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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L137	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Natalus macer	Natalus micropus [synonym of]	Natalus micropus [synonym of]	Natalus micropus [synonym of]	Natalus micropus macer	Chilonatalus micropus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus macer		[HMW] Chilonatalus macer G. S. Miller, 1914 , “Baracoa [ Guantanamo Province ], Cuba .” Chilonatalus macer was often included in C. micropus , but it is most closely related to C. tumidifrons and distinct from both. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).; [MDD2022] split from C. micropus; [IUCN] The species was previously included Chilonatulus micropus , now it is considered a distinct species (Tejedor 2011).; [batnames2023] Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).; [MDD2023] split from C. micropus; [MDD2025_2.0] split from C. micropus; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from C. micropus														macer	The species was previously included Chilonatulus micropus , now it is considered a distinct species (Tejedor 2011).			macer	macer			macer G. S. Miller, 1914		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Cuba		N/A																																								NA																											290787FFFFA61870FA369964EF233FB9	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Natalidae_584.pdf.imf	hash://md5/d53eff87ffa41873ffba9505eb7b3516	591	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/29/07/87/290787FFFFA61870FA369964EF233FB9.xml	Chilonatalus macer	Natalidae	Chilonatalus	macer	G. S. Miller	1914	Natalide de Cuba @fr | Kleines Kuba-Trichterohr @de | Natalido menor de Cuba @es | Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat @en	Chilonatalus macer G. S. Miller, 1914 , “Baracoa [ Guantanamo Province ], Cuba .” Chilonatalus macer was often included in C. micropus , but it is most closely related to C. tumidifrons and distinct from both. Monotypic.	Cuba , including Isla de la Juventud .	Ear 12:7-16-4 mm, forearm 32:3-33-4 mm (males) and 32.1-33-8 mm (females); weight 2-6-3-3 g (males) and 2-6-3-2 g (females). Pelage is dense, long, light brown to orange-brown, lighter dorsally, and bicolored, with tips darker than bases. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip. Dermal outgrowths are present around mouth. Ears are broad and square-shaped, with vestigial 2-3 ear pleats, straight anterior and lateral margins, and relatively rounded apex. Natalid organ of males is melon-shaped, up to one-half the length of skull, and covering one-half of dorsum of rostrum and forehead. Wings are broad and relatively pointed, inserting to tibia at its proximal one-half. Free edge of uropatagium has fine fringe of hairs. Penis is short. Rostrum is long and narrow, and braincase is inflated, rising gradually from rostrum. Crown of second premolar is about as high as that of third premolar. Skull constriction between orbits is relatively wide, ridge between basisphenoid furrows is narrow, and second premolar is not crowded.	Most commonly mesic habitats such as semideciduous to evergreen forests and occasionally more xeric environments such as thorn scrub at elevations of 0-230 m. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat roosts in warm and humid caves that can include hot sections, but it has also been found solitarily in cooler and drier caves.	The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat feeds mostly on moths (Lepidoptera) and occasionally spiders. It can carry ¢.30% ofits body weight in its stomach.	Pregnant Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats have been found in May, lactating and post-lactating females in August, and reproductively inactive females in December—March, indicating a reproductive pattern similar to that of other Caribbean natalids.	The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is nocturnal. Foraging exodus of large colonies begins c.14 minutes after sunset and lasts for more than 30 minutes. Some individuals have been captured returning to their roosts late at night (23:00 h), suggesting long periods of activity throughout the night. It has an amazingly maneuverable flight. It is able to fly without hovering within reduced spaces (0-13 m®) and is easily distinguishable inside caves by its rather rectilinear flight path and its very slow and shallow wingbeat. Such slow, maneuverable flight, coupled with its small size, might enable it to forage in denser vegetation than most other Neotropical bats.	Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats generally form groups of 30-50 individuals. They gather in protected areas oflow ceilings, keeping a wide distance from each other, and usually hanging from a single foot. Sexes can segregate, with females roosting deep in warmer areas of caves and males occupying cooler areas near entrances. With its slow flight and high susceptibility to dehydration, home ranges of Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats must be very small. Instances in which they have been found roosting solitarily in highly unusual conditions, such as inside a camping tent or on a sugarcane sapling, suggest that occasionally some individuals are unable to return to their permanent roosts before sunrise. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat has been found coexisting in the same caves with 13 other bat species. Although it usually roosts separately, isolated individuals or small groups can roost together with other small bats such as the Sooty Mustached Bat (Pteronotus quadridens) and Gervais’s Funnel-eared Bat ( Nyctiellus lepidus ).	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Until being considered a distinct species, the Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat was included in the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (C. micropus ), which is classified as Vulnerable. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is known from 33 localities, of which 19 are caves. Colonies are relatively small, containing from a few dozen to a few hundred bats per cave.	Garcia & Mancina, Echenique-Diaz (2011) | Mancina et al. (2007) | Miller (1914) | Ottenwalder & Genoways (1982) | Silva-Taboada (1979) | Tejedor (2011) | Tejedor, Tavares & Silva (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/6811104/files/figure.png	3. Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat Chilonatalus macer French: Natalide de Cuba / German: Kleines Kuba-Trichterohr / Spanish: Natalido menor de Cuba Other common names: Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat On following pages: 4. Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat ( Chilonatalus tumidifrons ); 5. Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus major ); 8. Woolly Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus lanatus ); 9. Mexican Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus ( Natalus stramineus ); 12. Brazilian Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus macrourus ). Bat ( Natalus primus ); 6. Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus jamaicensis ); 7. Hispaniolan Greater mexicanus ); 10. Trinidadian Funnel-eared Bat ( Natalus tumidirostris ); 11. Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat Taxonomy. Chilonatalus macer G. S. Miller, 1914 , “Baracoa [ Guantanamo Province ], Cuba .” Chilonatalus macer was often included in C. micropus , but it is most closely related to C. tumidifrons and distinct from both. Monotypic. Distribution. Cuba , including Isla de la Juventud . Descriptive notes. Ear 12:7-16-4 mm, forearm 32:3-33-4 mm (males) and 32.1-33-8 mm (females); weight 2-6-3-3 g (males) and 2-6-3-2 g (females). Pelage is dense, long, light brown to orange-brown, lighter dorsally, and bicolored, with tips darker than bases. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip. Dermal outgrowths are present around mouth. Ears are broad and square-shaped, with vestigial 2-3 ear pleats, straight anterior and lateral margins, and relatively rounded apex. Natalid organ of males is melon-shaped, up to one-half the length of skull, and covering one-half of dorsum of rostrum and forehead. Wings are broad and relatively pointed, inserting to tibia at its proximal one-half. Free edge of uropatagium has fine fringe of hairs. Penis is short. Rostrum is long and narrow, and braincase is inflated, rising gradually from rostrum. Crown of second premolar is about as high as that of third premolar. Skull constriction between orbits is relatively wide, ridge between basisphenoid furrows is narrow, and second premolar is not crowded. Habitat. Most commonly mesic habitats such as semideciduous to evergreen forests and occasionally more xeric environments such as thorn scrub at elevations of 0-230 m. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat roosts in warm and humid caves that can include hot sections, but it has also been found solitarily in cooler and drier caves. Food and Feeding. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat feeds mostly on moths (Lepidoptera) and occasionally spiders. It can carry ¢.30% ofits body weight in its stomach. Breeding. Pregnant Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats have been found in May, lactating and post-lactating females in August, and reproductively inactive females in December—March, indicating a reproductive pattern similar to that of other Caribbean natalids. Activity patterns. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is nocturnal. Foraging exodus of large colonies begins c.14 minutes after sunset and lasts for more than 30 minutes. Some individuals have been captured returning to their roosts late at night (23:00 h), suggesting long periods of activity throughout the night. It has an amazingly maneuverable flight. It is able to fly without hovering within reduced spaces (0-13 m®) and is easily distinguishable inside caves by its rather rectilinear flight path and its very slow and shallow wingbeat. Such slow, maneuverable flight, coupled with its small size, might enable it to forage in denser vegetation than most other Neotropical bats. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats generally form groups of 30-50 individuals. They gather in protected areas oflow ceilings, keeping a wide distance from each other, and usually hanging from a single foot. Sexes can segregate, with females roosting deep in warmer areas of caves and males occupying cooler areas near entrances. With its slow flight and high susceptibility to dehydration, home ranges of Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bats must be very small. Instances in which they have been found roosting solitarily in highly unusual conditions, such as inside a camping tent or on a sugarcane sapling, suggest that occasionally some individuals are unable to return to their permanent roosts before sunrise. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat has been found coexisting in the same caves with 13 other bat species. Although it usually roosts separately, isolated individuals or small groups can roost together with other small bats such as the Sooty Mustached Bat (Pteronotus quadridens) and Gervais’s Funnel-eared Bat ( Nyctiellus lepidus ). Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List. Until being considered a distinct species, the Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat was included in the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat (C. micropus ), which is classified as Vulnerable. The Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat is known from 33 localities, of which 19 are caves. Colonies are relatively small, containing from a few dozen to a few hundred bats per cave. Bibliography. Garcia & Mancina, Echenique-Diaz (2011), Mancina et al. (2007), Miller (1914), Ottenwalder & Genoways (1982), Silva-Taboada (1979), Tejedor (2011), Tejedor, Tavares & Silva (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Natalidae	Chilonatalus macer	Chilonatalus		macer	Miller	1914	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	30:45:00	Slender Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Cuba, Baracoa	Cuba	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Chilonatalus macer	23	Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	NATALIDAE	NA	NA	Chilonatalus	NA	macer	G. S. Miller	1914	0	Chilonatalus_macer	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1914). A New Bat from Cuba. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 225.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/247/mode/1up	USNM 113724		"Baracoa [Guantánamo Province], Cuba."			macer G. S. Miller, 1914	split from C. micropus	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.	Cuba	North America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Chilonatalus_macer	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Chilonatalus macer	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	NATALIDAE	Chilonatalus	macer	Miller, 1914	The species was previously included Chilonatulus micropus , now it is considered a distinct species (Tejedor 2011).	90000000	Chilonatalus macer	Data Deficient		2019	2016-07-09 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Data Deficient because our lack of knowledge about several key aspects of its biology and ecology (habitat and roost requirements). However, this taxonomic definition restricts it to Cuba only, thus reducing its distribution. Given its habit of aggregating in relatively small numbers in isolated and sparsely distributed colonies, its future ;IUCN category may increase in threat level.	This species is commonly found in mesic habitats having up to 2,521 mm of annual precipitation (Baracoa, Cuba), but is occasionally found in xeric environments. The reproductive pattern of Chilonatalus macer is largely unknown; two pregnant females found in May carried embryos measuring 10 mm in crown-rump length. Of two females taken in August, one was lactating and another post-lactating ;(Tejedor 2011). Sexes have been found forming separate groups, with females roosting deep in a hot area of the cave and males occupying a cooler area near a small entrance, suggesting a pattern of sexual segregation similar to that of N. lepidus (Tejedor 2011).	Given its habit of aggregating in relatively small numbers in isolated and sparsely distributed colonies, ;threats to colonies might increase in the near future either by slight changes in weather or loss of favourable habitat.	Chilonatalus macer roosts in groups of 30–50 individuals in protected areas of low ceilings in warm and humid caves (including a few hot caves) but it has also been found solitarily in cooler and drier caves (Tejedor 2011). Colonies are relatively small, containing from a few ;dozen to a few hundred bats. ;It is known from 33 localities (including two represented by bone remains only), of which 22 are day roosts, and 19 are caves (Tejedor 2011).	Unknown	This species is only known from Cuba, Isle of Pines; fossil remains evidence its past presence at Grand Cayman (Tejedor 2011).		Terrestrial	Several small protected areas, including National parks and Biosphere reserves, are found on the eastern portion of Cuba, where the species could be protected.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Natalidae	Chilonatalus		macer	Miller	1914	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	30:45:00	Slender Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Cuba, Baracoa	Cuba	Not listed.	Data Deficient	Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).	Chilonatalus macer	1005270	23	Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Natalidae	NA	NA	Chilonatalus	NA	macer	G. S. Miller	1914	0	Chilonatalus_macer	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1914). A New Bat from Cuba. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 27, 225.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/245864#page/247/mode/1up	USNM 113724		"Baracoa [Guantánamo Province], Cuba."			macer G. S. Miller, 1914	split from C. micropus	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.				Cuba	North America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Chilonatalus_macer	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Chilonatalus_macer	1005270	23	Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Natalidae	NA	NA	Chilonatalus	NA	macer	G. S. Miller	0	Chilonatalus macer	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1914-12-29. A new bat from Cuba. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 27:225-226.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55445156	USNM:MAMM:113724	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3881df3d7-6f8c-46de-8802-1c96ef344fea	"Baracoa [Guantánamo Province], Cuba."			split from C. micropus	Tejedor, A. (2011). Systematics of funnel-eared bats (Chiroptera: Natalidae). Bulletin of the american Museum of natural History, 1-140.				Cuba	North America	Neotropic	DD	0	0	0	Chilonatalus_macer	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Natalidae	Chilonatalus		macer	Miller	1914	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	30:45:00	Slender Lesser Funnel-eared Bat	None.	Cuba, Baracoa	Cuba	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/88088745/88088756/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	Distinct from micropus; see Tejedor (2011).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Chilonatalus macer; Chilonatalus macer; Chilonatalus macer; Chilonatalus macer; Chilonatalus macer; macer; Natalide de Cuba; Kleines Kuba-Trichterohr; Natalido menor de Cuba; Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat; Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat; Cuban Least Funnel-eared Bat; Slender Lesser Funnel-eared Bat; C. macer