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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1280	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus lombocensis		[MSW3] molossinus species group. Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).; [HMW] Pteropus lombocensis Dobson, 1878 “Lombock [= Lombok] Island,” Lesser Sundas, Indonesia . Pteropus lombocensis is the only member of lombocensis species group. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022]  lombocensis species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).; [batnames2023]  lombocensis species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).; [batnames2025_1.7] lombocensisspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).						heudei, solitarius.	lombocensis, solitarius	lombocensis, heudei, salottii	temmincki; heudei - tricolor, solitarius			lombocensis, heudei, salottii	lombocensis - temmincki; heudei - solitarius, tricolor	lombocensis, tricolor, temmincki, heudei, solitarius, salottii		lombocensis, heudei, salottii	lombocensis - temmincki; heudei - solitarius, tricolor	lombocensis, tricolor, temmincki, heudei, solitarius, salottii 	lombocensis, tricolor, temmincki, heudei, solitarius, salottii 	heudei, lombocensis, salottii	heudei - solitarius, tricolor; lombocensis - temmincki	lombocensis Dobson, 1878|tricolor Heude, 1897 [preoccupied]|heudei Matschie, 1899 [nomen novum]|solitarius Andersen, 1908|salottii D. J. Kitchener in D. J. Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Lombok flying fox	Lesser Sunda Is	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus lombocensis	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis., Lombok Isl.	Dobson	1878	Cat. Chiroptera Br. Mus., p. 34.	Distribution: Confined to the Lesser Sundas.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Lombok flying fox	Lesser Sunda Is	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Dobson	1878	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus., p. 34.		Alor Isl (near Timor), Lombok, and Flores (Indonesia).	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isis, Lombok Isl.		DOBSON	1878	Posterior basal ledges of large premolars distinct. Rostrum greatly shortened. Dentition heavy. First lower incisor reduced, but second not enlarged. Anterior lower premolar not enlarged. Ears exposed. Size medium for group (forearm length, 108-122 mm).	Distribution: Confined to the Lesser Sundas.	Two currently recognized subspecies:	P. I. lombocensis (Lombok, Flores), P. I. solitarius (Alor near Timor).	24	species	P. lombocensis	DOBSON	1878	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus lombocensis				Posterior basal ledges of large premolars distinct. Rostrum greatly shortened. Dentition heavy. First lower incisor reduced, but second not enlarged. Anterior lower premolar not enlarged. Ears exposed. Size medium for group (forearm length, 108-122 mm).	Two currently recognized subspecies:		28. P. lombocensis DOBSON 1878 [molossinus group].	28	_P. l. heudei_ Matschie, 1899 (synonyms: _solitarius_ Andersen, 1908, _tricolor_ Heude, 1897); _P. l. lombocensis_ Dobson, 1878 (synonyms: _temminckii_ Peters, 1867); _P. l. salottii_ Kitchener, 1995			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus		lombocensis	Dobson		1878		Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus.			34		Lombok Flying Fox	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Lombok Isl.	Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and Timor Isls (Indonesia).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).	temmincki Hartert, 1898 [not Peters, 1867]; heudei Matschie, 1899; tricolor Heude, 1897 [not Gray, 1871]; solitarius K. Andersen, 1908; salottii Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995].	molossinus species group. Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).	03AD87FAFFA7F649896B3279F689FAC0	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	136	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFF8AF6648CBB351DF67AF489.xml	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	lombocensis	Dobson	1878	Roussette de Lombok @fr | Lombok-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Lombok @es	Pteropus lombocensis Dobson, 1878 “Lombock [= Lombok] Island,” Lesser Sundas, Indonesia . Pteropus lombocensis is the only member of lombocensis species group. Three subspecies recognized.	P.l.lombocensisDobson,1878—WLesserSundaIs(LombokandSumbawa). P.l.heudeiMatschie,1899—LesserSundaIs(Flores,Lembata,Pantar,andAlor). P. l. salottii Kitchener, 1995 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Timor).	Head-body 150-180 mm (tailless), ear 26-28 mm , hindfoot 37-41 mm , forearm 110-122 mm ; weight 215-360 g . Greatest lengths of skulls are 52-55 mm and tibias 49-52 mm . There is moderate size variation among islands: nominate lombocensis is larger than heudei, particularly in dentition, and salottii is smallest of the three subspecies. Crown of the Lombok Flying Fox is tawny to ocherous. Mantle, throat, and upper chest can be cinnamon to rufous ( lombocensis ) or buffy to cream yellow (heudei). In some males, tufts of stiff glandular hair occur on either side of neck. Ears are moderate in length, broad with narrowly rounded tips, and hairless except at bases. Bases of hairs are brown to dark brown. Dorsum is pale or dark brown, with some specimens being cinnamon-russet and darkening near rump. Fur is short and adpressed on back, except at rump whereit is slightly wavy. Venter is much paler than dorsum and is almost tawny. Forearm is naked, except for thinly spread line of adpressed hairs on outer side along membrane. In contrast, femur is completely furred, and tibia is furred only dorsally but not ventrally. Wing membranes are brown. The Lombok Flying Fox can be distinguished from the Wallacean Gray Flying Fox ( P. griseus ) by its smaller size, particularly shorter rostrum, zygomatic breadth, and forearm length. Skull is typical pteropine; sagittal crest is undeveloped and very low, with front of orbit above posterior one-half of P*. Postorbital processes and zygomatic arch are long and slender. Coronoid height of mandible is about the length of lower tooth row. Palate ridges: 5 + 6 + 3. M, and M* are much reduced. Reduced M? and I, are smaller than I and M, is even smaller than the other reduced dentition. C' and C, have well-developed narrow cingulum. P! is rather rudimentary. M' is twice as long as it is broad. P| is 1-2-5 times larger than L,. Posterior ledge of P° and P* are present but short and not very clearly apart from tooth, with small notch posteroexternally at base of main cusp in P® and ledge of P* extending back posteroexternally. Posterior ledges of P, and P, are short and not well defined from tooth.	Lowland tropical forests up to elevations of ¢. 880 m . Habitats of the Lombok Flying Fox are severely fragmented in the Lesser Sundas due to logging post-World War11.	There have been anecdotal reports of the Lombok Flying Fox feeding in plantations of cultivated plants (e.g. mangoes).	No information.	Lombok Flying Foxes are crepuscular and nocturnal. Their activity patterns are suspected to be typically pteropodine. No foliage roosts have been recorded.	The Lombok Flying Fox is solitary, making it difficult to track.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Information on ecology, population status, and habitat preferences of the Lombok Flying Fox is insufficient to fully understand its threats. Its likely preferred habitat (i.e. tropical lowland forest) is threatened by logging. Protected areas are usually small, remnant forests are relatively fragmented, and lowland forests are underrepresented in protected areas. The Lombok Flying Fox is hunted as a snack for drinking parties on Lombok, although impact on the population is unknown due to lack of data on frequency and volume of hunting. Hunters seek individuals in forest fragments with known foraging sites and occasionally use an individual as bait by making it call near edges of forest fragments.	Almeida et al. (2014) | Andersen (1912b) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Kitchener & Maryanto (1995) | Kitchener, Packer & Maharadatunkamsi (1995) | Monk et al. (1997) | Simmons (2005) | Tsang (2016e)		136. Lombok Flying Fox Pteropus lombocensis French: Roussette de Lombok / German: Lombok-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Lombok Taxonomy. Pteropus lombocensis Dobson, 1878 “Lombock [= Lombok] Island,” Lesser Sundas, Indonesia . Pteropus lombocensis is the only member of lombocensis species group. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P.l.lombocensisDobson,1878—WLesserSundaIs(LombokandSumbawa). P.l.heudeiMatschie,1899—LesserSundaIs(Flores,Lembata,Pantar,andAlor). P. l. salottii Kitchener, 1995 — E Lesser Sunda Is (Timor). Descriptive notes. Head-body 150-180 mm (tailless), ear 26-28 mm , hindfoot 37-41 mm , forearm 110-122 mm ; weight 215-360 g . Greatest lengths of skulls are 52-55 mm and tibias 49-52 mm . There is moderate size variation among islands: nominate lombocensis is larger than heudei, particularly in dentition, and salottii is smallest of the three subspecies. Crown of the Lombok Flying Fox is tawny to ocherous. Mantle, throat, and upper chest can be cinnamon to rufous ( lombocensis ) or buffy to cream yellow (heudei). In some males, tufts of stiff glandular hair occur on either side of neck. Ears are moderate in length, broad with narrowly rounded tips, and hairless except at bases. Bases of hairs are brown to dark brown. Dorsum is pale or dark brown, with some specimens being cinnamon-russet and darkening near rump. Fur is short and adpressed on back, except at rump whereit is slightly wavy. Venter is much paler than dorsum and is almost tawny. Forearm is naked, except for thinly spread line of adpressed hairs on outer side along membrane. In contrast, femur is completely furred, and tibia is furred only dorsally but not ventrally. Wing membranes are brown. The Lombok Flying Fox can be distinguished from the Wallacean Gray Flying Fox ( P. griseus ) by its smaller size, particularly shorter rostrum, zygomatic breadth, and forearm length. Skull is typical pteropine; sagittal crest is undeveloped and very low, with front of orbit above posterior one-half of P*. Postorbital processes and zygomatic arch are long and slender. Coronoid height of mandible is about the length of lower tooth row. Palate ridges: 5 + 6 + 3. M, and M* are much reduced. Reduced M? and I, are smaller than I and M, is even smaller than the other reduced dentition. C' and C, have well-developed narrow cingulum. P! is rather rudimentary. M' is twice as long as it is broad. P| is 1-2-5 times larger than L,. Posterior ledge of P° and P* are present but short and not very clearly apart from tooth, with small notch posteroexternally at base of main cusp in P® and ledge of P* extending back posteroexternally. Posterior ledges of P, and P, are short and not well defined from tooth. Habitat. Lowland tropical forests up to elevations of ¢. 880 m . Habitats of the Lombok Flying Fox are severely fragmented in the Lesser Sundas due to logging post-World War11. Food and Feeding. There have been anecdotal reports of the Lombok Flying Fox feeding in plantations of cultivated plants (e.g. mangoes). Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Lombok Flying Foxes are crepuscular and nocturnal. Their activity patterns are suspected to be typically pteropodine. No foliage roosts have been recorded. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Lombok Flying Fox is solitary, making it difficult to track. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Information on ecology, population status, and habitat preferences of the Lombok Flying Fox is insufficient to fully understand its threats. Its likely preferred habitat (i.e. tropical lowland forest) is threatened by logging. Protected areas are usually small, remnant forests are relatively fragmented, and lowland forests are underrepresented in protected areas. The Lombok Flying Fox is hunted as a snack for drinking parties on Lombok, although impact on the population is unknown due to lack of data on frequency and volume of hunting. Hunters seek individuals in forest fragments with known foraging sites and occasionally use an individual as bait by making it call near edges of forest fragments. Bibliography. Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Corbet & Hill (1992), Kitchener & Maryanto (1995), Kitchener, Packer & Maharadatunkamsi (1995), Monk et al. (1997), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2016e).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus lombocensis	Pteropus		lombocensis	Dobson	1878	0	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus.	p. 34	Lombok Flying Fox	 temmincki Hartert, 1898 [not Peters, 1867]; <b> heudei </b> Matschie, 1899; tricolor Heude, 1897 [not Gray, 1871]; solitarius K. Andersen, 1908;  <b>salottii</b> Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Lombok Isl.	Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and Timor Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Data Deficient	 lombocensis species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus lombocensis	23	Lombok Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	lombocensis	Dobson	1878	0						"Lombock [= Lombok] Island," Lesser Sundas, Indonesia.			lombocensis Dobson, 1878|tricolor Heude, 1897 [preoccupied]|temmincki Hartert, 1898 [preoccupied]|heudei Matschie, 1899|solitarius K. Andersen, 1908|salottii Kitchener in Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995	NA	NA	Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18733	Pteropus lombocensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	lombocensis	Dobson, 1878		20000000	Pteropus lombocensis	Data Deficient		2016	2016-01-18 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<p>Listed as Data Deficient as there is insufficient information about the species' population, habitat and ecology, threats and the impact of hunting to make an assessment.</p>	This species is poorly known. It has been collected from a mango plantation (D. Maharadatunkamsi pers. comm.). Its preferred habitat is most likely lowland tropical forest.	This species may be threatened by hunting, but more information is needed. This species is hunted as a snack for drinking parties on Lombok (Tsang pers. obs.), though the extent this affects the population on Lombok is unknown. Deforestation is occurring within the species' range but it is unknown if it is able to adapt to any habitat modification.	There is no information on the population size but it is thought to be not very common.	Unknown	<p>This species occurs on Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor and Timor Islands in Indonesia, and Timor-Leste.</p>		Terrestrial	<p>This species is listed on Appendix II of CITES. It occurs in a few protected areas. </p><p> ;</p><p><u> ;</u></p><p><u>Research needs</u></p><p>Studies are needed on the species’ population sizes, distribution, and extent of occurrence throughout its range. ;Monitoring of population sizes and locations over time are also important to establish whether these are stable or experiencing trends of decline. </p><p> ;</p><p>The threats to these bats are poorly understood. Studies are needed on the species’ habitat requirements and on the effects of forest loss and degradation on the species’ population sizes/distribution. Research is also needed on the amount of hunting and the level of bushmeat trade, and the effects of that hunting on population sizes and persistence.</p><p> ;</p><p> </p><p>Effective roost site protection efforts are needed to minimize disturbance and protect colonies. Similar to most threatened fruit bats, local capacity building for conservation managers ; and education and awareness within local communities are greatly needed to support conservation efforts.</p>	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		lombocensis	Dobson	1878	0	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus.	p. 34	Lombok Flying Fox	 temmincki Hartert, 1898 [not Peters, 1867]; <b> heudei </b> Matschie, 1899; tricolor Heude, 1897 [not Gray, 1871]; solitarius K. Andersen, 1908;  <b>salottii</b> Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Lombok Isl.	Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and Timor Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Data Deficient	 lombocensis species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).	Pteropus lombocensis	1004471	23	Lombok Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	lombocensis	Dobson	1878	0						"Lombock [= Lombok] Island," Lesser Sundas, Indonesia.			lombocensis Dobson, 1878|tricolor Heude, 1897 [preoccupied]|temmincki Hartert, 1898 [preoccupied]|heudei Matschie, 1899|solitarius K. Andersen, 1908|salottii Kitchener in Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995	NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia/Oceania	DD	0	0	0	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_lombocensis	1004471	23	Lombok Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	lombocensis	Dobson	0	Pteropus lombocensis	Dobson, G.E. 1878-06-15. Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, 567 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37695100	BMNH:Mamm:1864.4.12.2	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/fa31216b-a939-441a-882c-13b504f82d28	"Lombock [= Lombok] Island," Lesser Sundas, Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia|East Timor	Asia	Indomalaya|Australasia	DD	0	0	0	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_lombocensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		lombocensis	Dobson	1878	0	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus.	p. 34	Lombok Flying Fox	temmincki Hartert, 1898 [not Peters, 1867]; heudei Matschie, 1899; tricolor Heude, 1897 [not Gray, 1871]; solitarius K. Andersen, 1908;  salottii Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995].	Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Isls, Lombok Isl.	Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and Timor Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18733/22082270/' target='_blank'>Data Deficient</a>	lombocensisspecies group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus lombocensis; Pteropus lombocensis; Pteropus lombocensis; Pteropus lombocensis; Pteropus lombocensis; Pteropus lombocensis; lombocensis; heudei; salottii; temmincki; heudei - tricolor; solitarius; heudei; salottii; temmincki; heudei - tricolor; solitarius; lombocensis; tricolor; temmincki; heudei; solitarius; salottii; Roussette de Lombok; Lombok-Flughund; Zorro volador de Lombok; Lombok Flying Fox; Lombok Flying Fox; Lombok Flying Fox; P. lombocensis