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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1350	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	Rhinolophus creaghi [synonym of]	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus canuti		[MSW2] Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [MSW3] euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [HMW] Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 , “ Island ofJava ,” Indonesia . Restricted by O. Thomas and R.. Wroughton in 1909 to “Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S.Java .” Rhinolophus canuti is included in the euryotis species group and is probably related to . creaghi and R arcuatus , although it has not yet been included in any phylogenetic studies. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [batnames2023]  euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).; [batnames2025_1.7] euryotisspecies group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).						timoriensis.	canuti, timoriensis	canuti, timoriensis	conuti	canuti, timorensis		canuti, timorensis	canuti - conuti 	canuti, timoriensis		canuti, timorensis	canuti - conuti 	canuti, timoriensis 	canuti, timorensis, conuti, timoriensis	canuti, timoriensis	canuti - conuti	canuti O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909|timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979|timoriensis Koopman, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|conuti Simmons, 2005 [incorrect subsequent spelling | nomen nudum | not used as valid]						N/A					Distribution: Confined to Java and Timor.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Java, Timor; ref. 4.115	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas and Wroughton	1909	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1909(68):18.	Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Java, Timor (Indonesia).	Indonesia, South Java.		THOMAS & WROUGHTON	1909	Anterior edge of horseshoe nar rowly emarginated, the emargination extended posteriorly as a narrow groove reaching less than halfway to internarial region. Upper part of sella lacking any posterior thickening. Connecting pro cess low and rounded, hairs at base dense, long and dispersed. Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-52 mm).	Distribution: Confined to Java and Timor.	Two subspecies are recognized:	R. c. canuti (Java), R. c. timoriensis (Timor).	58	species	R. canuti	THOMAS & WROUGHTON	1909	Rhinolophus	genus	Rhinolophus canuti				Anterior edge of horseshoe nar rowly emarginated, the emargination extended posteriorly as a narrow groove reaching less than halfway to internarial region. Upper part of sella lacking any posterior thickening. Connecting pro cess low and rounded, hairs at base dense, long and dispersed. Size fairly large (forearm length, 47-52 mm).	Two subspecies are recognized:		58. R. canuti THOMAS & WROUGHTON 1909 [eu ryotis group].	58	_R. c. canuti_ Thomas & Wroughton, 1909; _R. c. timorensis_ Goodwin, 1979			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Rhinolophidae			Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus		canuti	Thomas and Wroughton		1909		Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1909	68	18		Canut's Horseshoe Bat	Indonesia, South Java, Tji-Tangoi river, Kallipoet-jang.	Java, Bali, Timor (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).	conuti Schwartz, 1914; timoriensis Goodwin, 1979.	euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	885887A2FFCA8A2FF8ABF666FCA4D52A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	317	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFE98A0FFF6FF0DBF22AD0C8.xml	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	canuti	Thomas & Wroughton	1909	Knud’s Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe de Knud @fr | Knud-Andersen-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Knud @es | Canut's Horseshoe Bat @en | Canuti Horseshoe Bat @en	Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 , “ Island ofJava ,” Indonesia . Restricted by O. Thomas and R.. Wroughton in 1909 to “Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S.Java .” Rhinolophus canuti is included in the euryotis species group and is probably related to . creaghi and R arcuatus , although it has not yet been included in any phylogenetic studies. Two subspecies recognized.	. c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is. . c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I.	Head-body 51-62 mm , tail 19-24 mm , ear 21-24- 1 mm , forearm 47-6-51- 2 mm . Fur is long and fine. Dorsal pelage is variable, ranging from dark red to wood brown (hairs paler at base), and ventral pelage varies between wood brown and light drab. Ears are large. Noseleafhas concave sided lancet; connecting process is very low (slightly more developed in timorensis', and curved, and has fringe of hairs along the edge; sella gradually narrows to rounded tip and there is a tuft ofhair between sella and lancet (hairs much less dense than in Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat, R creaghi ), which varies in color from reddish brown ( timorensis) to straw yellow (canuti); horseshoe is wide ( c .ll mm). Skull is heavily built ( zygomatic breadth slightly exceeding mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are well inflated and extend posteriorly; lateral swellings are prominent; posterior swellings are relatively reduced; rostral profile is sharply concave; sagittal crest is well developed; frontal depression is well to moderately developed; supraorbital crests have sharp ridges. C 1 is moderately strong and long; P2 is relatively large and within the tooth row, or crowded slighdy out of line; P3 is small and completely extruded, or rarely missing; P9 and P4 are in contact Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for the genus, or only 30 teeth when a lower premolar is missing.	Found almost exclusively in intact forest, although it may occasionally forage over cultivated land. Recorded at 550 m on Timor.	No information.	No information.	Knud’s Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves by day.	Knud’s Horseshoe Bat appears to roost in large colonies.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCNed List. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat is currendy only known from a few scattered localities. It prefers undisturbed forests, which severely limits its distribution. The species was thought perhaps to be extinct inJava, but recent sampling efforts have shown that it is still present. This species is threatened by deforestation and roost disturbance throughout its distribution.	Csorba et al. (2003) | Goodwin (1979) | Hutson, Kingston & Csorba (2008) | Ikranagara et al. (2014)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750060/files/figure.png	76 . Knud’s Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus canuti French: Rhinolophe de Knud /German: Knud-Andersen-Hufeisennase / Spanish: Herradura de Knud Other common names: Canut's Horseshoe Bat, Canuti Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 , “ Island ofJava ,” Indonesia . Restricted by O. Thomas and R.. Wroughton in 1909 to “Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S.Java .” Rhinolophus canuti is included in the euryotis species group and is probably related to . creaghi and R arcuatus , although it has not yet been included in any phylogenetic studies. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. . c. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Java (three localities), and Nusa Barong ail'd Bali Is. . c. timorensis R. E. Goodwin, 1979 — Timor I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 51-62 mm , tail 19-24 mm , ear 21-24- 1 mm , forearm 47-6-51- 2 mm . Fur is long and fine. Dorsal pelage is variable, ranging from dark red to wood brown (hairs paler at base), and ventral pelage varies between wood brown and light drab. Ears are large. Noseleafhas concave sided lancet; connecting process is very low (slightly more developed in timorensis', and curved, and has fringe of hairs along the edge; sella gradually narrows to rounded tip and there is a tuft ofhair between sella and lancet (hairs much less dense than in Creagh’s Horseshoe Bat, R creaghi ), which varies in color from reddish brown ( timorensis) to straw yellow (canuti); horseshoe is wide ( c .ll mm). Skull is heavily built ( zygomatic breadth slightly exceeding mastoid breadth); anterior median swellings are well inflated and extend posteriorly; lateral swellings are prominent; posterior swellings are relatively reduced; rostral profile is sharply concave; sagittal crest is well developed; frontal depression is well to moderately developed; supraorbital crests have sharp ridges. C 1 is moderately strong and long; P2 is relatively large and within the tooth row, or crowded slighdy out of line; P3 is small and completely extruded, or rarely missing; P9 and P4 are in contact Dental formula is the usual of 32 teeth for the genus, or only 30 teeth when a lower premolar is missing. Habitat. Found almost exclusively in intact forest, although it may occasionally forage over cultivated land. Recorded at 550 m on Timor. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat roosts in caves by day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat appears to roost in large colonies. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCNed List. Knud’s Horseshoe Bat is currendy only known from a few scattered localities. It prefers undisturbed forests, which severely limits its distribution. The species was thought perhaps to be extinct inJava, but recent sampling efforts have shown that it is still present. This species is threatened by deforestation and roost disturbance throughout its distribution. Bibliography. Csorba eta/. (2003), Goodwin (1979), Hutson, Kingston & Csorba (2008), Ikranagara eta/. (2014).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus canuti	Rhinolophus		canuti	Thomas & Wroughton	1909	0	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1909(68): 18	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	 conuti Schwartz, 1914; <b>timoriensis</b> Goodwin, 1979.	Indonesia, South Java, Tji-Tangoi river, Kallipoet-jang.	Java, Bali, Timor (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus canuti	23	Knud's Horseshoe Bat	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	canuti	O. Thomas & Wroughton	1909	0	Rhinolophus_canuti	Thomas, O., & Wroughton, R. C. (1909). On a collection of mammals from Western Java, presented to the National Museum by Mr. W. E. Balston. Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1909(68), 18.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98528#page/744/mode/1up	BM 1909.1.5.183		"Island of Java," Indonesia. Restricted by O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton in 1909 to "Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S. Java."			canuti O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909|timoriensis G. G. Goodwin, 1979	NA	NA	Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	19528	Rhinolophus canuti	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	Rhinolophus	canuti	Thomas &; Wroughton, 1909		20000000	Rhinolophus canuti	Vulnerable	C1	2021	2021-02-28 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Rhinolophus canuti is assessed as Vulnerable under Criterion C1 as the species’ population of mature individuals is estimated to be between 7,500 and 9,000 individuals and it is experiencing a continuing inferred decline of at least 10% over three generations (22.5 years; GL = 7.5 years; Pacifici et al. ;2013). The species range is fragmented among karst areas over a few islands and its cave roosts ; and much of its foraging areas in forest habitat has been severely degraded or lost, particularly on Java.	This is an insectivorous bat that roost in groups in caves. It requires intact forest for foraging and occasionally may forage in cultivated landscapes.	Human disturbance of roost sites, and deforestation due to logging and expanding agriculture represent major threats to this species.	This bat's overall population size (i.e., number of mature individuals) is estimated to be between 7,500 and 9,000 individuals, occurring in fragmented karst areas over a few islands. Historic reports suggest the species may roost in relatively large no colonies, but only smaller colonies are currently known, most of which number in the hundreds. Its population is experiencing a continuing inferred decline of at least 10% over three generations (22.5 years, GL = 7.5 years, Pacifici et al. ;2013) as its cave roosts and much of its forested foraging areas has been severely degraded or lost, particularly on Java.	Decreasing	Rhinolophus canuti is endemic to Indonesia and is known from several localities on Java, Bali (unpublished specimen, G. Csorba pers. comm.), Nusakambangan Island (southern of central Java), and Nusa Barong Island (Csorba et al. 2003, Semiadi et al. 2011). It has been found in the Gunungsewu Karst region, which includes Gunungkidul regency (Province of Yogyakarta Special Region), the Tuban karst region (East Java Province), the Gombong Karst region (Central Java), and some areas of Central Java Province and East Java Province (including Pacitan regency). The type locality for this species is Kallipoet-jang, Tji-Tangoi river, South Java, Indonesia.	This species is not known to be hunted, used, or traded.	Terrestrial	Rhinolophus canuti is not known from any protected areas and there are no species-specific conservation initiatives for it. Further research is needed across the species range to further establish the species extant range and the species’ population status and trends. Further, research into the species ecology is needed to inform the establishment of a species conservation research plan.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		canuti	Thomas & Wroughton	1909	0	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1909(68): 18	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	 conuti Schwartz, 1914; <b>timoriensis</b> Goodwin, 1979.	Indonesia, South Java, Tji-Tangoi river, Kallipoet-jang.	Java, Bali, Timor (Indonesia).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Rhinolophus canuti	1004664	23	Knud's Horseshoe Bat	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	canuti	O. Thomas & Wroughton	1909	0	Rhinolophus_canuti	Thomas, O., & Wroughton, R. C. (1909). On a collection of mammals from Western Java, presented to the National Museum by Mr. W. E. Balston. Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1909(68), 18.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98528#page/744/mode/1up	BM 1909.1.5.183		"Island of Java," Indonesia. Restricted by O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton in 1909 to "Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S. Java."			canuti O. Thomas & Wroughton, 1909|timoriensis G. G. Goodwin, 1979	NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_canuti	1004664	23	Knud's Horseshoe Bat	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	canuti	O. Thomas & Wroughton	0	Rhinolophus canuti	Thomas, O. and Wroughton, R.C. 1909-03-16. On a Collection of Mammals from Western Java, presented to the National Museum by Mr. W. E. Balston. Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 68:18-19.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31578190	BMNH:Mamm:1909.1.5.183	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/dd5f7508-63c7-463a-b4db-ad31fc1e5807	"Island of Java," Indonesia. Restricted by O. Thomas and R. C. Wroughton in 1909 to "Kalipoetjang, Tji-Tandoei River, S. Java."			NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	VU	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	sciname match	Rhinolophus_canuti	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		canuti	Thomas & Wroughton	1909	0	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1909(68): 18	Canut's Horseshoe Bat	conuti Schwartz, 1914; timoriensis Goodwin, 1979.	Indonesia, South Java, Tji-Tangoi river, Kallipoet-jang.	Java, Bali, Timor (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19528/21982962/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	euryotisspecies group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus canuti; Rhinolophus canuti; Rhinolophus canuti; Rhinolophus canuti; Rhinolophus canuti; Rhinolophus canuti; canuti; timoriensis; conuti; canuti; timorensis; timoriensis; conuti; canuti; timoriensis; Knud’s Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe de Knud; Knud-Andersen-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Knud; Canut's Horseshoe Bat; Canuti Horseshoe Bat; Knud's Horseshoe Bat; Canut's Horseshoe Bat; Canut's Horseshoe Bat; Canut's Horseshoe Bat; R. canuti