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(1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1283	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus mahaganus		[MSW3] scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).; [HMW] Pteropus mahaganus Sanborn, 1931 , “Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands .” Pteropus mahaganus is in the pelagicus species group. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).; [batnames2023]  pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).; [batnames2025_1.7] pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).										macrotis, epularius				mahaganus				mahaganus 	mahaganus 			mahaganus Sanborn, 1931		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lesser flying fox	Ysabel I, Bougainville I, Solomons	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus mahaganus	Solomon Isis., Ysabel Isl., Tunnibul.	Sanborn	1931	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Ser. Zool., 2:19.	Distribution: Known only from Bougainville and Santa Isabel in the Solomons.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lesser flying fox	Ysabel I, Bougainville I, Solomons	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Sanborn	1931	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 2:19.		Bougainville and Ysabel Isis (Solomon Isis).	Solomon Isis, Ysabel Isl, Tunnibul.		SANBORN	1931	Ears medium in length (23-25 mm). Pel age not woolly. Size large for group (forearm length, 131-144 mm). Last upper and lower mo lars unusually large for group.	Distribution: Known only from Bougainville and Santa Isabel in the Solomons.	No subspecies.		26	species	P. mahaganus	SANBORN	1931	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus mahaganus				Ears medium in length (23-25 mm). Pel age not woolly. Size large for group (forearm length, 131-144 mm). Last upper and lower mo lars unusually large for group.	No subspecies.		56. P. mahaganus SANBORN 1931 [scapulatus group].	56	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus		mahaganus	Sanborn		1931		Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.	2		19		Sanborn's Flying Fox	Solomon Isls, Ysabel Isl, Tunnibul.	Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea); Ysabel Isl and Choiseul Isl (Solomon Isls).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable.		scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	03AD87FAFF93F6728C723F41FB98F799	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	138	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFF94F67A89B230AFFF5FF3BB.xml	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	Roussette de Sanborn @fr | Sanborn-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Sanborn @es | Lesser Flying Fox @en	Pteropus mahaganus Sanborn, 1931 , “Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands .” Pteropus mahaganus is in the pelagicus species group. Monotypic.	Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville , Choiseul , Santa Isabel , and Tanabuli).	Head-body 190- 235 mm (tailless), ear 22-25 mm , hindfoot 40-50 mm , forearm 126-153 mm ; weight 325-520 g (mean 445 g ). Muzzle of Sanborn’s Flying Fox is narrow and pointed, and rhinarium is dark brown, with short tubular nostrils and median furrow. Eyes are medium-sized, with reddish brown irises. Ears clearly protrude above fur, and tips are narrowly rounded. Pelage is variable, shades of buff, with gray bases. Head is warm buff; cheeks, muzzle, and hair around eyes have long dark brown hairs. Mantle and fore neck are light buff, and neck tufts on shoulder glands are tawny to russet. Back is warm buff to tawny olive, interspersed with dark brown hairs. Chest and belly are warm buff, and anal region is lighter. Tibia is dark and unfurred. Uropatagium and calcar are clearly visible. Wing membranes are black and originate slightly above medial plane. Skull is typical pteropine, with strong basicranial deflection, rather long rostrum, heavy nasal process of premaxillae, medium-sized orbit, rather flat braincase, low sagittal crest, relatively thick zygomatic arches, long postorbital processes, and long, relatively wide palate. Mandible is gracile, and coronoid and angle are comparatively large. Cheekteeth are narrow and reduced in height and width, P|is similar in size to M,, and canines have many grooves, one especially deep on anterior face, and narrow internal basal edge.	[Lowland forests, old gardens, and ultramafic forests up to elevations of c. 600 m .	Reduced dentition suggests primarily nectarivorous diet, including coconut and sago palm ( Metroxylon salomonense, Arecaceae ) flowers.	A Sanborn’s Flying Fox captured in March on Santa Isabel was lactating.	Sanborn’s Flying Fox is presumably nocturnal and might roost in hollow trees.	Sanborn’s Flying Fox might roost alone or in small groups.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [IUCN Red List. Extent of occurrence of Sanborn’s Flying Fox is more than 50,000 km ?, and area of occupancy is more than 2000 km ? Population is fragmented in three island groups. It is common but never captured in large numbers in mist nets. It is recorded only rarely, and more research is needed to ascertain population size and trend and response to habitat degradation.	Almeida et al. (2014) | Bonaccorso (1998) | Bowen-Jones et al. (1997) | Flannery (1995a) | Lavery (20179)		140. Sanborn’s Flying Fox Pteropus mahaganus French: Roussette de Sanborn / German: Sanborn-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Sanborn Other common names: Lesser Flying Fox Taxonomy. Pteropus mahaganus Sanborn, 1931 , “Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands .” Pteropus mahaganus is in the pelagicus species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville , Choiseul , Santa Isabel , and Tanabuli). Descriptive notes. Head-body 190- 235 mm (tailless), ear 22-25 mm , hindfoot 40-50 mm , forearm 126-153 mm ; weight 325-520 g (mean 445 g ). Muzzle of Sanborn’s Flying Fox is narrow and pointed, and rhinarium is dark brown, with short tubular nostrils and median furrow. Eyes are medium-sized, with reddish brown irises. Ears clearly protrude above fur, and tips are narrowly rounded. Pelage is variable, shades of buff, with gray bases. Head is warm buff; cheeks, muzzle, and hair around eyes have long dark brown hairs. Mantle and fore neck are light buff, and neck tufts on shoulder glands are tawny to russet. Back is warm buff to tawny olive, interspersed with dark brown hairs. Chest and belly are warm buff, and anal region is lighter. Tibia is dark and unfurred. Uropatagium and calcar are clearly visible. Wing membranes are black and originate slightly above medial plane. Skull is typical pteropine, with strong basicranial deflection, rather long rostrum, heavy nasal process of premaxillae, medium-sized orbit, rather flat braincase, low sagittal crest, relatively thick zygomatic arches, long postorbital processes, and long, relatively wide palate. Mandible is gracile, and coronoid and angle are comparatively large. Cheekteeth are narrow and reduced in height and width, P|is similar in size to M,, and canines have many grooves, one especially deep on anterior face, and narrow internal basal edge. Habitat. [Lowland forests, old gardens, and ultramafic forests up to elevations of c. 600 m . Food and Feeding. Reduced dentition suggests primarily nectarivorous diet, including coconut and sago palm ( Metroxylon salomonense, Arecaceae ) flowers. Breeding. A Sanborn’s Flying Fox captured in March on Santa Isabel was lactating. Activity patterns. Sanborn’s Flying Fox is presumably nocturnal and might roost in hollow trees. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Sanborn’s Flying Fox might roost alone or in small groups. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The [IUCN Red List. Extent of occurrence of Sanborn’s Flying Fox is more than 50,000 km ?, and area of occupancy is more than 2000 km ? Population is fragmented in three island groups. It is common but never captured in large numbers in mist nets. It is recorded only rarely, and more research is needed to ascertain population size and trend and response to habitat degradation. Bibliography. Almeida et al. (2014), Bonaccorso (1998), Bowen-Jones et al. (1997), Flannery (1995a), Lavery (20179).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus mahaganus	Pteropus		mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	0	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.	18(2): 19	Sanborn's Flying Fox	None.	Solomon Isls, Ysabel Isl, Tunnibul.	Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea); Ysabel Isl and Choiseul Isl (Solomon Isls).	Appendix II	Least Concern	 pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus mahaganus	23	Sanborn's Flying Fox	Lesser Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	0	Pteropus_mahaganus	Sanborn, C. C. (1931). Bats from Polynesia, Melanesia and Malaysia. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series, 18(2), 19.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20764#page/21/mode/1up	FMNH 31563		"Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands."			mahaganus Sanborn, 1931	NA	NA	Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18736	Pteropus mahaganus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	mahaganus	Sanborn, 1931		20000000	Pteropus mahaganus	Least Concern		2017	2016-06-13 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern because its extent of occurrence is over 50,000 km². The area of occupancy is greater than 2,000 km² distribution as it occurs on large islands (Bougainville, Choiseul and Santa Isabel). However, Pteropus mahaganus is rarely captured in mist net surveys and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat, especially in Solomon Islands. There should be further research to ascertain population sizes, trends andthe impacts of habitat degradation.	This species is found in coastal lowlands in coconut plantations,lowland tropical forest and ultramafic forest. Animals have been recorded feeding on young coconuts at night. It is not a colony rooster; it roosts individually and in small groups in foliage and small tree hollows.	There has been widespread habitat alteration due to conversion of mature forest for agriculture (subsistence and commercial coconut plantations) and this continues. Santa Isabel and Choiseul continue to face threat from commercial logging. Nickel prospecting and is widespread in ultramafic forests on Choiseul and Santa Isabel and mining may emerge as a threat to this species. The ability of this species to persist in degraded areas is unknown. It is also is hunted opportunistically for food, but it is unknown whether this poses a major threat to the species. Stochastic events might also threaten the species.	Flannery (1995) reported that it was common on Santa Isabel. It is also common on Bougainville and Buka (S. Hamilton pers. comm.). The species has most recently been recorded (2013 – 2016) at 500m asl at an abandoned village site on Choiseul, 400m asl. on Santa Isabel Island in ultramafic forest; and 300m asl. on southern Bougainville. It appears to have afairly uniform distribution within appropriate habitat, but does not occur at high density and is a relatively infrequently captured species in mist nets.	Decreasing	This little-known species has been recorded from the islands of Choiseul, Santa Isabel and Tanabuli in the Solomon Islands and Bougainville and Buka in Papua New Guinea (Flannery 1995, Bonaccorso 1998, T. Lavery pers. comm). Extensive searches have not recorded populations of this species on other islands in the Solomons group (Flannery 1995, T. Lavery pers. comm.). It has been recorded from sea level to 500 m asl. The combined area of the fiveislands is 15,160 km².	It is also is hunted opportunistically for food.	Terrestrial	This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES. It is not found within any nationally recognised protected areas. There should be further research on the impact of habitat degradation on its population size. Population estimates and modelling utilisation data on analog species may be appropriate.	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	0	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.	18(2): 19	Sanborn's Flying Fox	None.	Solomon Isls, Ysabel Isl, Tunnibul.	Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea); Ysabel Isl and Choiseul Isl (Solomon Isls).	Appendix II	Least Concern	 pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).	Pteropus mahaganus	1004474	23	Sanborn's Flying Fox	Lesser Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	0	Pteropus_mahaganus	Sanborn, C. C. (1931). Bats from Polynesia, Melanesia and Malaysia. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series, 18(2), 19.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20764#page/21/mode/1up	FMNH 31563		"Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands."			mahaganus Sanborn, 1931	NA	NA				Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_mahaganus	1004474	23	Sanborn's Flying Fox	Lesser Flying Fox	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	mahaganus	Sanborn	0	Pteropus mahaganus	Sanborn, C.C. 1931-02-12. Bats from Polynesia, Melanesia, and Malaysia. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 18(2):5-29.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2750522	FMNH:Mamm:31563	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/fmnh/mammals?id=a1ff7198-4d25-44f0-85b8-1b541a43791e	"Tunnibuli, Ysabel or Mahaga Island, East Central Solomon Islands."			NA	NA				Papua New Guinea|Solomon Islands	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	LC	0	0	0	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	sciname match	Pteropus_mahaganus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		mahaganus	Sanborn	1931	0	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser.	18(2): 19	Sanborn's Flying Fox	None.	Solomon Isls, Ysabel Isl, Tunnibul.	Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea); Ysabel Isl and Choiseul Isl (Solomon Isls).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18736/22082180/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus mahaganus; Pteropus mahaganus; Pteropus mahaganus; Pteropus mahaganus; Pteropus mahaganus; Pteropus mahaganus; macrotis; epularius; mahaganus; Roussette de Sanborn; Sanborn-Flughund; Zorro volador de Sanborn; Lesser Flying Fox; Sanborn's Flying Fox; Lesser Flying Fox; Sanborn's Flying Fox; Sanborn's Flying Fox; P. mahaganus