(ii) and D1.</p>	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">The species mainly occurs in the Mesic Highveld Grassland Bioregion but also occurs in the Lowveld Bioregion and the Central Bushveld Bioregion. Key roosting sites include subterranean habitats like caves and old mine adits. They have been recorded day-roosting in rock crevices and fissures, and are occasionally observed in old buildings. Thus its occurrence is in most cases subject to suitable sheltered and/or subterranean habitats. Regions with rock habitats that form cavities are of utmost importance for the survival of this species. Artificially created habitat such as abandoned mine or prospecting shafts/tunnels within various vegetation types also serve as important/essential habitat sanctuaries. Rhinolophus cohenae requires suitable natural habitat outside roost sites for foraging. Individuals are normally encountered in very small groups of which around 40 was the highest number counted at one locality consisting of a maze of old mine tunnels. ;</p>	The Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency (MTPA) mapped all development applications received at a cadastral scale over a 14-year period (2000-2014), which showed that greatest pressure for land-use change has come from prospecting applications (54% of the land surface area) and mining (25% of land surface area) (Lötter et al . 2014). A major threat within this species’ range is mining (legal, illegal and recommissioning of old mines). Future developments at the above rates or even higher are likely to cause further detriment towards natural ecosystems and processes and in particular, disturb or destroy foraging grounds and roosting and maternity sites, or alter key micro-climates needed by the species. Additionally, loss of natural habitat around roost sites through poor land-use management practices, (such as inappropriate burning regimes, overgrazing and alteration of vegetation structure negatively affect foraging areas and prey base), land development activities including agricultural intensification (Driver et al . 2012), and alien invasive plant infestations are causing a decline in available habitat for foraging. Climate change may also influence micro-climate distribution. This species is very dependent on suitable subterranean environments for roosting and maternity requirements and associated natural habitats for foraging. These sites are limited throughout its distribution range and beyond. The effects of climate change can severely impact on the survival of this species if the above is not provided for and not adequate for habitation any more.	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">In total, 240 individuals have been counted in surveys but this is an underestimate. The total population is thus inferred to be fewer than 1,000 mature individuals and thus certainly fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, as this species is encountered in small groups of which around 40 individuals was the highest number counted at a single site.<span class="datalabel1"> All recorded colonies are suspected to be part of one subpopulation. ;</span></p>	Decreasing	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">This newly described species has been recorded so far only from the two northernmost provinces of South Africa. Known from the Mpumalanga escarpment from Mariepskop, Abel Erasmus Pass to Barberton with the southernmost known locality between Badplaas and Machadodorp, its distribution falls within an elevational range of 457 m to 1,698 m asl. As such, the main centre of its geographical range currently lies in the Mpumalanga Province with distribution just crossing into the Limpopo Province. <span lang="EN-ZA">The type locality for this species is from the Barberton Mountainlands Nature Reserve in Barberton, Mpumalanga Province at an elevation of 690 m asl <span lang="EN-ZA">(Taylor et al . 2012)<span lang="EN-ZA">. This species appears to inhabit the Grassland and Savannah Biomes and further surveys and specimen reappraisal <span lang="EN-ZA">of existing museum material, previously referred to as R. hildebrandtii <span lang="EN-ZA">(ACR 2013)<span lang="EN-ZA">, <span lang="EN-ZA">will probably reveal a wider distribution range.</span></span></span></span></p>	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">This species is not known to be utilised or traded in any form. ;</p>	Terrestrial	<p><span lang="EN-ZA">The species occurs in the Mariepskop Primary Conservation Area and Barberton Mountainlands Nature Reserve. ;No specific conservation actions directed towards this species at the moment. The MTPA has developed the Mpumalanga Biodiversity Sector Plan (MBSP) that indicates areas of high conservation value and is based on a systematic conservation plan which considers the distribution of all species and their habitat, sets quantitative targets for these and tries to find the most sufficient selection of areas to meet these targets. A few R. cohenae 's localities fall within the boundaries of protected areas but most are situated on private land. The MBSP has categorised areas in term of. its biodiversity value and R. cohenae localities located within the Protected Area and Critical Biodiversity and Ecological Support Areas will potentially receive the best protection measures from a land development perspective where certain activities will not be allowed or be restricted. With regards to all other areas, the MBSP land-use guidelines should also be followed and Environmental Impact Assessment legislative tools applied.</span></p>	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		cohenae	Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill	2012	0	PLoS ONE	7(9): 16	Cohen's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa	Known only from the type locality.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	<fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.	Rhinolophus cohenae	1004672	23	Cohen's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	cohenae	P. J. Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill	2012	0	Rhinolophus_cohenae	Taylor, P. J., Stoffberg, S., Monadjem, A., Schoeman, M. C., Bayliss, J., & Cotterill, F. P. (2012). Four new bat species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago. PLoS one, 7(9), 16.	https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0041744	DM 8626		Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, 25° 43' 8" S; 31° 15' 58" E; elevation 690 m asl."	-25.7189	31.266111	cohenae P. J. Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012	recently described, although it may be a synonym of R. hildebrandtii based on recent molecular reseach; the species is tentatively retained here awaiting further research	Taylor, P. J., Stoffberg, S., Monadjem, A., Schoeman, M. C., Bayliss, J., & Cotterill, F. P. (2012). Four new bat species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago. PLoS one, 7(9), e41744.|Demos, T. C., Webala, P. W., Goodman, S. M., Peterhans, J. C. K., Bartonjo, M., & Patterson, B. D. (2019). Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics. BMC evolutionary biology, 19(1), 1-14.				South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	VU	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_cohenae	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_cohenae	1004672	23	Cohen's Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	cohenae	P. J. Taylor, S. Stoffberg, Monadjem, M. C. Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill	0	Rhinolophus cohenae	Taylor, P.J., Stoffberg, S., Monadjem, A., Schoeman, M.C., Bayliss, J. and Cotterill, F.P.D. 2012-09-12. Four new bat species (_Rhinolophus hildebrandtii_ complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago. PLoS ONE 7(9):e41744.	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041744	DNSM 8626	holotype		Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, 25° 43' 8" S; 31° 15' 58" E; elevation 690 m asl."	-25.7189	31.26611	recently described, although it may be a synonym of R. hildebrandtii based on recent molecular reseach; the species is tentatively retained here awaiting further research	Taylor, P. J., Stoffberg, S., Monadjem, A., Schoeman, M. C., Bayliss, J., & Cotterill, F. P. (2012). Four new bat species (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii complex) reflect Plio-Pleistocene divergence of dwarfs and giants across an Afromontane archipelago. PLoS one, 7(9), e41744.|Demos, T. C., Webala, P. W., Goodman, S. M., Peterhans, J. C. K., Bartonjo, M., & Patterson, B. D. (2019). Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics. BMC evolutionary biology, 19(1), 1-14.				South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	VU	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_cohenae	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		cohenae	Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss & Cotterill	2012	0	PLoS ONE	7(9): 16	Cohen's Horseshoe Bat	None.	Barberton, Mountainland Nature Reserve, 68 km SE Sudwala, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa	Known only from the type locality.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/64587154/64587542/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	<fumigatus species group. Given the morphological and acoustic distinctiveness of this taxon (see Taylor et al., 2018), we provisionally continue to recognize cohenae as a valid species. However, molecular results based on cytochrome b presented by Demos et al. (2019) suggest that cohenae may be a synonym of hildebrandtii . Requires additional research.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus cohenae; Rhinolophus cohenae; Rhinolophus hildebrandtii; Rhinolophus cohenae; Rhinolophus cohenae; Cohen’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe de Cohen; Cohen-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Cohen; Cohen's Horseshoe Bat; R. cohenae