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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L135	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles torquatus [synonym of]	Cheiromeles torquatus [synonym of]	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles parvidens		[MSW3] Formerly included in torquatus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).; [HMW] Cheiromeles parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921 , “Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Cheiromeles parvidens included C. torquatus , but it is smaller in size, and distributions are disjunct. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Formerly included in torquatus , but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995 b ).; [IUCN] There is a need for studies of geographic variation across the species' range (L. Heaney, K. Helgen and D. Balete pers. comm. 2006).; [batnames2023] Formerly included in torquatus , but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995 b ).; [batnames2025_1.7] Formerly included in torquatus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).														parvidens	There is a need for studies of geographic variation across the species' range (L. Heaney, K. Helgen and D. Balete pers. comm. 2006).			parvidens 	parvidens 			parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		C Celebes, Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Cheiromeles parvidens	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Pinedapa.	Miller and Hollister	1921	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 34:100.			Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		C Sulawesi, Philippines																															NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Molossidae	Molossinae		Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles		parvidens	Miller and Hollister		1921		Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	34		100		Lesser Naked Bat	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Middle Sulawesi, Pinedapa.	Sulawesi, Sanana Isl (Sula Isls; Indonesia); Mindanao, Minoro, and Negros (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt).		Formerly included in torquatus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	194287C9FFBEBA12B487FF87B5D2F76E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Molossidae_598.pdf.imf	hash://md5/e57bffb1ffbcba10b412f760b226ffce	621	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/19/42/87/194287C9FFBEBA12B487FF87B5D2F76E.xml	Cheiromeles parvidens	Molossidae	Cheiromeles	parvidens	G. S. Miller & Hollister	1921	Chiromeéle a dents courtes @fr | Sulawesi-Nacktfledermaus @de | Queirémelo pequeno de espalda desnuda @es | Sulawesi Mastiff Bat @en	Cheiromeles parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921 , “Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Cheiromeles parvidens included C. torquatus , but it is smaller in size, and distributions are disjunct. Monotypic.	Philippines (Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao, and Jolo and Tawi-Tawi Is in the Sulu Archipelago) and Sulawesi, including nearby Buton and Sanana Is.	Head-body 104-5-115-4 mm, tail 54-3-64-1 mm, ear 24-1-29 mm, hindfoot (without claw) 21-23 mm, forearm 69-478 mm; weight 73-100 g. Body of the Lesser Naked Bat appears naked but is covered in very fine short hairs, particularly on undersides. Skin is dark brown to dark gray, and although smooth dorsally, there are thick loose folds on underside, particularly near genitals. There is a patch of stiff hairs or bristles associated with gular pouch, in which there is glandular structure, and bristles of short stiff hairs with spatulated ends on hallux of hindfeet, presumably used for grooming. Ears are not joined over top of head and are oriented laterally and slightly forward. Skull is broad, with well-developed sagittal crest and powerfuljaws. Lips are smooth, and upperlips appear to project over lowerlips to present an “overbite.” Wings are long, narrow, and folded when an individual is at rest such that third and fourth phalanges are tucked into subaxillary pouches formed by attachment of plagiopatagium dorsally rather than laterally; attachment runs from upper arm to thigh. Pouches open posteriorly, and tensor plagiopatagia muscle can tighten opening to stabilize position of folded wing. When wings are folded, an individual can move quadrupedally using pad at base of thumb and hindlimbs. Sturdy hindlimbs are angled such that feet project laterally, wings can be folded, and phalanges tucked away, and thumbs have thickened pads. Calcar might play a role in supporting shank for quadrupedal motion. Hallux of hindfootis set at almost a right angle to the rest of digits, appearing opposable and creating hand-like appearance from which the genus got its name (Greek for badger hand); this might assist with tucking wingtips into the pouch, terrestrial locomotion, moving backward up trees, and arboreal locomotion. Reverse climbing behavior is known for the related and morphologically very similar Greater Naked Bat ( C. torquatus ). Hindlimbs are short, stocky, and very strong; shank is angled anterodorsally, supporting quadrupedal movements (walking on “all fours”) and climbing. M? has third ridge highly reduced. Dental formulas 1/1, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) =26.	Probably agricultural and forested areas from sea level up to elevations of¢. 200 m .	The Lesser Naked Bat is an aerial insectivore that forages fast and high in open spaces over and well above vegetation. It has been captured in mist-nets set over slow-moving rivers. Dietary data are unavailable, but strong jaws, well-developed canines, and enlarged temporal muscles are adaptations that would enable it to puncture and crunch hard-shelled prey such as beetles.	Lesser Naked Bats presumably have two young per pregnancy that are left in roosts when females leave to forage.	Captures suggest that Lesser Naked Bats are actively foraging, at least overrivers, in the first 1-2 hours after dusk. Activity might continue throughout the night. It is known to roost in hollow trees, coconut palms, and occasionally caves.	The Lesser Naked Bat shares morphological adaptations for quadrupedal and arboreal movement as seen in the Great er Naked Bat. Large heavy body and long narrow wings suggest high wing loading and low aspect ratio—parameters that facilitate fast efficient flight. Therefore, it is likely that Lesser Naked Bats forage far from day roosts, possibly tens of kilometers per night, although there are no direct observations. Social organization is unconfirmed, but colonial roosting seems probable based on clustered patterns of captures, and gregarious behavior of the related Greater Naked Bat. Secretions from gular sac, genital folds, and subaxillary pouch are extremely pungent and unpleasant to most people but probably play roles in social communication. Collections from Mindanao Island, Philippines , confirm association between commensal earwigs Arixenis camura and Xeniaria bicornus (Arixeniina, Dermaptera) and Lesser Naked Bats. Arixenis camura might exploit some product of glandular skin because its mouthparts are reduced and largely adapted for brushing rather than masticating. Based on mouthpart morphology, Xeniaria insects are believed to be consuming insects in bat roosts.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There is very little information on population status of the Lesser Naked Bat, but deforestation is occurring throughout its distribution. It is hunted for consumption in Sulawesi .	Corbet & Hill (1992) | Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008d) | Flannery (1995a) | Freeman (1979) | Heaney et al. (2010) | Ingle & Heaney (1992) | Nakata & Maa (1974) | Nowak (1999) | Schutt & Simmons (2001) | Simmons & Cirranello (2018)	https://zenodo.org/record/6772240/files/figure.png	2. Lesser Naked Bat Cheiromeles parvidens French: Chiromeéle a dents courtes / German: Sulawesi-Nacktfledermaus / Spanish: Queirémelo pequeno de espalda desnuda Other common names: Sulawesi Mastiff Bat Taxonomy. Cheiromeles parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921 , “Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi ],” Indonesia . Cheiromeles parvidens included C. torquatus , but it is smaller in size, and distributions are disjunct. Monotypic. Distribution. Philippines (Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao, and Jolo and Tawi-Tawi Is in the Sulu Archipelago) and Sulawesi, including nearby Buton and Sanana Is. Descriptive notes. Head-body 104-5-115-4 mm, tail 54-3-64-1 mm, ear 24-1-29 mm, hindfoot (without claw) 21-23 mm, forearm 69-478 mm; weight 73-100 g. Body of the Lesser Naked Bat appears naked but is covered in very fine short hairs, particularly on undersides. Skin is dark brown to dark gray, and although smooth dorsally, there are thick loose folds on underside, particularly near genitals. There is a patch of stiff hairs or bristles associated with gular pouch, in which there is glandular structure, and bristles of short stiff hairs with spatulated ends on hallux of hindfeet, presumably used for grooming. Ears are not joined over top of head and are oriented laterally and slightly forward. Skull is broad, with well-developed sagittal crest and powerfuljaws. Lips are smooth, and upperlips appear to project over lowerlips to present an “overbite.” Wings are long, narrow, and folded when an individual is at rest such that third and fourth phalanges are tucked into subaxillary pouches formed by attachment of plagiopatagium dorsally rather than laterally; attachment runs from upper arm to thigh. Pouches open posteriorly, and tensor plagiopatagia muscle can tighten opening to stabilize position of folded wing. When wings are folded, an individual can move quadrupedally using pad at base of thumb and hindlimbs. Sturdy hindlimbs are angled such that feet project laterally, wings can be folded, and phalanges tucked away, and thumbs have thickened pads. Calcar might play a role in supporting shank for quadrupedal motion. Hallux of hindfootis set at almost a right angle to the rest of digits, appearing opposable and creating hand-like appearance from which the genus got its name (Greek for badger hand); this might assist with tucking wingtips into the pouch, terrestrial locomotion, moving backward up trees, and arboreal locomotion. Reverse climbing behavior is known for the related and morphologically very similar Greater Naked Bat ( C. torquatus ). Hindlimbs are short, stocky, and very strong; shank is angled anterodorsally, supporting quadrupedal movements (walking on “all fours”) and climbing. M? has third ridge highly reduced. Dental formulas 1/1, C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) =26. Habitat. Probably agricultural and forested areas from sea level up to elevations of¢. 200 m . Food and Feeding. The Lesser Naked Bat is an aerial insectivore that forages fast and high in open spaces over and well above vegetation. It has been captured in mist-nets set over slow-moving rivers. Dietary data are unavailable, but strong jaws, well-developed canines, and enlarged temporal muscles are adaptations that would enable it to puncture and crunch hard-shelled prey such as beetles. Breeding. Lesser Naked Bats presumably have two young per pregnancy that are left in roosts when females leave to forage. Activity patterns. Captures suggest that Lesser Naked Bats are actively foraging, at least overrivers, in the first 1-2 hours after dusk. Activity might continue throughout the night. It is known to roost in hollow trees, coconut palms, and occasionally caves. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Lesser Naked Bat shares morphological adaptations for quadrupedal and arboreal movement as seen in the Great er Naked Bat. Large heavy body and long narrow wings suggest high wing loading and low aspect ratio—parameters that facilitate fast efficient flight. Therefore, it is likely that Lesser Naked Bats forage far from day roosts, possibly tens of kilometers per night, although there are no direct observations. Social organization is unconfirmed, but colonial roosting seems probable based on clustered patterns of captures, and gregarious behavior of the related Greater Naked Bat. Secretions from gular sac, genital folds, and subaxillary pouch are extremely pungent and unpleasant to most people but probably play roles in social communication. Collections from Mindanao Island, Philippines , confirm association between commensal earwigs Arixenis camura and Xeniaria bicornus (Arixeniina, Dermaptera) and Lesser Naked Bats. Arixenis camura might exploit some product of glandular skin because its mouthparts are reduced and largely adapted for brushing rather than masticating. Based on mouthpart morphology, Xeniaria insects are believed to be consuming insects in bat roosts. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There is very little information on population status of the Lesser Naked Bat, but deforestation is occurring throughout its distribution. It is hunted for consumption in Sulawesi . Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates, Gumal & Kingston (2008d), Flannery (1995a), Freeman (1979), Heaney et al. (2010), Ingle & Heaney (1992), Nakata & Maa (1974), Nowak (1999), Schutt & Simmons (2001), Simmons & Cirranello (2018).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Molossidae	Cheiromeles parvidens	Cheiromeles		parvidens	Miller & Hollister	1921	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	35:40:00	Lesser Naked Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Middle Sulawesi, Pinedapa.	Sulawesi, Sanana Isl (Sula Isls; Indonesia); Mindanao, Minoro, and Negros (Philippines).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Formerly included in torquatus , but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995 b ).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Cheiromeles parvidens	23	Lesser Naked Bat	Sulawesi Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	MOLOSSIDAE	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	parvidens	G. S. Miller & Hollister	1921	0	Cheiromeles_parvidens	Miller, G. S., Jr., & Hollister, N. (1921). Twenty New Mammals Collected by H. C. Raven in Celebes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 34, 100.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3332393#page/124/mode/1up	USNM 219350		"Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921	NA	NA	Philippines|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4600	Cheiromeles parvidens	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MOLOSSIDAE	Cheiromeles	parvidens	Miller &; Hollister, 1921	There is a need for studies of geographic variation across the species' range (L. Heaney, K. Helgen and D. Balete pers. comm. 2006).	20000000	Cheiromeles parvidens	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	The species is confirmed as Least Concern because its extent of occurrence is greater than 20,000 km², although there is very little information known about its population status, and there are some major threats, it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.	The species is not well known, but it probably occurs in agricultural areas from sea level up to 200 m asl. It has often been found roosting in hollow trees (Rabor 1986, Taylor 1934, Heaney et al. 1998). The record from Sanana Island is from secondary forest near a village (K. Helgen pers. comm. 2006). In the Philippines these bats are known to roost in coconut palms, hollow trees, and occasionally in caves (Ingle and Heaney 1992). They have been found flying low over the mouth of a stream on Sunana Island (Flannery 1995). These bats are insectivores and are thought to have two young at a time that are left in the roost when the adult bats go to forage (Nowak 1999).	Deforestation is occurring throughout its range. In the Philippines, much of the lowland forest has been lost. As this species is a large microbat, it is hunted in Sulawesi in large numbers (K. Helgen pers. comm. 2006).	The population status of this species is unknown as there have not been many appropriate surveys.	Unknown	This species occurs on Buton (T. Kingston pers. comm. 2006), Sanana, Sulawesi and Sulu Islands (Indonesia) (Lawrence 1939, Simmons 2005, Flannery 1995) and throughout the Philippines, except Palawan (Ingle and Heaney 1992), where it is reported from Mindoro (Lawrence 1939), Mindanao (Davao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, Sarangani (AMNH), Zamboanga del Norte (ROM), and South Cotabato provinces), and Negros (Heaney et al. 1998). There is a record from Tawi-tawi (K. Helgen pers. comm. 2006).		Terrestrial	The species occurs in a number of protected areas.	Australasian|Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Molossidae	Cheiromeles		parvidens	Miller & Hollister	1921	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	35:40:00	Lesser Naked Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Middle Sulawesi, Pinedapa.	Sulawesi, Sanana Isl (Sula Isls; Indonesia); Mindanao, Minoro, and Negros (Philippines).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Formerly included in torquatus , but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995 b ).	Cheiromeles parvidens	1005164	23	Lesser Naked Bat	Sulawesi Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Molossidae	MOLOSSINAE	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	parvidens	G. S. Miller & Hollister	1921	0	Cheiromeles_parvidens	Miller, G. S., Jr., & Hollister, N. (1921). Twenty New Mammals Collected by H. C. Raven in Celebes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 34, 100.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3332393#page/124/mode/1up	USNM 219350		"Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			parvidens G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921	NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Cheiromeles_parvidens	1005164	23	Lesser Naked Bat	Sulawesi Mastiff Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Molossidae	Molossinae	NA	Cheiromeles	NA	parvidens	G. S. Miller & Hollister	0	Cheiromeles parvidens	Miller, G.S., Jr. and Hollister, N. 1921-06-30. Twenty new mammals collected by H. C. Raven in Celebes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34:93-104.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3332430	USNM:MAMM:219350	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3dcdcd98f-a6d8-41d8-8729-fcffdc842fd5	"Pinedapa, Middle Celebes [= Sulawesi]," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Philippines|Indonesia	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	sciname match	Cheiromeles_parvidens	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Molossidae	Cheiromeles		parvidens	Miller & Hollister	1921	0	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.	35:40:00	Lesser Naked Bat	None.	Indonesia, Sulawesi, Middle Sulawesi, Pinedapa.	Sulawesi, Sanana Isl (Sula Isls; Indonesia); Mindanao, Minoro, and Negros (Philippines).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4600/22034921/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Formerly included in torquatus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Cheiromeles parvidens; Cheiromeles parvidens; Cheiromeles parvidens; Cheiromeles parvidens; Cheiromeles parvidens; Cheiromeles parvidens; parvidens; Chiromeéle a dents courtes; Sulawesi-Nacktfledermaus; Queirémelo pequeno de espalda desnuda; Sulawesi Mastiff Bat; Lesser Naked Bat; Sulawesi Mastiff Bat; Lesser Naked Bat; Lesser Naked Bat; C. parvidens