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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1329	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus voeltzkowi		[MSW2] See Bergmans (1990).; [MSW3] niger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).; [HMW] Pteropus (Spectrum) voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909 , Fufuni, southern Pemba Island , Tanzania . Pteropus voeltzkowr 1s in the lvingstonii species group. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  livingstonii species group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).; [batnames2023]  livingstonii species group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).; [batnames2025_1.7] livingstoniispecies group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).														voeltzkowi				voeltzkowi	voeltzkowi			voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Pemba flying fox	Pemba I, off Tanzania	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Tanzania, Pemba Isl., Fufuni.	Matschie	1909	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 486.	Distribution: Con fined to Pemba island (north of Zanzibar).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Pemba flying fox	Pemba I, off Tanzania; V	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Matschie	1909	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 486.	See Bergmans (1990).	Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni.		MATSCHIE	1909	Ears shorter (20-30 mm) than in P. seychellensis, but size intermediate between it and P. rufus (fore arm length, 151-161 mm).	Distribution: Con fined to Pemba island (north of Zanzibar).	No subspecies.		23	species	P. voeltzkowi	MATSCHIE	1909	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus voeltzkowi				Ears shorter (20-30 mm) than in P. seychellensis, but size intermediate between it and P. rufus (fore arm length, 151-161 mm).	No subspecies.		20. P. voeltzkowi MATSCHIE 1909 [niger group],	20	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus		voeltzkowi	Matschie		1909		Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin			486		Pemba Flying Fox	Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni.	Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Critically Endangered.		niger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	03AD87FAFF94F67A89B43875F756F8C1	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	155	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFA5F64B8C69351EF999F68A.xml	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	voeltzkowi		1909	Roussette de Pemba @fr | Pemba-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Pemba @es	Pteropus (Spectrum) voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909 , Fufuni, southern Pemba Island , Tanzania . Pteropus voeltzkowr 1s in the lvingstonii species group. Monotypic.	Pemba 1 (off the coast of Tanzania ).	Head-body 220- 265 mm (tailless), ear 20-30 mm , hindfoot 43-47 mm , forearm 145-163 mm ; weight 430-610 g . Males are slightly larger and darker red than females. Head of the Pemba Flying Fox is fox-like; face is uniform brown, without dark facemask; muzzle is long and tapering; eyes are moderately large, with chestnut-brown irises; and ears are pointed, naked, and blackish brown. Crown is dark brown to rusty brown, and some gray hairs can be present; nape has longer, coarser, and rusty red or rusty orange hairs, forming reddish mantle, extended as a collar; back is black, blackish brown, or dark reddish brown; hairs are rusty red or blackish brown, with some of them pale gray or rusty brown; pelage is dense and 15 mm long mid-dorsally. Chestis dark golden brown, abdomen and flanks are lighter golden brown, and chin and throat and dark brown. Exceptionally, ventral pelage is darker or rusty brown at center and lighter on flanks. Wings are very dark brown and attach to second toe, and tibia and forearm are naked. Index claw is present. Skull is long and robust; rostrum is of medium length. There are 13 palatal ridges; ridges 1-5 are undivided; ridges 6-10 are divided; and ridges are 11-13 post-dental. Dentition is typical pteropine.	Primary and secondary (moist) forests, undisturbed traditional graveyards and mangroves, and small offshore islands from sea level only up to elevations of c. 45m .	The Pemba Flying Fox is strongly frugivorous; mangoes ( Mangifera indica , Anacardiaceae ) form the major part ofits diet. Fruit, flowers, and leaves from at least 16 genera in twelve families are eaten. It seems to prefer cultivated fruits.	Births of Pemba Flying Foxes occur in June-August, with young recorded in August—October; assuming gestation of 4-6 months, mating takes place in January—April.	The Pemba Flying Fox forages at night. Roosts can be found in tall trees such as M. indica , with a preference for Erythrophleum suaveolens ( Fabaceae ).	Pemba Flying Foxes roost alone or in mixed-sex colonies of up to 5000 individuals.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List. The Pemba Flying Fox was downgraded from Critically Endangered (1996) because population grew from ¢.3000 individuals in 1992 to a current estimate of more than 22,000 individuals in 44 known roosts. Current classification is due to its restricted distribution (Pemba Island), continued hunting, disturbance of roostsites, and conflicts with local fruit growers. It is most common on western side of Pemba and occurs in protected areas (e.g. Ngezi Forest Reserve and Msitu Kuu Forest). A captive breeding program was established at the Phoenix Zoo ( USA ).	Almeida et al. (2014) | Andersen (1912b) | Carroll & Feistner (1996) | Entwistle & Corp (19973, 1997b) | Entwistle & Juma (2016) | Happold & Happold (2013) | Mickleburgh et al. (1992) | O'Brien et al. (2009) | Seehausen (1990)		175. Pemba Flying Fox Pteropus voeltzkowi French: Roussette de Pemba / German: Pemba-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Pemba Taxonomy. Pteropus (Spectrum) voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909 , Fufuni, southern Pemba Island , Tanzania . Pteropus voeltzkowr 1s in the lvingstonii species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Pemba 1 (off the coast of Tanzania ). Descriptive notes. Head-body 220- 265 mm (tailless), ear 20-30 mm , hindfoot 43-47 mm , forearm 145-163 mm ; weight 430-610 g . Males are slightly larger and darker red than females. Head of the Pemba Flying Fox is fox-like; face is uniform brown, without dark facemask; muzzle is long and tapering; eyes are moderately large, with chestnut-brown irises; and ears are pointed, naked, and blackish brown. Crown is dark brown to rusty brown, and some gray hairs can be present; nape has longer, coarser, and rusty red or rusty orange hairs, forming reddish mantle, extended as a collar; back is black, blackish brown, or dark reddish brown; hairs are rusty red or blackish brown, with some of them pale gray or rusty brown; pelage is dense and 15 mm long mid-dorsally. Chestis dark golden brown, abdomen and flanks are lighter golden brown, and chin and throat and dark brown. Exceptionally, ventral pelage is darker or rusty brown at center and lighter on flanks. Wings are very dark brown and attach to second toe, and tibia and forearm are naked. Index claw is present. Skull is long and robust; rostrum is of medium length. There are 13 palatal ridges; ridges 1-5 are undivided; ridges 6-10 are divided; and ridges are 11-13 post-dental. Dentition is typical pteropine. Habitat. Primary and secondary (moist) forests, undisturbed traditional graveyards and mangroves, and small offshore islands from sea level only up to elevations of c. 45m . Food and Feeding. The Pemba Flying Fox is strongly frugivorous; mangoes ( Mangifera indica , Anacardiaceae ) form the major part ofits diet. Fruit, flowers, and leaves from at least 16 genera in twelve families are eaten. It seems to prefer cultivated fruits. Breeding. Births of Pemba Flying Foxes occur in June-August, with young recorded in August—October; assuming gestation of 4-6 months, mating takes place in January—April. Activity patterns. The Pemba Flying Fox forages at night. Roosts can be found in tall trees such as M. indica , with a preference for Erythrophleum suaveolens ( Fabaceae ). Movements, Home range and Social organization. Pemba Flying Foxes roost alone or in mixed-sex colonies of up to 5000 individuals. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List. The Pemba Flying Fox was downgraded from Critically Endangered (1996) because population grew from ¢.3000 individuals in 1992 to a current estimate of more than 22,000 individuals in 44 known roosts. Current classification is due to its restricted distribution (Pemba Island), continued hunting, disturbance of roostsites, and conflicts with local fruit growers. It is most common on western side of Pemba and occurs in protected areas (e.g. Ngezi Forest Reserve and Msitu Kuu Forest). A captive breeding program was established at the Phoenix Zoo ( USA ). Bibliography. Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Carroll & Feistner (1996), Entwistle & Corp (19973, 1997b), Entwistle & Juma (2016), Happold & Happold (2013), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), O'Brien et al. (2009), Seehausen (1990).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Pteropus		voeltzkowi	Matschie	1909	0	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 486	Pemba Flying Fox	None.	Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni.	Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	Appendix II	Vulnerable	 livingstonii species group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus voeltzkowi	23	Pemba Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	voeltzkowi	Matschie	1909	0	Pteropus_(Spectrum)_voeltzkowi	Matschie, P. (1909). Eine Art der Gattung Pteropus von der Insel Pemba. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde Berlin, 1909, 486.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39572#page/516/mode/1up	ZMB 88677		Fufuni, southern Pemba Island, Tanzania.			voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909	NA	NA	Tanzania	Africa	Afrotropic	VU	0	0	0	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	sciname match	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18768	Pteropus voeltzkowi	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	voeltzkowi	Matschie, 1909		20000000	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Vulnerable	D2	2016	2014-01-29 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Vulnerable because it is restricted to Pemba Island and, although the ongoing conservation activities have significantly reduced the declines of this species, hunting has been reduced but not stopped, human disturbance at roost sites and conflict with local fruit growers are plausible threats increasing that could drive the species to a higher threatened status.	Roost sites are widely distributed across Pemba, with a concentration in the west of the island (Seehausen et al.  1992), and a proportion of the population is found on the small islands off the west and east coast of Pemba (Robinson 2008.) This species has been recorded from primary forest, secondary forest, undisturbed traditional grave yards and mangroves, but appear to mostly rely on primary and secondary moist forest in the dry season (Seehausen et al.  1992). Will roost in several different species of trees, including large examples of non-native trees (such as mango (Mangifera indica ) and kapok (Ceiba pentandra ), Entwistle and Corp 1997a), the favorite roost tree has been described as Erythrophloeum suaveolens (Robinson 2008). Use of traditional roost sites has been described, with some roosts having been reported as being used for over 50 years (Robinson et al.  2010). Roost sites were widely distributed throughout the island including on small offshore islands up to 5.9 km from Pemba's coast (Robinson et al.  2010). Seehausen (1990) concluded from interviews with inhabitants of Pemba that the species used to occur in the western parts of the island, which was once covered with rain forest, and not in the eastern, drier part. Dietary analysis showed that mango was the main component of the diet, but the the species also ate other cultivated and native fruits (including breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis ) and figs (Ficus spp.)), flowers and leaves (Entwistle and Corp 1997b).	Much of the natural forest habitat of this bat has been cleared or severely fragmented. The species has been hunted for food with the use of shotguns replacing traditional methods, resulting in an unsustainable use (Seehausen 1991, Entwistle and Corp 1997a). As of 2005, hunting had been reduced but not stopped on Pemba (Trewhella et al.  2005). In addition human disturbance at roost sites appears to have a significant impact on colony sizes (Robinson et al. 2010). A potential emerging threat may include increasing conflict with local fruit growers, given the species’ growing population and tendency to eat cultivated fruit (Robinson et al.  2010).	In the early 1990s there was evidence that the population of this species had been reduced to a few hundred animals (Seehausen 1991, Mickleburgh et al.   1991), with an estimate of 2,800 to 3,600 individuals in 1992, the majority being found at just two roost sites (Seehausen et al.   1992). In 1995 Entwistle and Corp (1997a) estimated a population of of 4,600 to 5,500 individuals, with 94% of bats found at 10 roosts (of 41 in total). Over the subsequent years surveys conducted by local teams on the island reported increasing population counts (Entwistle 2001, Trewhella et al.   2005, Carter 2005, Juma 2007). A full survey in 2008 provided a population estimate between 18,200 and 22,100 individuals (Robinson et al.   2010) distributed across 44 active roost sites, with up to 87% of the population found at just four roost sites. Roosts ranged from solitary individuals to colonies of up to 5,040 bats. An unpublished report indicates a more recent population count of over 28,700 in 2011, with evidence of year-on-year increases over the intervening period (DCCFF 2013).	Increasing	This species is endemic to the island of Pemba in Tanzania, where it occurs at elevations from sea level to 45 m asl.	For information on use and trade, see under Threats.	Terrestrial	Ongoing awareness raising on the importance and uniqueness of the endemic fruit bat, and the need for hunting controls and prevention of roost site disturbance, has been undertaken through environmental education programmes (Seehausen et al.  1992, Entwistle and Corp 1997a, Trewhella et al.  2005, Juma 2007). Communities are directly leading active conservation programmes for their local roosts, and three of the four largest roosts were associated with community protection schemes (Robinson et al. 2010).The local community has been supported to develop bat related ecotourism activities (Juma 2007). It is not known whether land use change (abandonment of clove plantations) may also have contributed to population recovery (Robinson et al. 2010). This species occurs in two sites which are formally gazetted - Ngezi-Vumawimbi Nature Forest Reserve and Msitu Kuu Forest (Pakenham 1984, Juma 2007). Illegal logging and the invasive umbrella tree (Maesopsis eminii ), that degrades the habitat of this bat, are being controlled within the Nature Forest Reserve (Juma 2007). This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		voeltzkowi	Matschie	1909	0	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 486	Pemba Flying Fox	None.	Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni.	Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	Appendix II	Vulnerable	 livingstonii species group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	Pteropus voeltzkowi	1004509	23	Pemba Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	voeltzkowi	Matschie	1909	0	Pteropus_(Spectrum)_voeltzkowi	Matschie, P. (1909). Eine Art der Gattung Pteropus von der Insel Pemba. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde Berlin, 1909, 486.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/39572#page/516/mode/1up	ZMB 88677		Fufuni, southern Pemba Island, Tanzania.			voeltzkowi Matschie, 1909	NA	NA				Tanzania	Africa	Afrotropic	VU	0	0	0	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	sciname match	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	1004509	23	Pemba Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	voeltzkowi	Matschie	0	Pteropus (Spectrum) voeltzkowi	Matschie, P. 1909. Eine Art der Gattung _Pteropus_ von der Insel Pemba. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1909:482-486.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10332953	ZMB (no number given)	holotype		Fufuni, southern Pemba Island, Tanzania.			NA	NA				Tanzania	Africa	Afrotropic	VU	0	0	0	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	sciname match	Pteropus_voeltzkowi	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		voeltzkowi	Matschie	1909	0	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 486	Pemba Flying Fox	None.	Tanzania, Pemba Isl, Fufuni.	Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18768/22089205/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	livingstoniispecies group; see Almedia et al. (2014). Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus voeltzkowi; Pteropus voeltzkowi; Pteropus voeltzkowi; Pteropus voeltzkowi; Pteropus voeltzkowi; Pteropus voeltzkowi; voeltzkowi; Roussette de Pemba; Pemba-Flughund; Zorro volador de Pemba; Pemba Flying Fox; Pemba Flying Fox; Pemba Flying Fox; P. voeltzkowi