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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1332	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Rhinolophus philippinensis [synonym of]	Rhinolophus philippinensis achilles	Rhinolophus philippinensis achilles	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophus philippinensis achilles	Rhinolophus achilles	N/A	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophus achilles		[HMW] Rhinolophus achilles Thomas, 1900 , Kai Islands , Indonesia . Included in the philippinensis species group and previously treated as a subspecies of R. philippinensis . There is considerable confusion as to which populations belong to which taxon within this clade, as not all populations attributed to R philippinensis (sensu lato) have been genetically tested. On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus megaphyllus }; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus keyensis }; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus virgo }; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus madurensis }; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus celebensis }; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus robinsoni ); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus nereis }; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus borneensis ); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus malayanus }; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cornutus }; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus perditus }; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monticolus }; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus shortridgei }; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monoceros }; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus pusillus }; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus subbadius }; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus convexus }; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cognatus }; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus refulgens }; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus lepidus }; The name mbertsi has been used for this species in recent publications, but these papers were referring only to populations in Queensland , and it is treated here as a synonym . Based on morphology, the populations on the Kai Islands and Queensland belong to the same species, for which the name achiUes has nomenclatural priority. Two variations are currently recognized within Australian R achiUes, a large form (“true” R achiUes) and a small form (a possibly undescribed species termed the “Intermediate Horseshoe Bat ”); these differ in size and echolocation peak frequency, and their taxonomy is unclear. They are genetically very similar, and based on an mtDNA study in 2004 they form a monophyletic cluster that is sister to the Sulawesian samples. There are theories that the smaller form may be a hybrid R achiUes x R megaphyllus or an ecological adaptation to eating different prey rather than a distinct species. R achiUes is here recognized as a full species separate from R philippinensis , following taxonomic authorities within Australia (although they refer to these populations as R mbertsi ) and based on the genetic distance between this species and other members of the philippinensis group, but further taxonomic work is required on all populations and forms within the philippinensis group. Monotypic.; [MDD2022] split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.; [batnames2023] Distinct from philippinensis , but the exact composition of this species is currently unclear. Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995 a , b ), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995 a , b ) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995 b) . Flannery (1995 a , b ) referred all New Guinea populations to maros , but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi , while recognizing the Kai Island form, achilles , as a distinct subspecies. Jackson and Groves (2015) followed Churchill (2008) and Reardon et al. (2010) in recognizing robersti as a distinct Australian species, but did not mention the other form, often referred to as the "intermediate" form (see Churchill, 2008; Reardon et al., 2010). Burgin (2019) synonymized robertsi with  achilles , which has priority, on the basis of morphology. Burgin (2019) notes that there are two forms of achilles in Queensland that differ in size and echolocation peak frequency (true achilles and the "intermediate" form). Addiitional work is needed to resolve issues surrounding the composition and distribution of philippinesis , achilles , robertsi , and the "intermediate" form.; [MDD2023] split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.; [MDD2025_2.0] split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.; [batnames2025_1.7] Distinct from philippinensis, but the exact composition of this species is currently unclear. Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995a, b), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995a, b) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995b). Flannery (1995a, b) referred all New Guinea populations to maros, but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi, while recognizing the Kai Island form, achilles, as a distinct subspecies. Jackson and Groves (2015) followed Churchill (2008) and Reardon et al. (2010) in recognizing robersti as a distinct Australian species, but did not mention the other form, often referred to as the "intermediate" form (see Churchill, 2008; Reardon et al., 2010). Burgin (2019) synonymized robertsi with  achilles, which has priority, on the basis of morphology. Burgin (2019) notes that there are two forms of achilles in Queensland that differ in size and echolocation peak frequency (true achilles and the "intermediate" form). Addiitional work is needed to resolve issues surrounding the composition and distribution of philippinesis, achilles, robertsi, and the "intermediate" form.; [MDD2025_2.2] split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.											robertsi			achilles, robertsi		achilles	achilles - robertsi	achilles, robertsi 	achilles, robertsi 	achilles 	achilles - robertsi	achilles O. Thomas, 1900|robertsi Tate, 1952						N/A																																								NA																											885887A2FFD08A36FF1EF12BF74DD2B6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf	hash://md5/7461ffdaffcf8a29ffccffa1ff85d963	305	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/88/58/87/885887A2FFD58A32F89BF15EF7BBDAB6.xml	Rhinolophus achilles	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus	achilles	Thomas	1900	Queensland Horseshoe Bat @en | Rhinolophe achilie @fr | Queensland-Hufeisennase @de | Herradura de Queensland @es | @en | ntermediate Horseshoe Bat (small form) @en	Rhinolophus achilles Thomas, 1900 , Kai Islands , Indonesia . Included in the philippinensis species group and previously treated as a subspecies of R. philippinensis . There is considerable confusion as to which populations belong to which taxon within this clade, as not all populations attributed to R philippinensis (sensu lato) have been genetically tested. On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus megaphyllus }; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus keyensis }; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus virgo }; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus madurensis }; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus celebensis }; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus robinsoni ); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus nereis }; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus borneensis ); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus malayanus }; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cornutus }; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus perditus }; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monticolus }; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus shortridgei }; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monoceros }; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus pusillus }; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus subbadius }; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus convexus }; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cognatus }; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus refulgens }; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus lepidus }; The name mbertsi has been used for this species in recent publications, but these papers were referring only to populations in Queensland , and it is treated here as a synonym . Based on morphology, the populations on the Kai Islands and Queensland belong to the same species, for which the name achiUes has nomenclatural priority. Two variations are currently recognized within Australian R achiUes, a large form (“true” R achiUes) and a small form (a possibly undescribed species termed the “Intermediate Horseshoe Bat ”); these differ in size and echolocation peak frequency, and their taxonomy is unclear. They are genetically very similar, and based on an mtDNA study in 2004 they form a monophyletic cluster that is sister to the Sulawesian samples. There are theories that the smaller form may be a hybrid R achiUes x R megaphyllus or an ecological adaptation to eating different prey rather than a distinct species. R achiUes is here recognized as a full species separate from R philippinensis , following taxonomic authorities within Australia (although they refer to these populations as R mbertsi ) and based on the genetic distance between this species and other members of the philippinensis group, but further taxonomic work is required on all populations and forms within the philippinensis group. Monotypic.	Kai Is and N Australia (Cape York Peninsula, NE Queensland ); large form (true Ä achiUes) from Iron Range S to Townsville and W to Chillagoe, Queensland , and Kai Is; small form (“Intermediate Horseshoe Bat”) from Iron Range and Mcllwraith Range N of Coen in Queensland .	Head-body 45-59 mm , tail 25-34- 4 mm , ear 25-3-27- 3 mm , forearm 50-53- 5 mm , weight 8-3-9- 9 g for the small form; head-body 54-60 mm , tail 31- 34- 3 mm , ear 29-33- 3 mm , forearm 52-59 mm , weight 10-1-16- 2 g for the large form. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat has two major size morphs that are separable, based mostly on size (see measurements above) but also by their noseleaves, small form having narrower sella (less than two-thirds of horseshoe width) than large form (greater than two-thirds of horseshoe width). There is also a cline from north to south with smaller animals in south. Dorsal pelage is grayish brown peppered with white hairs (giving a somewhat grizzled appearance), while ventral pelage is paler and more grayish. Noseleaf, anus, and penis or pubic teats are usually gray (small form) or bright yellow or gray (large form). There is no orange morph. Ears are enormous and antitragus is well developed and marked off by deep notch. Noseleaf has prominent lancet with broadly rounded tip; connecting process is low, has convex outline, andjoins lancet near base; sella is very large, long, and tongue-shaped, being narrowest at base with longitudinal median depression extending nearly to top; intemarial cup is very broad and extends laterally over much of horseshoe width, although this varies between the two forms; horseshoe is exceptionally broad, covers and extends well past muzzle, has deep median emargination, and lateral leaflets. Skull is narrow and long (zygomatic width is much less than mastoid width); median nasal swellings are conspicuous and elliptical and protrude anteriorly well beyond rostral wall; lateral compartments are elongate; sagittal crest is very low to low; frontal depression is deep or moderately deep; supraorbital crests are moderately developed. P2 is small but within tooth row completely, separating C 1 and P4; tiny to small Ps is also within tooth row separating P, and P4.	Queensland Horseshoe Bats forage in a variety offorested habitats, including rainforest, gallery forest, paperbark forests, and tropical eucalypt woodlands.	Queensland Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous, generally foraging below the canopy around cluttered, dense vegetation. They forage by aerial-hawking, perch-hunting, and to a lesser extent ground and vegetation gleaning; they are slow, fluttery fliers when foraging. Fecal pellets collected in late November from pregnant females contained primarily moths (mostly non-eared moth families that cannot hear their echolocation calls; Anthelidae , Lasiocampidae , and Cossidae ) and beetles, although some grasshoppers, crickets, and lacewings were evident as well. They may perch to consume prey, discarding the wings of moths before consuming them.	In Queensland heavily pregnant females have been captured in late October at Mount Molloy, in October in the Mcllwraith Range, and late November in the Iron Range. Litter size is one young; births seem to occur in October and November, indicating that these bats undergo restricted seasonal monoestry.	The Queensland Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal, leaving the roost at dusk to forage through the night and coming back at dawn to roost all day. It may be able to enter a torpid state during the day, but does not hibernate. The species has been recorded roosting in humid, warm caves, abandoned mines, and road culverts, occasionally in hollows at the bases oflarge trees. Call shape is FM/CF/FM and peak F has been recorded at 28-34 kHz (large form) and 40 kHz (small form) in Queensland .	The Queensland Horseshoe Bat is generally less gregarious than other rhinolophids, roosting spread out within the roost rather than in a cluster. Not many individuals will share the same roost, with up to 18 recorded from a large cave that also included several thousand Australian Long-fingered Bats (Minipterus orianae) and several hundred Eastern Horseshoe Bats ( R . megaphyllus ). However, the normal number of individuals found sharing a cave is usually under ten. Females form small maternity colonies when giving birth and rearing young ; these are at relatively low densities. Maternity roosts may be shared with Eastern Horseshoe Bats.	Not assessed on The IUCN Red List due to recent elevation to species level. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat seems to have relatively low population densities and is rather rare throughout its range. In Australia , habitat destruction caused by deforestation and mining are major threats to the species, since it relies so heavily on forested habitats for foraging. Stress caused by roost disturbance through ecotourism is also a particularly major threat to this species, as well as the collapse, reopening, and destruction of abandoned mine shafts. Due to its limited distribution and the threats, the species would probably be considered Vulnerable or Endangered on The IUCNed List, and various agencies have discussed the protection of this species in Australia ; it is listed as Vulnerable by the EPBC Act. Further research into threats is needed.	Churchill (2008) | Cooper et al. (1998) | Flannery (1995a, 1995b) | Kingston & Rossiter (2004) | Kutt (2004) | Pavey (1999) | Pavey & Kutt (2008) | Reardon et al. (2010) | Thomson et al. (2001) | TSSC (2016) | Vestjens & Hall SÄ'..)	https://zenodo.org/record/3750008/files/figure.png	51 . Queensland Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus achilles French : Rhinolophe achilie/ German : Queensland-Hufeisennase /Spanish: Herradura de Queensland Other common names : Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat (large form). Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (small form) Taxonomy. Rhinolophus achilles Thomas, 1900 , Kai Islands , Indonesia . Included in the philippinensis species group and previously treated as a subspecies of R. philippinensis . There is considerable confusion as to which populations belong to which taxon within this clade, as not all populations attributed to R philippinensis (sensu lato) have been genetically tested. On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus megaphyllus }; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus keyensis }; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus virgo }; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus madurensis }; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus celebensis }; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus robinsoni ); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus nereis }; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus borneensis ); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus malayanus }; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus acuminatus }; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cornutus }; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus perditus }; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monticolus }; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus shortridgei }; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus monoceros }; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus pusillus }; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus subbadius }; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus convexus }; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus cognatus }; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus refulgens }; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus lepidus }; The name mbertsi has been used for this species in recent publications, but these papers were referring only to populations in Queensland , and it is treated here as a synonym . Based on morphology, the populations on the Kai Islands and Queensland belong to the same species, for which the name achiUes has nomenclatural priority. Two variations are currently recognized within Australian R achiUes, a large form (“true” R achiUes) and a small form (a possibly undescribed species termed the “Intermediate Horseshoe Bat ”); these differ in size and echolocation peak frequency, and their taxonomy is unclear. They are genetically very similar, and based on an mtDNA study in 2004 they form a monophyletic cluster that is sister to the Sulawesian samples. There are theories that the smaller form may be a hybrid R achiUes x R megaphyllus or an ecological adaptation to eating different prey rather than a distinct species. R achiUes is here recognized as a full species separate from R philippinensis , following taxonomic authorities within Australia (although they refer to these populations as R mbertsi ) and based on the genetic distance between this species and other members of the philippinensis group, but further taxonomic work is required on all populations and forms within the philippinensis group. Monotypic. Distribution. Kai Is and N Australia (Cape York Peninsula, NE Queensland ); large form (true Ä achiUes) from Iron Range S to Townsville and W to Chillagoe, Queensland , and Kai Is; small form (“Intermediate Horseshoe Bat”) from Iron Range and Mcllwraith Range N of Coen in Queensland . Descriptive notes. Head-body 45-59 mm , tail 25-34- 4 mm , ear 25-3-27- 3 mm , forearm 50-53- 5 mm , weight 8-3-9- 9 g for the small form; head-body 54-60 mm , tail 31- 34- 3 mm , ear 29-33- 3 mm , forearm 52-59 mm , weight 10-1-16- 2 g for the large form. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat has two major size morphs that are separable, based mostly on size (see measurements above) but also by their noseleaves, small form having narrower sella (less than two-thirds of horseshoe width) than large form (greater than two-thirds of horseshoe width). There is also a cline from north to south with smaller animals in south. Dorsal pelage is grayish brown peppered with white hairs (giving a somewhat grizzled appearance), while ventral pelage is paler and more grayish. Noseleaf, anus, and penis or pubic teats are usually gray (small form) or bright yellow or gray (large form). There is no orange morph. Ears are enormous and antitragus is well developed and marked off by deep notch. Noseleaf has prominent lancet with broadly rounded tip; connecting process is low, has convex outline, andjoins lancet near base; sella is very large, long, and tongue-shaped, being narrowest at base with longitudinal median depression extending nearly to top; intemarial cup is very broad and extends laterally over much of horseshoe width, although this varies between the two forms; horseshoe is exceptionally broad, covers and extends well past muzzle, has deep median emargination, and lateral leaflets. Skull is narrow and long (zygomatic width is much less than mastoid width); median nasal swellings are conspicuous and elliptical and protrude anteriorly well beyond rostral wall; lateral compartments are elongate; sagittal crest is very low to low; frontal depression is deep or moderately deep; supraorbital crests are moderately developed. P2 is small but within tooth row completely, separating C 1 and P4; tiny to small Ps is also within tooth row separating P, and P4. Habitat. Queensland Horseshoe Bats forage in a variety offorested habitats, including rainforest, gallery forest, paperbark forests, and tropical eucalypt woodlands. Food and Feeding. Queensland Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous, generally foraging below the canopy around cluttered, dense vegetation. They forage by aerial-hawking, perch-hunting, and to a lesser extent ground and vegetation gleaning; they are slow, fluttery fliers when foraging. Fecal pellets collected in late November from pregnant females contained primarily moths (mostly non-eared moth families that cannot hear their echolocation calls; Anthelidae , Lasiocampidae , and Cossidae ) and beetles, although some grasshoppers, crickets, and lacewings were evident as well. They may perch to consume prey, discarding the wings of moths before consuming them. Breeding. In Queensland heavily pregnant females have been captured in late October at Mount Molloy, in October in the Mcllwraith Range, and late November in the Iron Range. Litter size is one young; births seem to occur in October and November, indicating that these bats undergo restricted seasonal monoestry. Activity patterns. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat is nocturnal, leaving the roost at dusk to forage through the night and coming back at dawn to roost all day. It may be able to enter a torpid state during the day, but does not hibernate. The species has been recorded roosting in humid, warm caves, abandoned mines, and road culverts, occasionally in hollows at the bases oflarge trees. Call shape is FM/CF/FM and peak F has been recorded at 28-34 kHz (large form) and 40 kHz (small form) in Queensland . Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat is generally less gregarious than other rhinolophids, roosting spread out within the roost rather than in a cluster. Not many individuals will share the same roost, with up to 18 recorded from a large cave that also included several thousand Australian Long-fingered Bats (Minipterus orianae) and several hundred Eastern Horseshoe Bats ( R . megaphyllus ). However, the normal number of individuals found sharing a cave is usually under ten. Females form small maternity colonies when giving birth and rearing young ; these are at relatively low densities. Maternity roosts may be shared with Eastern Horseshoe Bats. Status and Conservation. Not assessed on The IUCN Red List due to recent elevation to species level. The Queensland Horseshoe Bat seems to have relatively low population densities and is rather rare throughout its range. In Australia , habitat destruction caused by deforestation and mining are major threats to the species, since it relies so heavily on forested habitats for foraging. Stress caused by roost disturbance through ecotourism is also a particularly major threat to this species, as well as the collapse, reopening, and destruction of abandoned mine shafts. Due to its limited distribution and the threats, the species would probably be considered Vulnerable or Endangered on The IUCNed List, and various agencies have discussed the protection of this species in Australia ; it is listed as Vulnerable by the EPBC Act. Further research into threats is needed. Bibliography. Churchill (2008), Cooper eta/. (1998), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Kingston & Rossiter (2004), Kutt (2004), Pavey (1999), Pavey & Kutt (2008), Reardon et al. (2010), Thomson et al. (2001), TSSC (2016), Vestjens & Hall SÄ'.	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus philippinensis achilles	Rhinolophus		philippinensis													Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Rhinolophus achilles	23	Queensland Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	RHINOLOPHIDAE	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	achilles	O. Thomas	1900	0	Rhinolophus_achilles	Thomas, O. (1900). A new bat from the Key Islands. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 7, 5, 145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55143#page/161/mode/1up	BM 1899.12.4.5		Kai Islands, Indonesia.			achilles O. Thomas, 1900|robertsi Tate, 1952	split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.	Indonesia|Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_achilles	0	unmatched	NA	1																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		achilles	O. Thomas	1900	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser 7., 5:154	Queensland Horseshoe Bat	<b> achilles </b>Thomas, 1900; <b> alleni </b>Lawrence, 1939;<b> maros </b>Tate and Archbold, 1939;<b> robertsi </b>Tate, 1952; <b> sanborni </b>Chasen, 1940.	Indonesia, Kai Islands	Kai Isls. (Indonesia), NE Queensland (Australia)	Not listed	Least Concern under Rhinolophus philippinensis 	Distinct from philippinensis , but the exact composition of this species is currently unclear. Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995 a , b ), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995 a , b ) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995 b) . Flannery (1995 a , b ) referred all New Guinea populations to maros , but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi , while recognizing the Kai Island form, achilles , as a distinct subspecies. Jackson and Groves (2015) followed Churchill (2008) and Reardon et al. (2010) in recognizing robersti as a distinct Australian species, but did not mention the other form, often referred to as the "intermediate" form (see Churchill, 2008; Reardon et al., 2010). Burgin (2019) synonymized robertsi with  achilles , which has priority, on the basis of morphology. Burgin (2019) notes that there are two forms of achilles in Queensland that differ in size and echolocation peak frequency (true achilles and the "intermediate" form). Addiitional work is needed to resolve issues surrounding the composition and distribution of philippinesis , achilles , robertsi , and the "intermediate" form.	Rhinolophus achilles	1004651	23	Queensland Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	RHINOLOPHOIDEA	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	achilles	O. Thomas	1900	0	Rhinolophus_achilles	Thomas, O. (1900). A new bat from the Key Islands. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, ser. 7, 5, 145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55143#page/161/mode/1up	BM 1899.12.4.5		Kai Islands, Indonesia.			achilles O. Thomas, 1900|robertsi Tate, 1952	split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Indonesia|Australia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	NA	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_achilles	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Rhinolophus_achilles	1004651	23	Queensland Horseshoe Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Rhinolophoidea	Rhinolophidae	NA	NA	Rhinolophus	NA	achilles	O. Thomas	0	Rhinolophus achilles	Thomas, O. 1900-01-01. A new bat from the Key Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)5(25):145.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16333562	BMNH:Mamm:1899.12.4.5	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/bf1befc2-fa4f-47c3-97b9-462c4df0f249	Kai Islands, Indonesia.			split from R. philippinensis and is typically known as robertsi in Australian publications, but populations on the Kai Islands appear to represent this species based on morphological similarities, for which the name R. achilles has been named, having priority over robertsi.	Wilson D.E. & Mittermeier R.A. 2019. Handbook of the mammals of the world. Vol. 9. Bats. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.				Indonesia|Australia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	NE	0	0	0	Rhinolophus_achilles	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Rhinolophidae	Rhinolophus		achilles	O. Thomas	1900	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser 7., 5:154	Queensland Horseshoe Bat	achilles Thomas, 1900; alleni Lawrence, 1939; maros Tate and Archbold, 1939; robertsi Tate, 1952; sanborni Chasen, 1940.	Indonesia, Kai Islands	Kai Isls. (Indonesia), NE Queensland (Australia)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	Distinct from philippinensis, but the exact composition of this species is currently unclear. Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995a, b), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995a, b) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995b). Flannery (1995a, b) referred all New Guinea populations to maros, but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi, while recognizing the Kai Island form, achilles, as a distinct subspecies. Jackson and Groves (2015) followed Churchill (2008) and Reardon et al. (2010) in recognizing robersti as a distinct Australian species, but did not mention the other form, often referred to as the "intermediate" form (see Churchill, 2008; Reardon et al., 2010). Burgin (2019) synonymized robertsi with  achilles, which has priority, on the basis of morphology. Burgin (2019) notes that there are two forms of achilles in Queensland that differ in size and echolocation peak frequency (true achilles and the "intermediate" form). Addiitional work is needed to resolve issues surrounding the composition and distribution of philippinesis, achilles, robertsi, and the "intermediate" form.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Rhinolophus achilles; Rhinolophus philippinensis achilles; Rhinolophus achilles; Rhinolophus achilles; robertsi; achilles; robertsi; Queensland Horseshoe Bat; Rhinolophe achilie; Queensland-Hufeisennase; Herradura de Queensland; ntermediate Horseshoe Bat (small form); Queensland Horseshoe Bat; Queensland Horseshoe Bat; R. achilles