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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1273	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gailliardi	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi	Pteropus gilliardi		[MSW3] scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).; [HMW] Pteropus gilliardi [sic] Van Deusen, 1969 , “Camp 12 (“summit camp”), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters).” Pteropus gilliardorum is in the pelagicus species group. T. F. Flannery in 1995 amended gilliardi to gilliardorum in accordance with Article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b)following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).; [IUCN] Previously spelled gilliardi ; amended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following article 31 of the ICZN code. Misspelled "gailliardi " by Koopman (1994).; [batnames2023]  pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b)following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).; [MDD2023] the name 'gilliardorum' is often used for this species, but this is considered an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, 'gilliardi', which is used here; [MDD2025_2.0] the name 'gilliardorum' is often used for this species, but this is considered an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, 'gilliardi', which is used here; [batnames2025_1.7] pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Originally spelled gilliardi; incorrectly emended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b); see Dubois (2007). Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).; [MDD2025_2.2] the name 'gilliardorum' is often used for this species, but this is considered an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, 'gilliardi', which is used here														gilliardorum	Previously spelled gilliardi ; amended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following article 31 of the ICZN code. Misspelled "gailliardi " by Koopman (1994).	galliardi 	galliardi - galliardorum 	gilliardi 	gilliardi, gilliardorum	galliardi 	galliardi - gilliardorum	gilliardi Van Deusen, 1969|gailliardi Koopman, 1994 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|gilliardorum Flannery, 1995 [unjustified emendation]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Gilliard's flying fox	New Britain, Bismarck Arch.; ref. 4.21	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteropus gilliardi	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Britain, Whiteman Mts., Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1600 m.	Van Deusen	1969	Am. Mus. Novit., 2371:5.	Distribution: Known from a single somewhat immature speci men collected in the mountains of New Britain (Bismarcks).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Gilliard's flying fox	New Britain, Bismarck Arch.	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Van Deusen	1969	Am. Mus. Novit., 2371:5.		New Britain Isl (Bismarck Arch.).	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., New Britain, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1,600 m.		VAN DEUSEN	1969	Posterior basal ledges of premolars prac tically obliterated. Premolars and molars extremely narrow (breadth of last upper premolar less than one fourth width of palate between them). Tibia naked dorsally. Ears short (20 mm). Size fairly small for group (forearm length, 114 mm). Pelage distinctly woolly.	Distribution: Known from a single somewhat immature speci men collected in the mountains of New Britain (Bismarcks).	No subspecies.		26	species	P. gailliardi	VAN DEUSEN	1969	Pteropus	genus	Pteropus gailliardi				Posterior basal ledges of premolars prac tically obliterated. Premolars and molars extremely narrow (breadth of last upper premolar less than one fourth width of palate between them). Tibia naked dorsally. Ears short (20 mm). Size fairly small for group (forearm length, 114 mm). Pelage distinctly woolly.	No subspecies.		54. P. gailliardi VAN DEUSEN 1969 [scapulatus group].	54	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus		gilliardorum	Van Deusen		1969		Am. Mus. Novit.	2371		5		Gilliard's Flying Fox	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., West New Britain Province, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1,600 m.	New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 – Vulnerable as P. gilliardi.		scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).	03AD87FAFF90F67E89B437B8FB5AF212	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b			Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	gilliardorum	Van Deusen	1969	Gilliard’s Flying Fox, French: Roussette des Gilliard / German: Gilliard-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Gilliard	Pteropus gilliardi [sic] Van Deusen, 1969 , “Camp 12 (“summit camp”), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters).” Pteropus gilliardorum is in the pelagicus species group. T. F. Flannery in 1995 amended gilliardi to gilliardorum in accordance with Article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Monotypic.	Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and E New Ireland Is), Papua New Guinea.	Head-body 154-178 mm (tailless), ear 20-25 mm, hindfoot 34— 40 mm, forearm 114-120 mm; weight 400 g (adult male). Muzzle of Gilliard’s Flying Fox is covered with very short, black, brown, and silvery hairs, giving bare appearance. Ears are rounded. Pelage is generally olive-brown. Top of head, cheeks, and throat are overall grayish black because of a mix of entirely gray hairs and dark hairs tipped with silver-gray. Mantle is warmer toned than back and rump, between dark brown and olive-brown; hairs on neck glands are deeper yellow-brown. Back and rump are mummy brown, and central back has concentrated dark guard hairs. Venter is similar to mantle. Ventral surface of wing membranes near forearm has short, golden yellow hairs; tibia is naked above. Wing membranes are dark brown; index claw is present. Skull has strong basicranial deflection, moderately long rostrum, large orbits, rounded braincase, thin zygomatic arches, relatively wide palate, and domed braincase. Mandible is gracile, coronoid is thin and sloping, and angle is inconspicuous. Upper dentition has small spatulated incisors, C' is long and thin, P' is minute, and cheekteeth are very small and narrow. Lower dentition has small incisors, inner incisors are widely separated and less than one-half the size of outer incisors, C is short and slanted outward, cheekteeth are exceedingly small and narrow, and last molar is minute.	Mature tropical forests with scrambling bamboo, rhododendron, and pandanus at elevations of 200-2300 m.	Reduced dentition of Gilliard’s Flying Fox suggests a diet of nectar and soft fruits.	The single adult known, a male, had secondary sex glands on sides of neck.	Gilliard’s Flying Fox is presumably nocturnal and roosts in canopy foliage.	Home range and Social organization. Gilliard’s Flying Fox presumably roosts cryptically in small groups.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The [UCN Red List. Gilliard’s Flying Fox is only known from six specimens from three localities. It is not known if it occurs in any protected area. New surveys and ecological studies are urgently needed to assessits conservation status.	Allison, Bonaccorso, Helgen & Hamilton (2008), Almeida et al. (2014), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1990, 1995a), Van Deusen (1969).	https://zenodo.org/record/6448883 https://zenodo.org/record/6803858#.YyTDiHbMLIU	139. Gilliard’s Flying Fox Pteropus gilliardorum French: Roussette des Gilliard / German: Gilliard-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Gilliard Taxonomy. Pteropus gilliardi [sic] Van Deusen, 1969 , “Camp 12 (“summit camp”), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters).” Pteropus gilliardorum is in the pelagicus species group. T. F. Flannery in 1995 amended gilliardi to gilliardorum in accordance with Article 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Monotypic. Distribution. Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and E New Ireland Is), Papua New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 154-178 mm (tailless), ear 20-25 mm, hindfoot 34— 40 mm, forearm 114-120 mm; weight 400 g (adult male). Muzzle of Gilliard’s Flying Fox is covered with very short, black, brown, and silvery hairs, giving bare appearance. Ears are rounded. Pelage is generally olive-brown. Top of head, cheeks, and throat are overall grayish black because of a mix of entirely gray hairs and dark hairs tipped with silver-gray. Mantle is warmer toned than back and rump, between dark brown and olive-brown; hairs on neck glands are deeper yellow-brown. Back and rump are mummy brown, and central back has concentrated dark guard hairs. Venter is similar to mantle. Ventral surface of wing membranes near forearm has short, golden yellow hairs; tibia is naked above. Wing membranes are dark brown; index claw is present. Skull has strong basicranial deflection, moderately long rostrum, large orbits, rounded braincase, thin zygomatic arches, relatively wide palate, and domed braincase. Mandible is gracile, coronoid is thin and sloping, and angle is inconspicuous. Upper dentition has small spatulated incisors, C' is long and thin, P' is minute, and cheekteeth are very small and narrow. Lower dentition has small incisors, inner incisors are widely separated and less than one-half the size of outer incisors, C is short and slanted outward, cheekteeth are exceedingly small and narrow, and last molar is minute. Habitat. Mature tropical forests with scrambling bamboo, rhododendron, and pandanus at elevations of 200-2300 m. Food and Feeding. Reduced dentition of Gilliard’s Flying Fox suggests a diet of nectar and soft fruits. Breeding. The single adult known, a male, had secondary sex glands on sides of neck. Activity patterns. Gilliard’s Flying Fox is presumably nocturnal and roosts in canopy foliage. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Gilliard’s Flying Fox presumably roosts cryptically in small groups. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The [UCN Red List. Gilliard’s Flying Fox is only known from six specimens from three localities. It is not known if it occurs in any protected area. New surveys and ecological studies are urgently needed to assessits conservation status. Bibliography. Allison, Bonaccorso, Helgen & Hamilton (2008), Almeida et al. (2014), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1990, 1995a), Van Deusen (1969).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus gilliardorum	Pteropus		gilliardorum	Van Deusen	1969	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	######	Gilliard's Flying Fox	None.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., West New Britain Province, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1,600 m.	New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea).	Appendix II	Vulnerable	 pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b)following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus gilliardorum	23	Gilliard's Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	gilliardorum	Van Deusen	1969	0	Pteropus_gilliardi	Van Deusen, H. M. (1969). Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition 5. A new species of Pteropus (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. American Museum Novitates, 2371, 5.		AMNH 194292		"Camp 12 ("summit camp"), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters)."			gilliardorum Van Deusen, 1969	NA	NA	Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	VU	0	0	0	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	sciname match	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18726	Pteropus gilliardorum	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	gilliardorum	Van Deusen, 1969	Previously spelled gilliardi ; amended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following article 31 of the ICZN code. Misspelled "gailliardi " by Koopman (1994).	20000000	Pteropus gilliardorum	Vulnerable	D2	2020	2019-08-07 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Pteropus gilliardorum is listed as Vulnerable under criterion D2 as it is only known from three locations on two islands in close proximity (ca 50 km apart). The three locations are likely part of one population and hence prone to the effects of stochastic events such as El NiÅ„o fires and cyclones or human activities such as forest conversion and degradation. The two islands recorded some of the highest rates in Papua New Guinea of forest clearing and degradation from 2002 to 2014, predominantly in the lowlands (Bryant et al. 2015). Although the species habitat requirements are unknown, the three localities are all in mature primary rainforest. Further studies are needed to determine the species habitat requirements and sensitivity to forest degradation. Additional information may show this species to qualify for a more threatened category.	Gilliard’s Flying Fox is believed to inhabit mature tropical forest (known elevation 200 to 1,800 meters). The three known localities were all in primary rainforest. The species may roost solitarily or in small groups (Bonaccorso 1998). Based on the species reduced molars, its diet is speculated to consist of soft skinned fruit and inflorescences (Van Deusen 1969). Nothing is known of the reproduction of this species and all individuals captured to-date are males - 1 adult and 5 sub-adults (Bonaccorso 1998). Nothing else is known of the habits and ecology of the species.	The threats to this species are not well known. The species appears to have a restricted range. Widespread clearing of lowland forest could affect upland habitat. New Ireland and New Britain had amongst the highest rates of forest change in Papua New Guinea (from forest clearing and logging) between 2002 and 2014, predominantly in the lowlands (Bryan et al. 2015). Conversion of forests to oil palm may also be a threat to the species in lowland areas. Hunting is probably not a threat given the species apparent rarity and likely cryptic roosting behaviour. The three locations are likely part of one population and hence prone to the effects of stochastic events such as El NiÅ„o fires and cyclones.	Population trends are unknown for this species. It is known only from six individuals collected from three locations.	Unknown	The species is known from only three locations on New Britain and New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. The holotype was collected in the Whiteman Mountains of West New Britain, at 1,600 m asl. Another specimen was collected from Mu village in East New Britain (5°19' S, 152°08' E), the third location was in the Hans Meyer Range, (approximately 4°25.2' S, 152°56.8' E). Records of the species range from 200 to 1,800 m asl.	It is not known if the species is hunted or traded, but its presumed solitary to small group size, cryptic roosting behaviour and presumed rarity mean that it is unlikely to be targeted for hunting or trade.	Terrestrial	All Pteropus are listed on Appendix II of CITES. It is not known if it is present in any protected areas. Studies are urgently needed into the distribution, habitat requirements, ecology, and threats to this species. Further surveys in the Nakanai Mountains would be particularly useful as more recent surveys (Aplin and Opiang 2011) did not target Pteropus .	Australasian		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		gilliardorum	Van Deusen	1969	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	########	Gilliard's Flying Fox	None.	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., West New Britain Province, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1,600 m.	New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea).	Appendix II	Vulnerable	 pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b)following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).	Pteropus gilliardi	1004465	23	Gilliards' Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	gilliardi	Van Deusen	1969	0	Pteropus_gilliardi	Van Deusen, H. M. (1969). Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition 5. A new species of Pteropus (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. American Museum Novitates, 2371, 5.		AMNH 194292		"Camp 12 ("summit camp"), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters)."			gilliardi Van Deusen, 1969	the name 'gilliardorum' is often used for this species, but this is considered an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, 'gilliardi', which is used here	NA				Papua New Guinea	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	VU	0	0	0	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	sciname match	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_gilliardi	1004465	23	Gilliards' Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	gilliardi	Van Deusen	0	Pteropus gilliardi	Van Deusen, H.M. 1969-05-12. Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain Expedition. 5. A new species of _Pteropus_ (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) from New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. American Museum Novitates 2371:1-16.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/62955682	AMNH M-194292	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-194292	"Camp 12 ("summit camp"), Wild Dog Ridge, Whiteman Mountains, New Britain [Island, Papua New Guinea]; elevation about 5200 feet (1600 meters)."			the name 'gilliardorum' is often used for this species, but this is considered an unjustified emendation of the original spelling, 'gilliardi', which is used here	NA				Papua New Guinea	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	VU (as Pteropus gilliardorum)	0	0	0	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	sciname match	Pteropus_gilliardorum	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		gilliardi	Van Deusen	1969	0	Am. Mus. Novitates	########	Gilliard's Flying Fox	gilliardorum Flannery, 1995	Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., West New Britain Province, Whiteman Mtns, Wild Dog Ridge, ca. 1,600 m.	New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18726/22081235/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable as Pteropus gilliardorum</a>	pelagicus species group; see Almeida et al. (2014). Originally spelled gilliardi; incorrectly emended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b); see Dubois (2007). Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus gilliardorum; Pteropus gilliardorum; Pteropus gilliardorum; Pteropus gilliardorum; Pteropus gilliardorum; Pteropus gilliardorum; gilliardorum; Gilliard’s Flying Fox; French: Roussette des Gilliard / German: Gilliard-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Gilliard; Gilliard's Flying Fox; Gilliard's Flying Fox; Gilliard's Flying Fox; Pteropus gailliardi ; P. gilliardi