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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1352	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus borneensis [synonym of]	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus celebensis		[MSW2] For synonyms see Hill (1983), but see also Bergmans and Van Bree (1986:335-337).; [MSW3] megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986), but also see Csorba et al. (2003).; [HMW] Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Makassar, S[outh] . Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Included in the megaphyllus species group. R celebensis has often been considered a subspecies or even a synonym of R bomeensis; the two are morphologically very similar but are treated as distinct species on the basis of small morphological differences. This species previously included R madurensis , but the two are now considered distinct on limited morphological grounds; further research is needed. Genetic studies with limited taxon sampling place R celebensis as sister to a clade that includes R virgo , R megaphyllus , and R philippinensis . Two subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022]  megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2023]  megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).; [batnames2025_1.7] megaphyllusspecies group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).					(javanicus) (madurensis) (parvus)	javanicus, madurensis, parvus.	celebensis, javanicus, madurensis, parvus	celebensis, javanicus		celebensis, javanicus		celebensis, javanicus		celebensis, javanicus		celebensis, javanicus		celebensis, javanicus 	celebensis, javanicus 	celebensis, javanicus		celebensis Andersen, 1905|javanicus Andersen, 1918		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Celebes horseshoe bat	S Celebes		N/A					Distribution: Confined to Java and surrounding islands, Timor, and Celebes.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Sulawesi horseshoe bat	Sulawesi, Sangihe Is, Talaud Is, Java, Kangean Is, Timor; ref. 4.12, 143	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Andersen	1905	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1905(2):83.	For synonyms see Hill (1983), but see also Bergmans and Van Bree (1986:335-337).	Java, Madura, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe and Talaud Isis (Indonesia).	Sulawesi, Macassar (= Ujung Pandang).		ANDERSEN	1905	Supraorbital width of skull subequal to width of nasal swellings. Supraorbital crests in front of the mid-orbit. Braincase relatively unin flated. Size relatively small (forearm length 38-45 mm; total length of skull, 18-19 mm).	Distribution: Confined to Java and surrounding islands, Timor, and Celebes.	Four currently rec ognized subspecies (HILL 1983):	R. c. celebensis (Celebes), R. c. javanicus (Java, Bali), R. c. madurensis (Madura), R. c. parvus (Timor).	52	species	R. celebensis	ANDERSEN	1905	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus celebensis				Supraorbital width of skull subequal to width of nasal swellings. Supraorbital crests in front of the mid-orbit. Braincase relatively unin flated. Size relatively small (forearm length 38-45 mm; total length of skull, 18-19 mm).	Four currently rec ognized subspecies (HILL 1983):		6. R. celebensis ANDERSEN 1905 [ferrumequinum group].	6	_R. c. celebensis_ Andersen, 1905; _R. c. javanicus_ Andersen, 1918			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus		celebensis	K. Andersen		1905		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905	2	83		Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat	Sulawesi, Macassar (= Ujung Pandang).	Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe, Kangean, and Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	javanicus K. Andersen, 1918.	megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986), but also see Csorba et al. (2003).	885887A2FFD18A37FF6FFD30FDC4D77C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	308	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFD28A34FF19F24FF859DED2.xml	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophedes Célèbes @fr | Sulawesi-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Célebes @es | German @en	Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Makassar, S[outh] . Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Included in the megaphyllus species group. R celebensis has often been considered a subspecies or even a synonym of R bomeensis; the two are morphologically very similar but are treated as distinct species on the basis of small morphological differences. This species previously included R madurensis , but the two are now considered distinct on limited morphological grounds; further research is needed. Genetic studies with limited taxon sampling place R celebensis as sister to a clade that includes R virgo , R megaphyllus , and R philippinensis . Two subspecies are recognized.	R c. celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 - Sangihe I, Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sulawesi (including Kabaena and Buton Is), and Tukangbesi Is (Wangi Wangi and Kaleudupa). R c. javanicus K. Andersen , 1918 - Krakatau , Java, Bali , and Kangean Is ; a record from Sepanjan I needs confirmation . Either this species or the Bornean Horseshoe Bat (. bomeensis ) was recently captured in Lampung Province , Sumatra , but in that study the two species were not differentiated.	Head-body 46-8-48- 9 mm , tail 18- 9-27 mm , ear 14- 6-20 mm , hindfoot 7-1-8- 1 mm , forearm 36-45- 6 mm ; weight 4-5-8- 4 g . Dorsal pelage is uniformly dull brown to dark brown, being drabber than paler venter. Ears range from small to medium in size. Noseleaf has nearly parallel-sided lancet; connecting process is rounded and is sparsely covered in short hairs; sella is nearly parallel-sided to slightly constricted; horseshoe is relatively narrow (7-1-8- 4 mm wide ), has shallow median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are concealed from above. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build, with zygomatic width greater than mastoid width; anterior median swellings are moderately developed; posterior swellings are comparatively well inflated; sagittal crest is moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed; supraorbital crest is conspicuous. P2 is moderately developed and within tooth row; P3 is small and displaced halfway, barely separating P2 from P4.	Reported from primary and secondary tropical forest, and recorded at elevations from sea level up to 600 m .	No information.	Females with swollen nipples and males with enlarged testes were captured in November in Sulawesi .	The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat apparently roosts in caves.	There are reports of Sulawesi Horseshoe Bats roosting in colonies with hundreds of individuals.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat is widespread and common throughout its distribution but virtually nothing is known of its ecology or potential threats. It is apparently one of the commonest bats in Sulawesi . Further studies are needed.	Bergmans & Rozendaal (1982) | Csorba et al. (2003) | Hill & Rozendaal (1989) | Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014) | Hutson, Suyanto & Kingston (2008 b) | Patterson et al. (2017) | Wiantoro et al. (2017) | Zhang Lin et al. (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750018/files/figure.png	56 . Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus celebensis French: Rhinolophe des Célèbes / German : Sulawesi-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Célebes Taxonomy. Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 , “ Makassar, S[outh] . Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Included in the megaphyllus species group. R celebensis has often been considered a subspecies or even a synonym of R bomeensis; the two are morphologically very similar but are treated as distinct species on the basis of small morphological differences. This species previously included R madurensis , but the two are now considered distinct on limited morphological grounds; further research is needed. Genetic studies with limited taxon sampling place R celebensis as sister to a clade that includes R virgo , R megaphyllus , and R philippinensis . Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. R c. celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 - Sangihe I, Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sulawesi (including Kabaena and Buton Is), and Tukangbesi Is (Wangi Wangi and Kaleudupa). R c. javanicus K. Andersen , 1918 - Krakatau , Java, Bali , and Kangean Is ; a record from Sepanjan I needs confirmation . Either this species or the Bornean Horseshoe Bat (. bomeensis ) was recently captured in Lampung Province , Sumatra , but in that study the two species were not differentiated. Descriptive notes. Head-body 46-8-48- 9 mm , tail 18- 9-27 mm , ear 14- 6-20 mm , hindfoot 7-1-8- 1 mm , forearm 36-45- 6 mm ; weight 4-5-8- 4 g . Dorsal pelage is uniformly dull brown to dark brown, being drabber than paler venter. Ears range from small to medium in size. Noseleaf has nearly parallel-sided lancet; connecting process is rounded and is sparsely covered in short hairs; sella is nearly parallel-sided to slightly constricted; horseshoe is relatively narrow (7-1-8- 4 mm wide ), has shallow median emargination, and has lateral leaflets that are concealed from above. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is of medium build, with zygomatic width greater than mastoid width; anterior median swellings are moderately developed; posterior swellings are comparatively well inflated; sagittal crest is moderately developed; frontal depression is moderately developed; supraorbital crest is conspicuous. P2 is moderately developed and within tooth row; P3 is small and displaced halfway, barely separating P2 from P4. Habitat. Reported from primary and secondary tropical forest, and recorded at elevations from sea level up to 600 m . Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Females with swollen nipples and males with enlarged testes were captured in November in Sulawesi . Activity patterns. The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat apparently roosts in caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There are reports of Sulawesi Horseshoe Bats roosting in colonies with hundreds of individuals. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN ed List. The Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat is widespread and common throughout its distribution but virtually nothing is known of its ecology or potential threats. It is apparently one of the commonest bats in Sulawesi . Further studies are needed. Bibliography. Bergmans & Rozendaal (1982), Csorba et al. (2003), Hill & Rozendaal (1989), Huang, J.C.C. et al. (2014), Hutson, Suyanto & Kingston (2008 b ), Patterson et al. (2017), Wiantoro et al. (2017), Zhang Lin et al. (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus celebensis	Rhinolophus		celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 83	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat	<b> javanicus </b>K. Andersen, 1918.	Sulawesi, Macassar (= Ujung Pandang).	Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe, Kangean, and Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus celebensis	23	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_celebensis	Andersen, K. (1905). On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 83.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99487#page/139/mode/1up	BM 1897.1.3.19		"Makassar, S[outh]. Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			celebensis K. Andersen, 1905|javanicus K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA	Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19530	Rhinolophus celebensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	celebensis	K. Andersen, 1905		20000000	Rhinolophus celebensis	Least Concern		2021	2021-04-04 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Rhinolophus celebensis is assessed as Least Concern as the species has broad distribution in Indonesia where it is relatively common. There are no known major threats, and its population, while likely declining due to broader habitat loss, is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	Rhinolophus celebensis is an insectivorous bat that inhabits lowland primary and secondary forests of Indonesia. It roosts in caves and the colonies may reach a few hundred bats (Flannery 1995).	There are no major threats to this species, although deforestation due to logging and agricultural development, as well as limestone extraction may be a localised threat.	Data on the species population status and trends of R. celebensis are limited. While the species can be locally common and roosts may be comprised of hundreds of individuals, given it roosts in caves in lowland forests the species is suspected to be declining at a low rate.	Unknown	Rhinolophus celebensis is endemic to Indonesia where it is known from lowland forests (up to 600 m) of Java, Krakatau, Bali, Sulawesi, Buton, Kabaena, Kangean, Sangihe, Kaledupa, Karekelang and Wangi Wangi islands in Indonesia (Bergmans and van Bree 1986, Corbet and Hill 1992, Flannery 1995, Wiantoro et al. 2017). ;The record from Sepanjang requires confirmation.	The species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.	Terrestrial	The species has been recorded from Kakanauwi Forest Reserve, Lambasanga Forest Reserve, Mangolo Nature Park and Lorelindu National Park in central Sulawesi (Wiantoro et al. 2017). There are no species-specific conservation programs for the species. Known roosts should be protected and managed to maintain the species. Additional research is needed to confirm the species population status and trends, habitat associations, ecology, and threats.	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 83	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat	<b> javanicus </b>K. Andersen, 1918.	Sulawesi, Macassar (= Ujung Pandang).	Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe, Kangean, and Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Least Concern	 megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).	Rhinolophus celebensis	1004666	23	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	0	Rhinolophus_celebensis	Andersen, K. (1905). On some bats of the genus Rhinolophus, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1905(2), 83.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/99487#page/139/mode/1up	BM 1897.1.3.19		"Makassar, S[outh]. Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			celebensis K. Andersen, 1905|javanicus K. Andersen, 1918	NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_celebensis	1004666	23	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	celebensis	Andersen	0	Rhinolophus celebensis	Andersen, K.C. 1905-10-07. On some bats of the genus _Rhinolophus_, with remarks on their mutual affinities, and descriptions of twenty-six new forms. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1905-II(1):75-145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31207544	BMNH:Mamm:1897.1.3.19	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/c775c38d-3a1d-4394-b2d7-35cbf75ace5b	"Makassar, S[outh]. Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_celebensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		celebensis	K. Andersen	1905	0	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1905(2): 83	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat	javanicus K. Andersen, 1918.	Sulawesi, Macassar (= Ujung Pandang).	Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe, Kangean, and Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19530/21980994/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	megaphyllusspecies group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree(1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986),but also see Csorba et al. (2003).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus celebensis; Rhinolophus celebensis; Rhinolophus celebensis; Rhinolophus celebensis; Rhinolophus celebensis; Rhinolophus celebensis; celebensis; javanicus; celebensis; javanicus; javanicus; celebensis; javanicus; Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophedes Célèbes; Sulawesi-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Célebes; German; Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat; Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat; Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat; R. celebensis