http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1291	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus neohibernicus		[MSW2] Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979:5).; [MSW3] neohibernicus species group. Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Pteropus melanopogonvar. neohibernicus Peters, 1876 , “Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island ],” Papua New Guinea . Pteropus neohibernicus is in the griseus species group with griseus , admiralitatum , speciosus , hypomelanus , melanotus , alecto , conspicillatus , pohlei , mariannus , pelewensis , tonganus , ualanus , faunulus , and howensis . Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2023]  griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).				sepikensis	(sepikensis)	coronatus, degener, hilli, papuanus, sepikensis.	neohibernicus, hilli	neohibernicus , hilli	coronatus, degener, papuanus, rufus, sepikensis	neohibernicus, hilli		neohibernicus	neohibernicus - coronatus, degener, papuanus, rufus, sepikensis, hilli	neohibernicus, degener, papuanus, coronatus, rufus, sepikensis, hilli		neohibernicus, hilli	neohibernicus - coronatus, degener, papuanus, rufus, sepikensis	neohibernicus, degener, papuanus, coronatus, rufus, sepikensis, hilli 	degener, neohibernicus, papuanus, coronatus, rufus, sepikensis, hilli	hilli, neohibernicus 	neohibernicus - coronatus, degener, papuanus, rufus, sepikensis	degener W. C. H. Peters, 1876|neohibernicus W. C. H. Peters, 1876|papuanus W. C. H. Peters & Doria, 1881|coronatus O. Thomas, 1889|rufus E. P. Ramsay, 1891 [preoccupied]|sepikensis Sanborn, 1931|hilli Felten, 1961		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Bismarck flying fox	New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus neohibernicus	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.	Peters	1876	Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 317.	Distribution: Occurring in New Guinea (and a few small surrounding islands) and the Bismarcks.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Bismarck flying fox	New Guinea, Bismarck Arch.	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Peters	1876	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876:317.	Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979:5).	Bismarck Arch, and Admiralty Isis (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Mysol and Ghebi Isl.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.		PETERS	1876	Posterior basal ledges of premolars practically obliterated. Tibia naked dorsally. Premolars and molars not extremely narrow. Last two upper premolars clearly elon gate. Inner edges of plagiopatagia almost meet ing, leaving only a narrow spinal line of furred back exposed. Size very large (forearm length, 189-203 mm).	Distribution: Occurring in New Guinea (and a few small surrounding islands) and the Bismarcks.	Two currently recognized sub species:	P. n. neohibernicus (entire range except the Admiralty is lands), P. n. hilli (Admiralty islands in the Bismarcks).	26	species	P. neohibernicus	PETERS	1876	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus neohibernicus				Posterior basal ledges of premolars practically obliterated. Tibia naked dorsally. Premolars and molars not extremely narrow. Last two upper premolars clearly elon gate. Inner edges of plagiopatagia almost meet ing, leaving only a narrow spinal line of furred back exposed. Size very large (forearm length, 189-203 mm).	Two currently recognized sub species:		50. P. neohibernicus PETERS 1876 (=papuanus PETERS & DORIA 1881; sepikensis SANBORN 1931 ) [neohibernicus group].	50	_P. n. hilli_ Felten, 1961; _P. n. neohibernicus_ Peters, 1876 (synonyms: _coronatus_ Thomas, 1889, _degener_ Peters, 1876, _papuanus_ Peters & Doria, 1881, _rufus_ Ramsay, 1891, _sepikensis_ Sanborn, 1931)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus		neohibernicus	Peters		1876		Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1876		317		Great Flying Fox	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.	Bismarck Arch. and Admiralty Isls (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Misool and Gebi Isls, Gag Isl.	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	coronatus Thomas, 1888; degener Peters, 1876; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1881; rufus Ramsay, 1891 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803, or Tiedemann, 1808]; sepikensis Sanborn, 1931; hilli Felten, 1961.	neohibernicus species group. Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03AD87FAFFA2F64D8CB5334BFBBFFBBF	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	141	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFF97F67E8C6933B4FAFFFCC0.xml	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	neohibernicus	Peters	1876	Roussette papoue @fr | Gro RRer Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Bismarck @es | Bismarck Flying Fox @en | Greater Flying Fox @en	Pteropus melanopogonvar. neohibernicus Peters, 1876 , “Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island ],” Papua New Guinea . Pteropus neohibernicus is in the griseus species group with griseus , admiralitatum , speciosus , hypomelanus , melanotus , alecto , conspicillatus , pohlei , mariannus , pelewensis , tonganus , ualanus , faunulus , and howensis . Two subspecies recognized.	P.n.neohibernicusPeters,1876—RajaAmpatIs(GebeandMisool),NewGuinea,andBismarckArchipelago. P. n. hill: Felten, 1961 — Admiralty Is ( Manus I).	Head-body 234-370 mm (tailless), ear 20-31 mm , hindfoot 45— 78 mm , forearm 165-224 mm ; weight 1.1- 5 kg (mean 1-2 kg ). The Great Flying Fox is the largest Pteropus , with predominantly golden brown short fur. Muzzle is long, sparsely haired, and dark; rhinarium is black, with shortly tubular nostrils. Eyes are large, with darker, sparsely furred surrounds; irises are brown. Ears are long, dark, pointed, and exposed above. Face is medium brown, and crown is straw yellow. Mantle has longer, reddish golden fur. Back is very sparsely furred for a width of 20 mm or more and brown or yellow-brown. Rump is yellow-brown, black-brown, or reddish. Tibia is dark and unfurred. Chest and belly are reddish brown, with hairs having yellow tipping. Genitals are black. Wing membranes are black, originating high above medial plane. Skull is very large, with long rostrum and obvious sagittal and occipital crests. Canines are long, almoststraight; cheekteeth are peculiarly short and broad, with rounded edges and illdefined cusps, lacking basal ledges, and usually pigmented in shades of reddish brown.	Forests and savannas from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1400 m . Large colonies occur in swamp forests. Of two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters, one remained in mangrove forests and the other stayed in savanna and riparian habitats. On following pages: 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox ( Pteropus griseus ); 148. Admiralty Flying Fox ( Pteropus admiralitatum ); 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox ( Pteropus speciosus ); 150. Island Flying Fox ( Pteropus hypomelanus ); 151. Blackeared Flying Fox ( Pteropus melanotus ); 152. Black Flying Fox ( Pteropus alecto ); 153. Spectacled Flying Fox ( Pteropus conspicillatus ); 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox ( Pteropus pohlel); 155. Marianas Flying Fox ( Pteropus mariannus ); 156. Palau Flying Fox ( Pteropus pelewensis ); 157. Pacific Flying Fox ( Pteropus tonganus ); 158. Kosrae Flying Fox ( Pteropus ualanus ); 159. Nicobar Flying Fox ( Pteropus faunulus ); 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox ( Pteropus howensis ).	Diet of the Great Flying Fox includes fruits of Ficus ( Moraceae ), Terminalia ( Combretaceae ), and Calophyllum ( Calophyllaceae ) and nectar from Eucalyptus ( Myrtaceae ), Cocos ( Arecaceae ), and Trema ( Cannabaceae ).	Most female Great Flying Foxes in a colony on New Britain islands were carrying young in December and half-grown young in June.	The Great Flying Fox is nocturnal but has been seen feeding during the day. Roosts are high in the tallest trees near coastlines.	Two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters for 62 and 120 days traveled radial distances of 31 km and 73 km , respectively (total distances of 960 km and 225 km ). They roost in colonies of thousands of individuals.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Great Flying Fox is locally common and widespread. It is likely hunted throughout its distribution.	Almeida et al. (2014) | Andersen (1912b) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Breed et al. (2010) | Salas et al. (2008)		146. Great Flying Fox Pteropus neohibernicus French: Roussette papoue / German: GroRRer Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Bismarck Other common names: Bismarck Flying Fox , Greater Flying Fox Taxonomy. Pteropus melanopogonvar. neohibernicus Peters, 1876 , “Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island ],” Papua New Guinea . Pteropus neohibernicus is in the griseus species group with griseus , admiralitatum , speciosus , hypomelanus , melanotus , alecto , conspicillatus , pohlei , mariannus , pelewensis , tonganus , ualanus , faunulus , and howensis . Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P.n.neohibernicusPeters,1876—RajaAmpatIs(GebeandMisool),NewGuinea,andBismarckArchipelago. P. n. hill: Felten, 1961 — Admiralty Is ( Manus I). Descriptive notes. Head-body 234-370 mm (tailless), ear 20-31 mm , hindfoot 45— 78 mm , forearm 165-224 mm ; weight 1.1- 5 kg (mean 1-2 kg ). The Great Flying Fox is the largest Pteropus , with predominantly golden brown short fur. Muzzle is long, sparsely haired, and dark; rhinarium is black, with shortly tubular nostrils. Eyes are large, with darker, sparsely furred surrounds; irises are brown. Ears are long, dark, pointed, and exposed above. Face is medium brown, and crown is straw yellow. Mantle has longer, reddish golden fur. Back is very sparsely furred for a width of 20 mm or more and brown or yellow-brown. Rump is yellow-brown, black-brown, or reddish. Tibia is dark and unfurred. Chest and belly are reddish brown, with hairs having yellow tipping. Genitals are black. Wing membranes are black, originating high above medial plane. Skull is very large, with long rostrum and obvious sagittal and occipital crests. Canines are long, almoststraight; cheekteeth are peculiarly short and broad, with rounded edges and illdefined cusps, lacking basal ledges, and usually pigmented in shades of reddish brown. Habitat. Forests and savannas from sea level up to elevations of ¢. 1400 m . Large colonies occur in swamp forests. Of two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters, one remained in mangrove forests and the other stayed in savanna and riparian habitats. On following pages: 147. Wallacean Gray Flying Fox ( Pteropus griseus ); 148. Admiralty Flying Fox ( Pteropus admiralitatum ); 149. Philippine Gray Flying Fox ( Pteropus speciosus ); 150. Island Flying Fox ( Pteropus hypomelanus ); 151. Blackeared Flying Fox ( Pteropus melanotus ); 152. Black Flying Fox ( Pteropus alecto ); 153. Spectacled Flying Fox ( Pteropus conspicillatus ); 154. Geelvink Bay Flying Fox ( Pteropus pohlel); 155. Marianas Flying Fox ( Pteropus mariannus ); 156. Palau Flying Fox ( Pteropus pelewensis ); 157. Pacific Flying Fox ( Pteropus tonganus ); 158. Kosrae Flying Fox ( Pteropus ualanus ); 159. Nicobar Flying Fox ( Pteropus faunulus ); 160. Ontong Java Flying Fox ( Pteropus howensis ). Food and Feeding. Diet of the Great Flying Fox includes fruits of Ficus ( Moraceae ), Terminalia ( Combretaceae ), and Calophyllum ( Calophyllaceae ) and nectar from Eucalyptus ( Myrtaceae ), Cocos ( Arecaceae ), and Trema ( Cannabaceae ). Breeding. Most female Great Flying Foxes in a colony on New Britain islands were carrying young in December and half-grown young in June. Activity patterns. The Great Flying Fox is nocturnal but has been seen feeding during the day. Roosts are high in the tallest trees near coastlines. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Two Great Flying Foxes tracked with satellite transmitters for 62 and 120 days traveled radial distances of 31 km and 73 km , respectively (total distances of 960 km and 225 km ). They roost in colonies of thousands of individuals. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Great Flying Fox is locally common and widespread. It is likely hunted throughout its distribution. Bibliography. Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Bonaccorso (1998), Breed et al. (2010), Salas et al. (2008).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus neohibernicus	Pteropus		neohibernicus	Peters	1876	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1881:17:00	Great Flying Fox	 coronatus Thomas, 1888; degener Peters, 1876; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1881; rufus Ramsay, 1891 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803, or Tiedemann, 1808]; sepikensis Sanborn, 1931; <b>hilli</b> Felten, 1961.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.	Bismarck Arch. and Admiralty Isls (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Misool and Gebi Isls, Gag Isl.	Appendix II	Least Concern	 griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus neohibernicus	23	Great Flying Fox	Greater Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	neohibernicus	W. Peters	1876	0	Pteropus_melanopogon_var._neohibernicus	Peters, W. C. H. (1876). Mittheilung über die Pelzrobbe von den Inseln St. Paul und Amsterdam und über die von S.M.S. Gazelle mitgebrachten Flederthiere. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 317.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109636#page/353/mode/1up	ZMB 4994, ZMB 4995 [syntypes]		"Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island]," Papua New Guinea.			neohibernicus W. Peters, 1876|degener W. Peters, 1876|papuanus W. Peters & Doria, 1881|coronatus O. Thomas, 1888|rufus Ramsay, 1891 [preoccupied]|sepikensis Sanborn, 1931|hilli Felten, 1961	NA	NA	Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18742	Pteropus neohibernicus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	neohibernicus	Peters, 1876		20000000	Pteropus neohibernicus	Least Concern		2020	2019-05-24 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because it is widespread, locally common, present in several protected areas, and it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	The Great Flying Fox is highly gregarious and roosts of hundreds to several thousand individuals have been observed in tree crowns (Bonaccorso 1998), and may sometimes co-roost with the Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto ) in the Transfly (Breed et al. 2010). It forages in a range of tropical forest habitats including primary and secondary lowland rainforest, hill and lower montane rainforest, drier monsoon forest, swamp forests, mangroves and also forages in rural gardens and other areas with fruiting and flowering food trees (Bonaccorso 1998; Flannery 1995a,b). The species is often seen flying and feeding on inflorescences in the day-time, although activity peaks after dark (Bonaccorso 1998, T. Leary pers. obs.).  Movements of two Greater Flying Foxes satellite tracked in the Transfly were confined to mangrove islands, and savanna and riparian habitats respectively (Breed et al. 2010). Whilst the two bats travelled large distances (255 and 960 km), the maximum radial distance from the release site was only 31 and 73 km, although this may have reflected local food availability at the time (Breed et al. 2010). Little else is known about the ecology of the species, but females likely give birth to a single young, and seasonality of births may vary across the species range (Bonaccorso 1998).	<p>There are several threats to the species despite its ability to occupy a wide range of habitats including secondary rainforest. Logging is ongoing in much of Greater Flying Fox lowland habitat within Papua New Guinea, with 21% of primary rainforest deforested or degraded in lowland Papua New Guinea between 1972 and 2002 (Shearman et al. 2009) and high rates of ongoing deforestation and logging in some parts of its range reported between 2002 and 2014 (Bryan et al. 2015). Localized hunting for food may be a threat over much of its range (especially in western East Sepik). Animals are also killed to prevent tree fruit crop damage in subsistence gardens (T. Leary pers. comm.). </p> Drastic localised declines in populations have been reported (Bonaccorso 1998, Flannery 1995a). ;For example, almost all of the flying-foxes on the island of Manus (Papua New Guinea) reportedly died in 1985, possibly because of the effects of a mobilivirus or other disease outbreak but the population was recovering slowly in 1988 (Flannery 1995a), and still persisted on the island in 2014 (Aplin et al. 2015). A significant decline in populations in East New Britain has also been reported, ;with no evidence of any of the large camps reported in 1981 remaining in the Gazelle Peninsula area in 1996 (Bonaccorso 1998). The effects of reductions in colony sizes in New Britain may render the species more susceptible to hunting there, compared to elsewhere in its range (S. Hamilton pers. comm.).  Another potential contributor to the species decline on New Britain may be loss of forest cover with substantial areas converted to oil palm plantations – 12% of islands forest cover lost between 1989 and 2000, including over 20% of forest under 100m altitude (Buchanan et al. 2008). Conversion of forests to oil palm plantations may also be a threat to the species in other lowland parts of ;its range, though it may occasionally forage in plantations.	<p>Population trend unknown and is assumed to be stable or unlikely to be declining at a rate that required to qualify for listing in a threatened category. It is generally common and abundant across its range, though localised declines have been reported in the past (Bonaccorso 1998, Flannery 1995). Island populations may be more susceptible to declines.</p>	Stable	The Great Flying Fox occurs on the island of New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea), the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea), and the Raja Ampat islands (Indonesia) (Flannery 1995a,b; Bonaccorso 1998). There is reportedly one record from Thursday Island in Australia (L. Hall pers. comm., Neeves et al. 2018). It ranges from sea level to 1,400 m asl.	The species is locally hunted over much of its range for food, and is also traded in at least some local markets (Bonaccorso 1998, T. Leary pers. comm.). Although listed on Schedule 2 of CITES it is unlikely to be traded internationally.	Terrestrial	This species occurs in some protected areas, although the level of protection afforded to the species in these areas is likely limited (e.g. see Shearman and Bryan 2011). It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. An assessment of hunting pressure is needed, as is a review of reported population declines on parts of the Gazelle Peninsula, East New Britain (Papua New Guinea) (Bonaccorso 1998).	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		neohibernicus	Peters	1876	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1881:17:00	Great Flying Fox	 coronatus Thomas, 1888; degener Peters, 1876; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1881; rufus Ramsay, 1891 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803, or Tiedemann, 1808]; sepikensis Sanborn, 1931; <b>hilli</b> Felten, 1961.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.	Bismarck Arch. and Admiralty Isls (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Misool and Gebi Isls, Gag Isl.	Appendix II	Least Concern	 griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Pteropus neohibernicus	1004480	23	Great Flying Fox	Greater Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	neohibernicus	W. Peters	1876	0	Pteropus_melanopogon_var._neohibernicus	Peters, W. C. H. (1876). Mittheilung über die Pelzrobbe von den Inseln St. Paul und Amsterdam und über die von S.M.S. Gazelle mitgebrachten Flederthiere. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 317.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109636#page/353/mode/1up	ZMB 4994, ZMB 4995 [syntypes]		"Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island]," Papua New Guinea.			neohibernicus W. Peters, 1876|degener W. Peters, 1876|papuanus W. Peters & Doria, 1881|coronatus O. Thomas, 1888|rufus Ramsay, 1891 [preoccupied]|sepikensis Sanborn, 1931|hilli Felten, 1961	NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_neohibernicus	1004480	23	Great Flying Fox	Greater Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	neohibernicus	W. C. H. Peters	0	Pteropus melanopogon var. neohibernicus	Peters, W.C.H. 1876. Hr. W. Peters machte eine Mittheilung über die Pelzrobbe von den Inseln St. Paul und Amsterdam und über die von S. M. S. Gazelle mitgebrachten Flederthiere. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876:315-319.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35329674	ZMB 4994, ZMB 4995	syntypes		"Neu-Irland [= New Ireland Island]," Papua New Guinea.			NA	NA				Indonesia|Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_neohibernicus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		neohibernicus	Peters	1876	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1881:17:00	Great Flying Fox	coronatus Thomas, 1888; degener Peters, 1876; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1881; rufus Ramsay, 1891 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803, or Tiedemann, 1808]; sepikensis Sanborn, 1931; hilli Felten, 1961.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Ireland Isl.	Bismarck Arch. and Admiralty Isls (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Misool and Gebi Isls, Gag Isl.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18742/22084430/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	griseus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus neohibernicus; Pteropus neohibernicus; Pteropus neohibernicus; Pteropus neohibernicus; Pteropus neohibernicus; Pteropus neohibernicus; neohibernicus ; hilli; coronatus; degener; papuanus; rufus; sepikensis; neohibernicus; hilli; coronatus; degener; papuanus; rufus; sepikensis; hilli; neohibernicus; degener; papuanus; coronatus; rufus; sepikensis; hilli; Roussette papoue; Gro RRer Flughund; Zorro volador de Bismarck; Bismarck Flying Fox; Greater Flying Fox; Great Flying Fox; Greater Flying Fox; Great Flying Fox; Great Flying Fox; P. neohibernicus