http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1307	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus pumilus		[MSW2] Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).; [MSW3] subniger species group. Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).; [HMW] Pteropus pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911 , “Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao,” Indonesia . Pteropus pumilus is in the vampyrus species group, and it includes balutus and tablas:. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).; [IUCN] Research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the population on Miangas Island, and also on the possible population of this species on Tawi-Tawi; both of these islands are distant from the main range of the species.; [batnames2023]  vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).; [batnames2025_1.7] vampyrusspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).					(balutus) (tablasi)	balutus, tablasi.			balutus, tablasi			pumilus 	pumilus - balutus, tablasi	pumilus, balutus, tablasi	Research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the population on Miangas Island, and also on the possible population of this species on Tawi-Tawi; both of these islands are distant from the main range of the species.	pumilus 	pumilus - balutus, tablasi	pumilus, balutus, tablasi 	pumilus, balutus, tablasi 	pumilus 	pumilus - balutus, tablasi	pumilus G. S. Miller, 1910|balutus Hollister, 1913|tablasi E. H. Taylor, 1934		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Palmas I, S Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus pumilus	Indonesia, Miangas Isl.	Miller	1911	Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 38:394.	Distribution: Confined to the Phi lippines, but not known from Luzon or the Palawan group.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Philippines; ref. 4.18	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Miller	1911	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 38:394.	Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).	Philippines.	Indonesia, Miangas Isl between Talaud Isis and Mindanao.		MILLER	1910	Smaller than P. mearnsi (forearm length, 98-118 mm; condylobasal length of skull, 48-52 mm).	Distribution: Confined to the Phi lippines, but not known from Luzon or the Palawan group.	No subspecies (see KLINGENER & CREIGHTON 1984).		22	species	P. pumilus	MILLER	1910	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus pumilus				Smaller than P. mearnsi (forearm length, 98-118 mm; condylobasal length of skull, 48-52 mm).	No subspecies (see KLINGENER & CREIGHTON 1984).		3. P. pumilus MILLER 1910 ( = balutus HOLLISTER 1913; tablasi TAYLOR 1934) [subniger group].	3	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus		pumilus	Miller		1911		Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.	38		394		Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox	Indonesia, Miangas Isl (= Palmas Isl) between Talaud Isls and Mindanao.	Philippines (except Palawan region), Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Vulnerable. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.	balutus Hollister, 1913; tablasi Taylor, 1934.	subniger species group. Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).	03AD87FAFF99F6748C663EA6FE02F55E	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	156	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFA6F6498CB73D9CFC49F9BB.xml	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	pumilus	G. S. Miller	1910	Roussette naine @fr | Goldmantel-Flughund @de | Zorro volador dorado @es	Pteropus pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911 , “Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao,” Indonesia . Pteropus pumilus is in the vampyrus species group, and it includes balutus and tablas:. Monotypic.	C & S Philippines , including Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, and Masbate Is, most Visayas Is, Camiguin , NW Mindanao, Balut Is, and Miangas (Palmas) I.	Head-body 155-180 mm (tailless), ear 20-28 mm , hindfoot 35 mm , forearm 94-113 mm ; weight 145- 200 g . Muzzle of the Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is moderately short, sparsely haired, and pinkish, with contrasting dark gray nostrils. Eyes are large, with chestnutbrownirises. Ears are small, pointed, and brown. Some individuals are almost entirely honey-brown in one extreme, and others are pale yellow; commonly, head and body pelage are highly variable from yellowish gray to honey-brown. Head pelage issilvery gray and silky around eyes and cheeks, grading to pale yellowish gray in cap, sometimes with wash of brown or turning almost white. Mantle is honey-brown, back and rump are golden to pale brown, chest and belly are honey-brown, and pelage is generally soft, woolly, and silvery. Wing membranes are brown, inserted on second toe; index claw is present; dorsal surface of forearm has whitish hairs; and tibia is naked. Uropatagium and calcar are small. Skull is typical pteropine but relatively small and gracile. Laterally, rostrum is low, thin, and moderately short; zygoma is thin; and braincase is strongly deflected downward. Dorsally, rostrum is short and conical, nasals are very narrow, interorbital space has prominent frontal recesses, postorbital constriction is poorly defined, temporal lines are parallel and do not form true sagittal crest, and nuchal crest is inconspicuous. Ventrally, palate is relatively wide, flat, and long; tooth rows diverge very slightly posteriorly; post-dental palate is short, wide, and concave at end; and ectopterygoids are thin. Mandible has long sloping symphysis and moderately thin body; coronoid is large and raised almost vertically, with wide rounded tip; and angle is round and inconspicuous. Upper incisors are separated, with flat cutting edges; C' is moderately short and grooved, with lingual cingulum; P' is a spicule, shed in most adults; posterior cheekteeth are relatively low, with rectangular occlusal outline and well-defined cusps; and M? is small. I is separate and smaller than I; C, is small and slanted laterally; P, is low and peg-like; cheekteeth are relatively tall anteriorly, with rectangular occlusal outline; and M,is small. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72.	[Lowland rainforests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1250 m .	The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is predominantly frugivorous. On Panay,it ate fruit from at least 28 plant genera. Flowers visited include species of Erythrina ( Fabaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ).	The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is seasonally monoestrous and polygynous, breeding once a year. Mating is not aggressive. Litter size is one. Females care for young for c.11 months. Maturity is reached at 11-12 months of age. Maximum longevity in captivity was 17 years.	The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is nocturnal.	The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is solitary or lives in small, sexually segregated groups with little social interactions. Individuals will come together in small numbers in fruiting trees.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Deforestation and overhunting have caused declines in populations of Little Golden-mantled Flying Foxes. It occurs in protected areas. Captive management and breeding colonies have been established in- and ex-situ.	Almeida et al. (2014) | Andersen (1912b) | Heaney, Balete et al. (1998) | Heaney, Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008) | Luft (2002) | Reeder et al. (2006) | Rickart et al. (1999) | Simmons (2005)		178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox Pteropus pumilus French: Roussette naine / German: Goldmantel-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador dorado Taxonomy. Pteropus pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911 , “Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao,” Indonesia . Pteropus pumilus is in the vampyrus species group, and it includes balutus and tablas:. Monotypic. Distribution. C & S Philippines , including Mindoro, Tablas, Sibuyan, and Masbate Is, most Visayas Is, Camiguin , NW Mindanao, Balut Is, and Miangas (Palmas) I. Descriptive notes. Head-body 155-180 mm (tailless), ear 20-28 mm , hindfoot 35 mm , forearm 94-113 mm ; weight 145- 200 g . Muzzle of the Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is moderately short, sparsely haired, and pinkish, with contrasting dark gray nostrils. Eyes are large, with chestnutbrownirises. Ears are small, pointed, and brown. Some individuals are almost entirely honey-brown in one extreme, and others are pale yellow; commonly, head and body pelage are highly variable from yellowish gray to honey-brown. Head pelage issilvery gray and silky around eyes and cheeks, grading to pale yellowish gray in cap, sometimes with wash of brown or turning almost white. Mantle is honey-brown, back and rump are golden to pale brown, chest and belly are honey-brown, and pelage is generally soft, woolly, and silvery. Wing membranes are brown, inserted on second toe; index claw is present; dorsal surface of forearm has whitish hairs; and tibia is naked. Uropatagium and calcar are small. Skull is typical pteropine but relatively small and gracile. Laterally, rostrum is low, thin, and moderately short; zygoma is thin; and braincase is strongly deflected downward. Dorsally, rostrum is short and conical, nasals are very narrow, interorbital space has prominent frontal recesses, postorbital constriction is poorly defined, temporal lines are parallel and do not form true sagittal crest, and nuchal crest is inconspicuous. Ventrally, palate is relatively wide, flat, and long; tooth rows diverge very slightly posteriorly; post-dental palate is short, wide, and concave at end; and ectopterygoids are thin. Mandible has long sloping symphysis and moderately thin body; coronoid is large and raised almost vertically, with wide rounded tip; and angle is round and inconspicuous. Upper incisors are separated, with flat cutting edges; C' is moderately short and grooved, with lingual cingulum; P' is a spicule, shed in most adults; posterior cheekteeth are relatively low, with rectangular occlusal outline and well-defined cusps; and M? is small. I is separate and smaller than I; C, is small and slanted laterally; P, is low and peg-like; cheekteeth are relatively tall anteriorly, with rectangular occlusal outline; and M,is small. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72. Habitat. [Lowland rainforests from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1250 m . Food and Feeding. The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is predominantly frugivorous. On Panay,it ate fruit from at least 28 plant genera. Flowers visited include species of Erythrina ( Fabaceae ) and Barringtonia ( Lecythidaceae ). Breeding. The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is seasonally monoestrous and polygynous, breeding once a year. Mating is not aggressive. Litter size is one. Females care for young for c.11 months. Maturity is reached at 11-12 months of age. Maximum longevity in captivity was 17 years. Activity patterns. The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox is solitary or lives in small, sexually segregated groups with little social interactions. Individuals will come together in small numbers in fruiting trees. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Deforestation and overhunting have caused declines in populations of Little Golden-mantled Flying Foxes. It occurs in protected areas. Captive management and breeding colonies have been established in- and ex-situ. Bibliography. Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Rosell-Ambal et al. (2008), Luft (2002), Reeder et al. (2006), Rickart et al. (1999), Simmons (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus pumilus	Pteropus		pumilus	Miller	1911	0	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.	44:34:00	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox	 balutus Hollister, 1913; tablasi Taylor, 1934.	Indonesia, Miangas Isl (= Palmas Isl) between Talaud Isls and Mindanao.	Philippines (except Palawan region), Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Near Threatened	 vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus pumilus	23	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	pumilus	G. S. Miller	1911	0	Pteropus_pumilus	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1910). Descriptions of Two New Genera and Sixteen New Species of Mammals from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38, 394.	https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/14192/USNMP-38_1757_1910.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	USNM 144758		"Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao," Indonesia.			pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911|balutus Hollister, 1913|tablasi E. H. Taylor, 1934	NA	NA	Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Pteropus_pumilus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pumilus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18753	Pteropus pumilus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	pumilus	Miller, 1910	Research is needed to determine the taxonomic status of the population on Miangas Island, and also on the possible population of this species on Tawi-Tawi; both of these islands are distant from the main range of the species.	20000000	Pteropus pumilus	Near Threatened	A4cd	2020	2019-04-23 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Pteropus pumilus is listed as Near Threatened because its population has undergone an estimated 25% reduction over the last 16.2 years (two generations; generation length = 8.1 years, Pacifici et al. 2013) and this decline is predicted to continue at a similar rate for at least another 8.1 years (one generation) due to over-hunting and forest loss and degradation. This rate of loss makes it close to qualifying as Vulnerable under criterion A4cd.	Pteropus pumilus is associated with primary and well-developed secondary lowland forest (Heaney et al. 1998) and is uncommon outside of forest although on Cebu a roosting site has been recorded from a scrubland area. This species breeds once annually (A. Cariño pers. comm. 2006).	Pteropus pumilus is declining due to forest loss and degradation, and it is expected to continue to decline, although it does remain fairly widespread. An ethnobiological study has shown the species to be under heavy hunting pressure on Mindoro (H. Garcia pers. comm. 2006) and it is subject to hunting on Negros (Cariño et al. 2006). It is anticipated that hunting will cause further population declines. It might also be subject to persecution.	The global population is declining due to over hunting and forest loss and degradation. This flying fox is most common on small islands and is generally uncommon to rare on larger islands (Heaney 1984, Heaney et al. 1998, Heideman and Heaney 1989, Lepiten 1995, Rickart et al. 1993, Utzurrum 1992), its roosts are usually inconspicuous (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2007). It is considered abundant on Camigium and moderately common on Negros (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). A single individual was netted during 144 hrs of mist netting in Salagdoong during a 2001 study of three Department of Environment and Natural Resources managed reforestation sites on Siquijor Island (Godfrey et al. unpublished paper). During a study of 12 sites over a period spanning 1999 to 2003, 12 individuals were captured at six sites (Cariño 2004).  Further, nine individuals were mist-netted during 143 net-nights in Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park (Lisa Paguntalan Pers comm 2018), one individual in 148 net-nights in Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park in 2015, two individuals in 40 net nights in Ilin Island, Mindoro in 2013, and 56 individuals in 144 net-nights in Sipalay and Cauayan in badly degraded forest patches in Southern Negros in 2013.	Decreasing	The Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox occurs in the Philippines and Miangas (Palmas) Island in Indonesia (between the Talaud Islands and Mindanao). In the Philippines it is widespread excluding the Batanes/Babuyan, Luzon and Palawan faunal regions with records from Balut, Camiguin, Leyte, Maripipi, Masbate, Mindanao (Zamboanga del Sur), Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, Siquijor, and Tablas where it occurs at an elevation range from sea level to 1,110 m and rarely to 1,250 m (Heaney et al. 1998). There are unverified Philippine records from Cebu and Camotes (L. Paguntalan pers. comm. 2006) and Tawi-Tawi (S. Ramalya pers. comm. 2006).	It is heavily hunted on Mindoro, and is hunted on Negros and possibly elsewhere in the Philippines.	Terrestrial	Pteropus pumilis occurs in a number of protected areas. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Habitat conservation and control of over-harvesting are important conservation priorities.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		pumilus	Miller	1911	0	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.	44:34:00	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox	 balutus Hollister, 1913; tablasi Taylor, 1934.	Indonesia, Miangas Isl (= Palmas Isl) between Talaud Isls and Mindanao.	Philippines (except Palawan region), Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Near Threatened	 vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).	Pteropus pumilus	1004492	23	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	pumilus	G. S. Miller	1911	0	Pteropus_pumilus	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1910). Descriptions of Two New Genera and Sixteen New Species of Mammals from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 38, 394.	https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/14192/USNMP-38_1757_1910.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y	USNM 144758		"Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao," Indonesia.			pumilus G. S. Miller, 1911|balutus Hollister, 1913|tablasi E. H. Taylor, 1934	NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Pteropus_pumilus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pumilus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_pumilus	1004492	23	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	pumilus	G. S. Miller	0	Pteropus pumilus	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1910-08-19. Descriptions of two new genera and sixteen new species of mammals from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 38(1757):391-404.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7616056	USNM:MAMM:144758	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3a4f7b238-f2a9-4e5c-92dd-643e3e48a687	"Palmas Island [= Miangas Island], southeast of Mindanao," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	NT	0	0	0	Pteropus_pumilus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pumilus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		pumilus	Miller	1911	0	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.	44:34:00	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox	balutus Hollister, 1913; tablasi Taylor, 1934.	Indonesia, Miangas Isl (= Palmas Isl) between Talaud Isls and Mindanao.	Philippines (except Palawan region), Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18753/22086307/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened</a>	vampyrusspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus pumilus; Pteropus pumilus; Pteropus pumilus; Pteropus pumilus; Pteropus pumilus; Pteropus pumilus; balutus; tablasi; balutus; tablasi; pumilus; balutus; tablasi; Roussette naine; Goldmantel-Flughund; Zorro volador dorado; Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox; Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox; Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox; P. pumilus