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authorityParentheses originalNameCombination authoritySpeciesCitation authoritySpeciesLink typeVoucher typeKind typeVoucherURIs typeLocality typeLocalityLatitude typeLocalityLongitude taxonomyNotes taxonomyNotesCitation distributionNotes distributionNotesCitation subregionDistribution countryDistribution continentDistribution biogeographicRealm iucnStatus extinct domestic flagged CMW_sciName diffSinceCMW MSW3_matchtype MSW3_sciName diffSinceMSW3 docOrigin_batnames2025 Family Genus Subgenus Species Author Date Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses) Citation Pages Common Name Synonyms Type Locality Distribution CITES IUCN Comments column3781 column3791 subtribe CONCAT_ALTNAMES line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1319 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger N/A Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger [MSW2] See Bergmans (1990).; [MSW3] subniger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981).; [batnames2022] species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981).; [batnames2023] species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981).; [batnames2025_1.7] species group incertae sedis; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). collaris, ruber, rubidum, rubricollis, torquatus. collaris, fuscus, ruber, rubidum, rubricollis, torquatus, vulgaris subniger subniger - collaris, fuscus, ruber, rubidum, rubricollis, torquatus, vulgaris subniger, rubidum, fuscus, ruber, rubricollis, torquatus, collaris, vulgaris subniger subniger - collaris, fuscus, ruber, rubidum, rubricollis, torquatus, vulgaris subniger, rubidum, fuscus, ruber, rubricollis, torquatus, collaris, vulgaris subniger, rubidus, fuscus, ruber, rubricollis, torquatus, collaris subniger subniger - collaris, fuscus, ruber, rubidum, rubricollis, torquatus, vulgaris subniger (Kerr, 1792)|rubidus (Daudin, 1802)|fuscus A. G. Desmarest, 1803 [preoccupied]|ruber Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803|rubricollis Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810|torquatus G. Fischer, 1814|collaris Illiger, 1815 Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp. Reunion, Mauritius Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp. Pteropus subniger Mascarene Isis., Reunion Isl. (France). Kerr 1792 Anim. Kingdom, p. 91. Distribution: Confined to the Mascarene islands of Mauritius and Reunion, where apparently now extinct. Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5 Lesser Mascarene flying fox Reunion, Mauritius; extinct; ref. 4.17 Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. Kerr 1792 In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom, p. 91. See Bergmans (1990). Reunion and Mauritius Isis (Mascarene Isis). Mascarene Isis, Reunion Isl (France). KERR 1792 Tibia hairy dorsally. Ears very small und hidden in fur. Breadth of last molar less than one fourth that of palate between them, thus cheekteeth re duced in size. Size relatively small (forearm length, 95-113 mm). Distribution: Confined to the Mascarene islands of Mauritius and Reunion, where apparently now extinct. No subspecies. 22 species P. subniger KERR 1792 Pteropus genus Pteropus subniger Tibia hairy dorsally. Ears very small und hidden in fur. Breadth of last molar less than one fourth that of palate between them, thus cheekteeth re duced in size. Size relatively small (forearm length, 95-113 mm). No subspecies. 13. P. subniger (KERR 1792) [subniger group]. 13 NA Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu). CHIROPTERA Pteropodidae Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Kerr y 1792 In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom 1 91 Dark Flying Fox Mascarene Isls, Réunion Isl (France). Réunion and Mauritius Isls (Mascarene Isls). CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003 – Extinct. collaris Illiger, 1815; fuscus Desmarest, 1803 [not E. Geoffroy]; ruber E. Geoffroy, 1803; rubidum Daudin, 1802; rubricollis E. Geoffroy, 1810; torquatus G. Fischer, 1814; vulgaris Temminck, 1837. subniger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). N/A 1792 Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022. Pteropodidae Pteropus subniger Pteropus subniger Kerr 1792 1 In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom 0.1049 Dark Flying Fox collaris Illiger, 1815; fuscus Desmarest, 1803 [not E. Geoffroy]; ruber E. Geoffroy, 1803; rubidum Daudin, 1802; rubricollis E. Geoffroy, 1810; torquatus G. Fischer, 1814; vulgaris Temminck, 1837. Mascarene Isls, RÃ©union Isl (France). RÃ©union and Mauritius Isls (Mascarene Isls). Appendix II Extinct species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023 Pteropus subniger 23 Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox Dark Flying Fox Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA PTEROPODIDAE PTEROPODINAE PTEROPODINI Pteropus NA subniger Kerr 1792 1 Vesp[ertilio]._vampyrus_subniger Kerr, R. (1792). The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System, of the celebrated Sir Charles LinnÃ¦us; being a translation of that part of the Systema NaturÃ¦, as lately published, with great improvements, By Professor Gmelin of Goettingen. - Together with numerous additions from more recent zoological writers, and illustrated with copperplates. Class I. Mammalia. A. Strahan & T. Cadell, London and W. Creech, Edinburgh, 91. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119041#page/141/mode/1up NA RÃ©union I, Mascarene Is, France. subniger (Kerr, 1792)|rubidum (Daudin, 1802)|fuscus Desmarest, 1803|ruber Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803|rubricollis Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810|torquatus G. Fischer, 1814|collaris Illiger, 1815|vulgaris Temminck, 1837 NA NA Mauritius|Reunion Africa Afrotropic EX 1 0 0 Pteropus_subniger 0 sciname match Pteropus_subniger 0 IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022]. 18761 Pteropus subniger ANIMALIA CHORDATA MAMMALIA CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIDAE Pteropus subniger (Kerr, 1792) 20000000 Pteropus subniger Extinct 2020 2019-08-09 00:00:00 UTC 3.1 English Pteropus subniger is considered Extinct. The last authentic record of this species on Mauritius was in 1859, but it is believed to have died out between 1864 and 1873. On RÃ©union, no new records appeared after 1862 and it seems probable that it became extinct in the 1860s. It roosted in hollow trees and sometimes amongst rocks. Its very long and dense fur suggest that it may have had a preference for cool roosting places, such as the higher altitudes in RÃ©union, and its reported ability to exploit suitably rocky substrates indicate that it was not dependent on forest or even trees for roosting places (Bergmans 1990). Both deforestation and local hunting are thought to have contributed to the extinction of this species. It was thought to have lived in hollow trees. This species is now extinct. It is believed to have become extinct on Mauritius between 1864 and 1873. It is likely to have disappeared from RÃ©union in the 1860s. It may have lasted a little longer but is now certain to be extinct. In the 1730s it was common enough to consider for the bat oil trade. This species was previously known from Mauritius and RÃ©union. It was restricted to elevations of between 1,200 and 1,600 m asl. Terrestrial No longer applicable. This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Afrotropical 1859 FALSE FALSE Global Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 Pteropodidae Pteropus subniger Kerr 1792 1 In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom 0.104861 Dark Flying Fox collaris Illiger, 1815; fuscus Desmarest, 1803 [not E. Geoffroy]; ruber E. Geoffroy, 1803; rubidum Daudin, 1802; rubricollis E. Geoffroy, 1810; torquatus G. Fischer, 1814; vulgaris Temminck, 1837. Mascarene Isls, RÃ©union Isl (France). RÃ©union and Mauritius Isls (Mascarene Isls). Appendix II Extinct species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). Pteropus subniger 1004501 23 Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox Dark Flying Fox Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria CHIROPTERA PTEROPODIFORMES NA NA PTEROPODOIDEA Pteropodidae PTEROPODINAE PTEROPODINI Pteropus NA subniger Kerr 1792 1 Vesp[ertilio]._vampyrus_subniger Kerr, R. (1792). The Animal Kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; Class1. Mammalia: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the Mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young; being a translation of that part of the Systema Naturae, as lately published, with great improvements, by Professor Gmelin of Goettingen. Together with numerous additions from more recent zoological writers, and illustrated with copper plates. J. Murray & R. Faulder, London, 1, 91. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/119041#page/141/mode/1up NA RÃ©union I, Mascarene Is, France. subniger (Kerr, 1792)|rubidum (Daudin, 1802)|fuscus Desmarest, 1803|ruber Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803|rubricollis Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810|torquatus G. Fischer, 1814|collaris Illiger, 1815|vulgaris Temminck, 1837 NA NA Mauritius|Reunion Africa Afrotropic EX 1 0 0 Pteropus_subniger 0 sciname match Pteropus_subniger 0 Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393 Pteropus_subniger 1004501 23 Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox Dark Flying Fox Theria Placentalia Boreoeutheria Laurasiatheria Chiroptera Yinpterochiroptera NA NA Pteropodoidea Pteropodidae Pteropodinae Pteropodini Pteropus NA subniger Kerr 1 Vespertilio Vampyrus subniger Kerr, R. 1792. The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus. Class I. Mammalia. A. Strahan, T. Cadell, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, 462 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38664109 untraced (number not known) nonexistent RÃ©union I, Mascarene Is, France. NA NA Mauritius|RÃ©union Africa Afrotropic EX 1 0 0 Pteropus_subniger 0 sciname match Pteropus_subniger 0 Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586 Pteropodidae Pteropus subniger Kerr 1792 1 In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom 0.104861 Dark Flying Fox collaris Illiger, 1815; fuscus Desmarest, 1803 [not E. Geoffroy]; ruber E. Geoffroy, 1803; rubidum Daudin, 1802;rubricollis E. Geoffroy, 1810; torquatus G. Fischer, 1814; vulgaris Temminck, 1837. Mascarene Isls, RÃ©union Isl (France). RÃ©union and Mauritius Isls (Mascarene Isls). Appendix II Extinct species group incertae sedis; see Almeida et al. (2014) Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505 NA Pteropus subniger; Pteropus subniger; Pteropus subniger; Pteropus subniger; Pteropus subniger; collaris; fuscus; ruber; rubidum; rubricollis; torquatus; vulgaris; collaris; fuscus; ruber; rubidum; rubricollis; torquatus; vulgaris; subniger; rubidum; fuscus; ruber; rubricollis; torquatus; collaris; vulgaris; Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox; Dark Flying Fox; Dark Flying Fox; Dark Flying Fox; P. subniger