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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1306	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus pselaphon		[MSW3] pselaphon species group. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [HMW] Pteropus pselaphon Lay, 1829 , “Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands],” Japan . This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022]  vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [batnames2023]  vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).; [batnames2025_1.7] vampyrusspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).		(S of Japan)				ursinus.			ursinus			pselaphon 	pselaphon - ursinus	pselaphon, ursinus		pselaphon 	pselaphon - ursinus	pselaphon, ursinus 	pselaphon, ursinus 	pselaphon 	pselaphon - ursinus	pselaphon G. T. Lay, 1829|ursinus von Kittlitz, 1836 [nomen nudum]|ursinus Temminck, 1837 [nomen novum]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Bonin Is, Volcano Is,	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus pselaphon	Japan, Bonin Isis.	Lay	1829	Zool. J., 4:457.	Distribu tion: Confined to the Bonin and Volcano islands.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	(S of Japan)	Bonin Is; Volcano Is,	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Lay	1829	Zool. J., 4:457.		Bonin and Volcano Isis (Japan).	Japan, Bonin Isis.		LAY	1829	Tibia and foot hairy dorsally. Upper molariform teeth not shortened. Upper canine without sec ondary cusp. Rostrum unusually broad. Large for group (forearm length, 123-141 mm).	Distribu tion: Confined to the Bonin and Volcano islands.	No subspecies.		24	species	P. pselaphon	LAY	1829	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus pselaphon				Tibia and foot hairy dorsally. Upper molariform teeth not shortened. Upper canine without sec ondary cusp. Rostrum unusually broad. Large for group (forearm length, 123-141 mm).	No subspecies.		36. P. pselaphon LAY 1829 pselaphon group].	36	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus		pselaphon	Lay		1829		Zool. J.	4		457		Bonin Flying Fox	Japan, Bonin Isls.	Bonin and Volcano Isls (Japan).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Critically Endangered.	ursinus Temminck (ex Kittlitz), 1837.	pselaphon species group. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	03AD87FAFFA6F6498CB73D9CFC49F9BB	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	156	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFA6F64889B43C89F729F6A7.xml	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	pselaphon	Lay	1829	Roussette des Bonin @fr | Bonin-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Bonin @es	Pteropus pselaphon Lay, 1829 , “Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands],” Japan . This species is monotypic.	Ogasawara (Bonin) Is (Chichijima and Hahajima) and Iwo Is (Kita-Iwoto, Iwoto, and Minami-Iwoto) of SJapan. Sightings, GPS recordings, or traces of foraging are reported for Mukojima, Nishijima, Anijima, Ototojima, and Higashijima Is.	Tailless, ear 23-29 mm , hindfoot 42-50 mm , forearm 131-145 mm ; weight 353-616 g . Muzzle of the Bonin Flying Fox is short, tapering, and sparsely haired, with black shortly tubular nostrils. Eyes are moderately sized, with brown to chestnut-brown or reddish brown irises. Ears are short, concealed in fur, roughly triangular, semicircular, and hairy at bases, with rounded tips. Head and body pelage is uniformly seal-brown to blackish brown, very long, dense and coarse, and erect on head, collar, and mantle, spreading or loosely adpressed on back and rump; everywhere underfur is mixed with longer hairs, densely sprinkled with glossy grayish white, silvery, or golden hairs, more so on sides of head, chest, and rump. Forearm, tibia, and foot are thickly furred dorsally. Wing membranes are jet-black. Uropatagium is reduced at center and laterally concealed in long overhanging hairs; calcar is short. Skull is typical pteropine, generally stout, with marked basicranial deflection; forehead is strongly sloping; and zygoma is strongly arched. Dorsally, rostrum is wide, interorbital space is narrow, postorbital foramina are present, postorbital process is strong with thick root and tip projected laterally, postorbital constriction is very narrow, temporal lines are joined immediately behind orbits in obvious but low sagittal crest, and nuchal crest is sharp. Ventrally, palate is flat and long, premaxillae project; tooth rows are almost parallel, post-dental extension is wide, palate is concave, ectopterygoids are large, and zygoma is widely open. Mandible is stout and thick, coronoid steeply ascends, condyle is well above lower alveolar line, and angle is round. Palatal ridges 5 + 5 + 3. Dentition is heavy; upper incisors are large, with strong lingual cingulum; C' is short and recurved, with broad cingulum and tubercles; P!' is rudimentary (lost in old adults); posterior cheekteeth have strong posterior basal ledge, marked by notch; and M? is small but with traces of cusps. I is smaller than I; C, has marked cingulum; P|is comparatively large, with low triangular crown well differentiated; posterior cheekteeth are strong, with rectangular occlusal outline and strong posterobasal ledge marked by notch, and M,is very small and displaced lingually. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72.	Subtropical moist forests.	The Bonin Flying Fox feeds on a variety of plants as a sequential specialist. Thirty-one species offruit, including native and cultivated species, are used with strong preference for the native endemic Pandanus boninensis ( Pandanaceae ). Flower products of 17 plant species including Freycinetia ( Pandanaceae ), Pandanus , and Syzygium ( Myrtaceae ), and leaves, such as fronds of the bird-nest fern ( Asplenium setoi, Aspleniaceae ), are also eaten. It disperses seeds, pollen, and spores of native and exotic species. Cultivated fruit is taken from orchards. It reportedly feeds on the ground and drinks from streams.	Mating system of the Bonin Flying Fox appears to be female-defense polygyny. Mating occurs in winter roosts in December—April; females give birth mainly in June. Littersize is one. Sex ratio is 1:1. Longevity is unknown in the wild; greatest life span in captivity was 18-6 years. Non-reproductive sexual activity includes erect penis licking between males in winter roosts.	The Bonin Flying Fox is nocturnal, but diurnal activity occurs on uninhabited islands (Minawi-iwo-to). It roosts in trees.	On Chichijima Island, Bonin Flying Foxes disperse on the island in summer when individuals roosted alone or in female— young pairs. In winter, they concentrate in traditional roosting areas with up to 100 individuals. Three types of winter roosts were recognized: multiple females with a few males, multiple males, and subadults of both sexes. In all winter roosts, individuals formed ball-shaped clusters of 6-20 individuals to conserve heat. Average home range is ¢. 9 km ? (range 1-3-20- 6 km ?*). GPS-collared individuals on Chichijima Island were active on neighboring Ani and Ototo islands.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Classification of the Bonin Flying Fox will likely be upgraded to Critically Endangered soon, especially because the population of Hahajima Island might become extinct. Total population is 300-400 individuals, with only ¢.200-250 mature individuals fragmented atfive island locations and total extent of occurrence of only ¢. 60 km ?*. Genetic data indicate that the population is fragmented on islands without recent gene flow, but genetic variation is distributed across islands so the entire population is a single management unit. It was hunted for food in the past, but this practice has ceased. Main threats are disturbance at roosting site, deforestation, and conflict with fruit growers, but fruit damage appears negligible. Accidental killing is frequent in nets set by farmers. Feral cats and dogs prey on Bonin Flying Foxes. The Bonin Flying Fox has been a Natural Monument ofJapan since 1969. Ogasawara Islands have been a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site since 2011. Kita-Iwo-to and Minami-Iwo-to are also protected but uninhabited. It occurs in a National Wildlife Protection Area established in 1980. A conservation plan for its survival was established in 2010 by the Ministry of Environment, but conservation efforts appear limited to Chichijima Island.	Abe et al. (1994) | Almeida et al. (2014) | Andersen (1912b) | Inaba et al. (2005) | Kinjo & |zawa (2009) | Nakamura et al. (2008) | Okada et al. (2014) | Ota (1992) | Sugita (2016) | Sugita & Ueda (2013) | Sugita, Inaba & Ueda (2009) | Sugita, Ootsuki et al. (2013) | Vincenot (2017b)		177. Bonin Flying Fox Pteropus pselaphon French: Roussette des Bonin / German: Bonin-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Bonin Taxonomy. Pteropus pselaphon Lay, 1829 , “Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands],” Japan . This species is monotypic. Distribution. Ogasawara (Bonin) Is (Chichijima and Hahajima) and Iwo Is (Kita-Iwoto, Iwoto, and Minami-Iwoto) of SJapan. Sightings, GPS recordings, or traces of foraging are reported for Mukojima, Nishijima, Anijima, Ototojima, and Higashijima Is. Descriptive notes. Tailless, ear 23-29 mm , hindfoot 42-50 mm , forearm 131-145 mm ; weight 353-616 g . Muzzle of the Bonin Flying Fox is short, tapering, and sparsely haired, with black shortly tubular nostrils. Eyes are moderately sized, with brown to chestnut-brown or reddish brown irises. Ears are short, concealed in fur, roughly triangular, semicircular, and hairy at bases, with rounded tips. Head and body pelage is uniformly seal-brown to blackish brown, very long, dense and coarse, and erect on head, collar, and mantle, spreading or loosely adpressed on back and rump; everywhere underfur is mixed with longer hairs, densely sprinkled with glossy grayish white, silvery, or golden hairs, more so on sides of head, chest, and rump. Forearm, tibia, and foot are thickly furred dorsally. Wing membranes are jet-black. Uropatagium is reduced at center and laterally concealed in long overhanging hairs; calcar is short. Skull is typical pteropine, generally stout, with marked basicranial deflection; forehead is strongly sloping; and zygoma is strongly arched. Dorsally, rostrum is wide, interorbital space is narrow, postorbital foramina are present, postorbital process is strong with thick root and tip projected laterally, postorbital constriction is very narrow, temporal lines are joined immediately behind orbits in obvious but low sagittal crest, and nuchal crest is sharp. Ventrally, palate is flat and long, premaxillae project; tooth rows are almost parallel, post-dental extension is wide, palate is concave, ectopterygoids are large, and zygoma is widely open. Mandible is stout and thick, coronoid steeply ascends, condyle is well above lower alveolar line, and angle is round. Palatal ridges 5 + 5 + 3. Dentition is heavy; upper incisors are large, with strong lingual cingulum; C' is short and recurved, with broad cingulum and tubercles; P!' is rudimentary (lost in old adults); posterior cheekteeth have strong posterior basal ledge, marked by notch; and M? is small but with traces of cusps. I is smaller than I; C, has marked cingulum; P|is comparatively large, with low triangular crown well differentiated; posterior cheekteeth are strong, with rectangular occlusal outline and strong posterobasal ledge marked by notch, and M,is very small and displaced lingually. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72. Habitat. Subtropical moist forests. Food and Feeding. The Bonin Flying Fox feeds on a variety of plants as a sequential specialist. Thirty-one species offruit, including native and cultivated species, are used with strong preference for the native endemic Pandanus boninensis ( Pandanaceae ). Flower products of 17 plant species including Freycinetia ( Pandanaceae ), Pandanus , and Syzygium ( Myrtaceae ), and leaves, such as fronds of the bird-nest fern ( Asplenium setoi, Aspleniaceae ), are also eaten. It disperses seeds, pollen, and spores of native and exotic species. Cultivated fruit is taken from orchards. It reportedly feeds on the ground and drinks from streams. Breeding. Mating system of the Bonin Flying Fox appears to be female-defense polygyny. Mating occurs in winter roosts in December—April; females give birth mainly in June. Littersize is one. Sex ratio is 1:1. Longevity is unknown in the wild; greatest life span in captivity was 18-6 years. Non-reproductive sexual activity includes erect penis licking between males in winter roosts. Activity patterns. The Bonin Flying Fox is nocturnal, but diurnal activity occurs on uninhabited islands (Minawi-iwo-to). It roosts in trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. On Chichijima Island, Bonin Flying Foxes disperse on the island in summer when individuals roosted alone or in female— young pairs. In winter, they concentrate in traditional roosting areas with up to 100 individuals. Three types of winter roosts were recognized: multiple females with a few males, multiple males, and subadults of both sexes. In all winter roosts, individuals formed ball-shaped clusters of 6-20 individuals to conserve heat. Average home range is ¢. 9 km ? (range 1-3-20- 6 km ?*). GPS-collared individuals on Chichijima Island were active on neighboring Ani and Ototo islands. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Classification of the Bonin Flying Fox will likely be upgraded to Critically Endangered soon, especially because the population of Hahajima Island might become extinct. Total population is 300-400 individuals, with only ¢.200-250 mature individuals fragmented atfive island locations and total extent of occurrence of only ¢. 60 km ?*. Genetic data indicate that the population is fragmented on islands without recent gene flow, but genetic variation is distributed across islands so the entire population is a single management unit. It was hunted for food in the past, but this practice has ceased. Main threats are disturbance at roosting site, deforestation, and conflict with fruit growers, but fruit damage appears negligible. Accidental killing is frequent in nets set by farmers. Feral cats and dogs prey on Bonin Flying Foxes. The Bonin Flying Fox has been a Natural Monument ofJapan since 1969. Ogasawara Islands have been a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site since 2011. Kita-Iwo-to and Minami-Iwo-to are also protected but uninhabited. It occurs in a National Wildlife Protection Area established in 1980. A conservation plan for its survival was established in 2010 by the Ministry of Environment, but conservation efforts appear limited to Chichijima Island. Bibliography. Abe et al. (1994), Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Inaba et al. (2005), Kinjo & |zawa (2009), Nakamura et al. (2008), Okada et al. (2014), Ota (1992), Sugita (2016), Sugita & Ueda (2013), Sugita, Inaba & Ueda (2009), Sugita, Ootsuki et al. (2013), Vincenot (2017b).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus pselaphon	Pteropus		pselaphon	Lay	1829	0	Zool. J.	0.484	Bonin Flying Fox	 ursinus Temminck ( ex Kittlitz), 1837.	Japan, Bonin Isls.	Bonin and Volcano Isls (Japan).	Appendix II	Endangered	 vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus pselaphon	23	Bonin Flying Fox	Bonin Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	pselaphon	G. T. Lay	1829	0						"Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands]," Japan.			pselaphon G. T. Lay, 1829|ursinus Temminck, 1837	NA	NA	Japan	Asia	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18752	Pteropus pselaphon	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	pselaphon	Lay, 1829		20000000	Pteropus pselaphon	Endangered	B2ab(ii,iii,iv); D	2017	2017-02-13 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Endangered because it is known from 3-5 locations on the islands of Chichi, Haha, Kita-Iwo, Iwo, and Minami-Iwo in the Ogasawara/Bonin archipelago and its area of occupancy (AOO) is limited (ca 60 km²). Under anthropogenic pressure (i.e., reduction in extent and quality of habitat and direct conflicts with agriculture), the size of the subpopulation on Haha island is assumed to have strongly declined and may disappear in the near future, thereby further reducing the number of locations. The local population on Iwo island, which is military territory, is also very fragile due to limited size and habitat availability. Additionally, the population size of P. pselaphon is thought to number in total 300 to 400 individuals at most. A precautionary estimate of the number of mature individuals thus falls below the threshold of 250 individuals. Concurrently with the inscription of Ogasawara islands on UNESCO’s World Heritage List, a conservation plan for P. pselaphon has been devised. The situation of this species is nonetheless still very fragile and its recovery strongly depends on the effective implementation of planned conservation measures, on the continuation of current conservation efforts on Chichi-jima, and on their extension to the other islands. Under the pressure of local communities of farmers, early signs of disengagement have transpired and should be followed carefully. If conservation actions were practically hindered or diminished, a reassessment should be undertaken promptly. The latter could rely on criteria A3cd or C1 for a Critically Endangered assessment, which would be readily met for subpopulations projected to face such circumstances.	Pteropus pselaphon is found mainly in forests. This species is mostly nocturnal, yet diurnal activity has been reported on uninhabited islands. It forms colonies of up to several dozens of individuals that return to the colonial roost to sleep during the day. When resting, individuals often gather on branches and form ball-shaped clusters of ~6-20 individuals. These clusters improve thermoregulation and incidentally impact the mating system, which has been described as female-defence polygyny (Sugita and Ueda 2013). Pteropus pselaphon is a dietary generalist (or more precisely a sequential specialist), switching food source at the individual level depending on availability. Fruits of the endemic Takonoki tree (Pandanus boninensis ) are particularly favoured by this flying fox, which also regularly feeds on a variety of leaves and nectar. It is also known to feed on fallen fruits on the ground and to drink from streams. On inhabited islands, orchards are also targeted, resulting in this species being seen as a pest by some farmers (Vincenot, unpub. data). The limited extent of damages, however, does not support this characterization.	On Chichi-jima and Haha-jima, disturbance at roost sites and deforestation have reportedly impacted this species, although the extent of the latter has possibly reduced with the islands’ listing as UNESCO Natural World Heritage. Of greater concern are accidental mortality in nets placed around fruiting trees in orchards and potential isolated retaliations by farmers facing crop damages. Important efforts have been made by authorities to equip farmers with nets, but the situation is not yet entirely satisfactory with respect to equipment and coverage. Feral cats and dogs also represent known predators, while competition with rats may also be an issue. The lack of fear exhibited by this flying fox towards humans as well as its peculiar habit to sometimes feed and drink on the ground may be aggravating factors. Strong typhoons occasionally sweep the region and, based on observations on flying foxes elsewhere, may be detrimental to the viability of such small populations. The impact of military activities by the Japanese army on Iwo-jima is left to be determined. This bat was hunted and exported to an unknown extent during the 20th century, but this practice has ceased.	The species was considered locally extinct on Chichi-jima in the 1970s, but it was rediscovered in 1986. The local population, which is assumed to be the largest of all and has experienced a strong decline, now numbers 100-150 individuals and has been slowly growing in recent years. On the other hand, the situation on Haha-jima—the second largest island—has not been precisely assessed. Several hundred individuals lived on the island in the 1970s (Ministry of Environment 2010), but a report from 1999 indicated that only three individuals could be found (Ministry of Environment 2012). A local extinction is thus imminent. Population estimates for Kita-iwo-jima, Minami-iwo-jima, and Iwo-jima are not available. Kita-iwo-jima and was assumed to host 25 to 50 individuals based on a short survey done in 2001, whereas brief observations on Minami-iwo-jima in 1982 and 2006 suggested that around 100 flying foxes might live on this island. These two islands are uninhabited. Only very few P. pselaphon individuals allegedly inhabit Iwo-jima, the access to which is restricted to military personnel only.	Stable	This species is known only from the Bonin Islands in Japan, which are located on the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc, about 1,000 km south of Tokyo and halfway to the Mariana Islands. It has been observed in the Ogasawara archipelago (Chichi-jima and Haha-jima) and in the Volcano archipelago (Kita-Iwo-jima, Iwo-jima, and Minami-Iwo-jima) (Abe et al.  2005). It was also once observed flying on Muko-jima (Harata 2010) and traces of foraging were found on other islands of the chain (Nishi-jima, Ani-jima, Ototo-jima, and Higashi-jima), but no local population has been reported at these locations.	Hunting of this species for use and export occurred in the past (20th century) but has now stopped.	Terrestrial	This species was designated as a Natural Monument in 1969 under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and as National Endangered Species” in 2009, whereby capture and disturbance without permission are prohibited. A National Wildlife Protection Area that includes the species' habitat was established in 1980. This species is categorized as Endangered (EN) on the Tokyo Red List (Tokyo Metropolitan Government 2014) as well as on the national Japanese Red List (Ministry of Environment 2012). A conservation plan has been officially devised by the Ministry of Environment (2010), yet remains poorly implemented. At the international level, P. pselaphon is listed on the Appendix II of CITES, and the Ogasawara Islands, to which this species is endemic, have been a UNESCO Natural World Heritage since 2011. The remote islands of Kita-Iwo-jima and Minami-Iwo-jima are protected and uninhabited. Iwo-jima hosts a military base and is not accessible to civilians, which significantly hinders research and conservation. There is an alarming lack of rigorous scientific research on P. pselaphon to support conservation policies. Moreover, monitoring of the subpopulations, which is of paramount importance, is not carried out in a regular and transparent manner and results are not disclosed publicly. Furthermore, conservation efforts on other islands than Chichi-jima (especially on Haha-jima) remain inexistent.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		pselaphon	Lay	1829	0	Zool. J.	0.484028	Bonin Flying Fox	 ursinus Temminck ( ex Kittlitz), 1837.	Japan, Bonin Isls.	Bonin and Volcano Isls (Japan).	Appendix II	Endangered	 vampyrus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Pteropus pselaphon	1004491	23	Bonin Flying Fox	Bonin Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	pselaphon	G. T. Lay	1829	0						"Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands]," Japan.			pselaphon G. T. Lay, 1829|ursinus Temminck, 1837	NA	NA				Japan	Asia	Australasia/Oceania	EN	0	0	0	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_pselaphon	1004491	23	Bonin Flying Fox	Bonin Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	pselaphon	G. T. Lay	0	Pteropus pselaphon	Lay, G.T. 1829-05. Observations on a species of _Pteropus_ from Bonin. Zoological Journal 4(16):457-459.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2310897	BMNH:Mamm:1855.12.24.298	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/b61a2493-e30f-4556-9c8b-9160f207c1a9	"Island of Bonin [= Ogasawara Islands]," Japan.			NA	NA				Japan	Asia	Oceania (Biorealm)	EN	0	0	0	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	sciname match	Pteropus_pselaphon	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		pselaphon	Lay	1829	0	Zool. J.	0.484028	Bonin Flying Fox	ursinus Temminck (ex Kittlitz), 1837.	Japan, Bonin Isls.	Bonin and Volcano Isls (Japan).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18752/22085351/' target='_blank'>Endangered</a>	vampyrusspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus pselaphon; Pteropus pselaphon; Pteropus pselaphon; Pteropus pselaphon; Pteropus pselaphon; Pteropus pselaphon; ursinus; ursinus; pselaphon; ursinus; Roussette des Bonin; Bonin-Flughund; Zorro volador de Bonin; Bonin Flying Fox; Bonin Fruit Bat; Bonin Flying Fox; Bonin Flying Fox; P. pselaphon