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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L136	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles torquatus		[MSW2] Includes parvidens; see Koopman (1989fl).; [MSW3] Does not include parvidens; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).; [HMW] Cheiromeles torquatus Horsfield, 1824 , Penang , Malaysia . Northernmost but unusual record from Ratchaburi Province , south-western Thailand , ¢. 300 km north of Isthmus of Kra, is worth additional taxonomic research. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Does not include parvidens ; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).; [batnames2023] Does not include parvidens ; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include parvidens; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). See Reitmeyer and Dickinson (2019) for details of the dates of publication of the plates comprising this volume.						caudatus, cheiropus, jacobsoni, parvidens.	torquatus, caudatus, jacobsoni, parvidens	torquatus , caudatus , jacobsoni	cheiropus	torquatus, caudatus, jacobsoni		torquatus, caudatus, jacobsoni	torquatus - cheiropus	torquatus, cheiropus, caudatus, jacobsoni		torquatus, caudatus, jacobsoni	torquatus - cheiropus	torquatus, cheiropus, caudatus, jacobsoni	torquatus, cheiropus, caudatus, jacobsoni	caudatus, jacobsoni, torquatus	torquatus - cheiropus	torquatus Horsfield, 1824|cheiropus (Temminck, 1826)|caudatus Temminck, 1841|jacobsoni O. Thomas, 1923		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hairless bat	Malaya – Java, Borneo, Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Cheiromeles torquatus	Malaysia, Penang.	Horsfield	1824	Zool. Res. Java, Part 8.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hairless bat	Malaya – Java, Borneo, Philippines	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Horsfield	1824	Zool. Res. Java, Part 8.	Includes parvidens; see Koopman (1989fl).	W Malaysia, Sumatra and Java, Borneo, SW Philippines, Sulawesi and nearby small islands.	Malaysia, Penang.		HORSFIELD	1824	Size relatively large (forearm length, 73-90 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Four subspecies are here recognized:	C. t. torquatus (Malay peninsula and Sumatra to Borneo and the southwestern Philippines), C. t. caudatus (Banka and Java), C. t. jacobsoni (West Sumatran islands), C. t. parvidens (Celebes and main Philippines).	138	species	C. torquatus	HORSFIELD	1824	Cheiromeles	genus	Cheiromeles torquatus				Size relatively large (forearm length, 73-90 mm).	Four subspecies are here recognized:		1. C. torquatus HORSFIELD 1824.	1	_C. t. caudatus_ Temminck, 1841; _C. t. jacobsoni_ Thomas, 1923; _C. t. torquatus_ Horsfield, 1824 (synonyms: _cheiropus_ (Temminck, 1826))			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles		torquatus	Horsfield		1824		Zool. Res. Java	Part 8		Cheiromeles torquatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp		Greater Naked Bat	Malaysia, Penang.	Peninsular Malaysia, Terutau Isl (Thailand), Sumatra and Java, Borneo, Palawan Isl (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	cheiropus Temminck, 1826; caudatus Temminck, 1841; jacobsoni Thomas, 1923.	Does not include parvidens; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).	194287C9FFBEBA13B182FF89B73BFAF5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	621	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBEBA13B182FF89B73BFAF5.xml	Cheiromeles torquatus	Molossidae	Cheiromeles	torquatus	Horsfield	1824	Chiroméle nu @fr | Kragen-Nacktfledermaus @de | Queiromelo grande de espalda desnuda @es	Cheiromeles torquatus Horsfield, 1824 , Penang , Malaysia . Northernmost but unusual record from Ratchaburi Province , south-western Thailand , ¢. 300 km north of Isthmus of Kra, is worth additional taxonomic research. Three subspecies recognized.	C.t.torquatusHorsfield,1824—SW(RatchaburiProvince)andextremeSpeninsularThailand(Hala-BalaWildlifeSanctuaryandincludingoffshoreTarutaoI),PeninsularMalaysia(includingoffshorePenangandTiomanIs),Singapore,RiauArchipelago(KundurandGalangIs),Sumatra,Borneo,andPalawanI(Philippines). C.t.caudatusTemminck,1841—JavaandBangkaI. C. t. jacobsoni Thomas, 1923 — restricted to Simeulue I, off W Sumatra .	Head—body 125-180 mm, tail 60-75 mm, hindfoot 24-27 mm, forearm 65-90 mm; weight 150-196 g. Skin of the Greater Naked Bat is black or blackish gray and almost completely naked, with only short bristle hairs on outer toe of hindfoot and lower neck where skin is folded forming an oily gular sac that produces strong odor. Ears are relatively large, rounded, and separated from each other. Antitragus is distinct and rounded. Skin on flanks is folded in deep pocket that contains mammae of females. Tail is long and exposed. Hindfootis very large and powerful. Skull is heavily built, with distinct, well-developed posterior sagittal crest projecting backward. Mastoid process is very well developed and projected laterally. Upper and lower canines are raassive. Dental formulais1 1/2, C1/1,P1/2. M 3/3 (x2) = 28. On following pages: 4. Peters's Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus jugularis ); 5. Reunion Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus ( Mormopterus doriae ); 8. LeastLittle Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus minutus ); 9. Kalinowski's Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus 12. Aztec Mastiff Bat ( Molossus aztecus ); 13. Coiban Mastiff Bat ( Molossus coibensis ); 14. Bonda Mastiff Bat ( Molossus 17. Pallas’s Mastiff Bat ( Molossus molossus ); 18. Miller's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus pretiosus ); 19. Black Mastiff Bat ( Molossus francoismoutoui ); 6. Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus acetabulosus ); 7. Sumatran Little Mastiff Bat kalinowskii ); 10. Incan Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus phrudus ); 11. Alvarez's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus alvarezi ), currentium ); 15. Fenton's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus fentoni); 16. Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat ( Molossus miller), rufus ); 20. Sinaloan Mastiff Bat ( Molossus sinaloae ); 21. Hispaniolan Mastiff Bat ( Molossus verrill)).	[.owlands, marshes, rocky surfaces with holes and crevices, farms, and trees.	Dental characteristics of the Greater Naked Bat suggest thatit eats large hard-shelled insect prey (e.g. beetles). It uses echolocation to huntfor food.	In Peninsular Malaysia , pregnant Greater Naked Bats had single embryos in June, August-September, and December. They have an average of two litters/year. As soon as young are born, mothers leave them in roosts when they hunt.	The Greater Naked Bat roosts in caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees. It feeds in open spaces (e.g. over forest canopy or ricefields). It is also usually found or heard flying over streams in forests. It uses relatively low-frequency echolocation call that is usually very loud and clearly audible. Call frequency can be alternated during flight. At high frequency, initial frequency can be up to 48 kHz, with terminal frequency of ¢.25 kHz, peak frequency of ¢.29 kHz, and duration of ¢.22 milliseconds. At low frequency, initial frequency can be ¢.32 kHz, with terminal frequency of c.19 kHz, peak frequency of c.24 kHz, and duration of c.21 milliseconds.	The Greater Naked Bat is colonial, roosting in groups to conserve energy; colony size can be nearly a thousand individuals. It shares caves with other molossids such as the Malayan Free-tailed Bat ( Mops mops ).	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Populations of Greater Naked Bats have been declining continuously due to forest loss and hunting for food. Some indigenous Malay people kill them in large numbers and eat them as delicacy.	Chasen (1925) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008e) | Francis (2008a) | Kingston et al. (2006) | Lekagul & McNeely (1988) | Leong et al. (2009) | Lim, B.L. et al. (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772242/files/figure.png	3. Greater Naked Bat Cheiromeles torquatus French: Chiroméle nu / German: Kragen-Nacktfledermaus / Spanish: Queiromelo grande de espalda desnuda Taxonomy. Cheiromeles torquatus Horsfield, 1824 , Penang , Malaysia . Northernmost but unusual record from Ratchaburi Province , south-western Thailand , ¢. 300 km north of Isthmus of Kra, is worth additional taxonomic research. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. C.t.torquatusHorsfield,1824—SW(RatchaburiProvince)andextremeSpeninsularThailand(Hala-BalaWildlifeSanctuaryandincludingoffshoreTarutaoI),PeninsularMalaysia(includingoffshorePenangandTiomanIs),Singapore,RiauArchipelago(KundurandGalangIs),Sumatra,Borneo,andPalawanI(Philippines). C.t.caudatusTemminck,1841—JavaandBangkaI. C. t. jacobsoni Thomas, 1923 — restricted to Simeulue I, off W Sumatra . Descriptive notes. Head—body 125-180 mm, tail 60-75 mm, hindfoot 24-27 mm, forearm 65-90 mm; weight 150-196 g. Skin of the Greater Naked Bat is black or blackish gray and almost completely naked, with only short bristle hairs on outer toe of hindfoot and lower neck where skin is folded forming an oily gular sac that produces strong odor. Ears are relatively large, rounded, and separated from each other. Antitragus is distinct and rounded. Skin on flanks is folded in deep pocket that contains mammae of females. Tail is long and exposed. Hindfootis very large and powerful. Skull is heavily built, with distinct, well-developed posterior sagittal crest projecting backward. Mastoid process is very well developed and projected laterally. Upper and lower canines are raassive. Dental formulais1 1/2, C1/1,P1/2. M 3/3 (x2) = 28. On following pages: 4. Peters's Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus jugularis ); 5. Reunion Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus ( Mormopterus doriae ); 8. LeastLittle Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus minutus ); 9. Kalinowski's Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus 12. Aztec Mastiff Bat ( Molossus aztecus ); 13. Coiban Mastiff Bat ( Molossus coibensis ); 14. Bonda Mastiff Bat ( Molossus 17. Pallas’s Mastiff Bat ( Molossus molossus ); 18. Miller's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus pretiosus ); 19. Black Mastiff Bat ( Molossus francoismoutoui ); 6. Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus acetabulosus ); 7. Sumatran Little Mastiff Bat kalinowskii ); 10. Incan Little Mastiff Bat ( Mormopterus phrudus ); 11. Alvarez's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus alvarezi ), currentium ); 15. Fenton's Mastiff Bat ( Molossus fentoni); 16. Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat ( Molossus miller), rufus ); 20. Sinaloan Mastiff Bat ( Molossus sinaloae ); 21. Hispaniolan Mastiff Bat ( Molossus verrill)). Habitat. [.owlands, marshes, rocky surfaces with holes and crevices, farms, and trees. Food and Feeding. Dental characteristics of the Greater Naked Bat suggest thatit eats large hard-shelled insect prey (e.g. beetles). It uses echolocation to huntfor food. Breeding. In Peninsular Malaysia , pregnant Greater Naked Bats had single embryos in June, August-September, and December. They have an average of two litters/year. As soon as young are born, mothers leave them in roosts when they hunt. Activity patterns. The Greater Naked Bat roosts in caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees. It feeds in open spaces (e.g. over forest canopy or ricefields). It is also usually found or heard flying over streams in forests. It uses relatively low-frequency echolocation call that is usually very loud and clearly audible. Call frequency can be alternated during flight. At high frequency, initial frequency can be up to 48 kHz, with terminal frequency of ¢.25 kHz, peak frequency of ¢.29 kHz, and duration of ¢.22 milliseconds. At low frequency, initial frequency can be ¢.32 kHz, with terminal frequency of c.19 kHz, peak frequency of c.24 kHz, and duration of c.21 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Greater Naked Bat is colonial, roosting in groups to conserve energy; colony size can be nearly a thousand individuals. It shares caves with other molossids such as the Malayan Free-tailed Bat ( Mops mops ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Populations of Greater Naked Bats have been declining continuously due to forest loss and hunting for food. Some indigenous Malay people kill them in large numbers and eat them as delicacy. Bibliography. Chasen (1925), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008e), Francis (2008a), Kingston et al. (2006), Lekagul & McNeely (1988), Leong et al. (2009), Lim, B.L. et al. (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Cheiromeles torquatus	Cheiromeles		torquatus	Horsfield	1824	0	Zoological Researches in Java, Part 8, Cheiromeles torquatus	pl. and 10 unno. pp	Greater Naked Bat	 cheiropus Temminck, 1826; <b>caudatus</b> Temminck, 1841; <b> jacobsoni </b> Thomas, 1923.	Malaysia, Penang.	Peninsular Malaysia, Terutau Isl (Thailand), Sumatra and Java, Borneo, Palawan Isl (Philippines).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include parvidens ; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Cheiromeles torquatus	23	Greater Naked Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	torquatus	Horsfield	1824	0						Penang, Malaysia.			torquatus Horsfield, 1824|cheiropus Temminck, 1826|caudatus Temminck, 1841|jacobsoni O. Thomas, 1923	NA	NA	Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4601	Cheiromeles torquatus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Cheiromeles	torquatus	Horsfield, 1824		20000000	Cheiromeles torquatus	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because it is widespread, although it appears to be rare in some parts of its range, and although there are some major threats, it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	On Borneo, it roosts in large caves and hollow trees and forages over streams, clearings, and above the forest canopy (Payne et al . 1985). In Thailand it is found mainly in lowlands (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm. 2006) and is a highly gregarious species, roosting in large colonies where suitable habitat is available (L. B. Liat unpubl. data).	Hunting and exploitation of caves for swiftlets are threats recorded from Borneo (Clements et al. 2006). In Peninsular Malaysia the species is eaten by indigenous people and it is believed to be a pest of rice crops – roosts are destroyed in an effort to control the species. It is under threat from destruction of cave habitats though mining in other parts of its range.	It is generally rare though in some parts of its range it is considered to be a pest. In Niah, Sarawak, this species population diminished due to poaching (food) and cave disturbance. 5 individuals were last observe in 2010 near Lubang Iman – Private area for swiftlet nest harvesting (I. Azhar pers. comm, 2018). In Batang Ai, this species often reported at Lubuk Baya Ranger Outpost.	Unknown	This species occurs in Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand, and Terutau Island (Thailand) (S. Bumrungsri pers. comm. 2006) and in Indonesia, from Sumatra to Java, and across Borneo (Ketapang, West Kalimantan, Paser, East Kalimantan). This species reported from Lubuk Baya at Batang Ai – Lubuk Hantu, Niah and Mulu National Park in Sarawak (I. Azhar pers. comm, 2018). In the Philippines it is found only on Palawan (Heaney et al. 1998). The record from Mindanao (Corbet and Hill 1992) represents a misidentified individual of Cheiromeles parvidens (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006).		Terrestrial	The species occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Cheiromeles		torquatus	Horsfield	1824	0	Zoological Researches in Java, Part 8, Cheiromeles torquatus	pl. and 10 unno. pp	Greater Naked Bat	 cheiropus Temminck, 1826; <b>caudatus</b> Temminck, 1841; <b> jacobsoni </b> Thomas, 1923.	Malaysia, Penang.	Peninsular Malaysia, Terutau Isl (Thailand), Sumatra and Java, Borneo, Palawan Isl (Philippines).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include parvidens ; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Cheiromeles torquatus	1005165	23	Greater Naked Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	torquatus	Horsfield	1824	0						Penang, Malaysia.			torquatus Horsfield, 1824|cheiropus Temminck, 1826|caudatus Temminck, 1841|jacobsoni O. Thomas, 1923	NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Cheiromeles_torquatus	1005165	23	Greater Naked Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	torquatus	Horsfield	0	Cheiromeles torquatus	Horsfield, T. 1824-09. No. VIII. _Sciurus bicolor_. _Mus setifer_. _Vespertilio Temminckii_. _Cheiromeles torquatus_. _Prinia familiaris_. _Perdix personata_. _Parra superciliosa_. _Anas arcuata_. in Horsfield, T. 1824. Zoological Researches in Java, and the Neighbouring Islands. Kingsbury, Parbury, & Allen, London, not continuously paginated pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31111833		holotype		Penang, Malaysia.			NA	NA				Thailand|Malaysia|Singapore|Indonesia|Brunei|Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_torquatus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Cheiromeles		torquatus	Horsfield	1824	0	Zoological Researches in Java, Part 8, Cheiromeles torquatus	pl. and 10 unno. pp	Greater Naked Bat	cheiropus Temminck, 1826; caudatus Temminck, 1841; jacobsoni Thomas, 1923.	Malaysia, Penang.	Peninsular Malaysia, Terutau Isl (Thailand), Sumatra and Java, Borneo, Palawan Isl (Philippines).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4601/22035361/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include parvidens; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). See Reitmeyer and Dickinson (2019) for details of the dates of publication of the plates comprising this volume.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Cheiromeles torquatus; Cheiromeles torquatus; Cheiromeles torquatus; Cheiromeles torquatus; Cheiromeles torquatus; Cheiromeles torquatus; torquatus ; caudatus ; jacobsoni; cheiropus; torquatus; caudatus; jacobsoni; caudatus; jacobsoni; cheiropus; torquatus; cheiropus; caudatus; jacobsoni; Chiroméle nu; Kragen-Nacktfledermaus; Queiromelo grande de espalda desnuda; Greater Naked Bat; Greater Naked Bat; Greater Naked Bat; C. torquatus