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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1260	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Pteropus melanopogon [synonym of]	Pteropus melanopogon aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus aruensis		[MSW3] melanopogon species group. Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex.; [HMW] Pteropus melanopogon var. aruensis Peters, 1867 , “Aruinseln [= Aru Islands],” Indonesia . Pteropus aruensis 1s in the melanopogon species group. It was previously considered subspecies of P. melanopogon . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.; [IUCN] Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954). Bergmans (2001) argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex. According to K. Helgen (pers. comm.) P. aruensis and P. keyensis are conspecific, but we retain P. aruensis here as a separate species pending resolution of this taxonomic confusion.; [batnames2023] species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.; [batnames2025_1.7] species group incertae sedis; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.									fumigatus, rubiginosus			aruensis	aruensis - fumigatus, rubiginosus	aruensis, fumigatus, rubiginosus	Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954). Bergmans (2001) argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex. According to K. Helgen (pers. comm.) P. aruensis and P. keyensis are conspecific, but we retain P. aruensis here as a separate species pending resolution of this taxonomic confusion.	aruensis	aruensis - fumigatus, rubiginosus	aruensis, fumigatus, rubiginosus 	argentatus, aruensis, fumigatus, rubiginosus	aruensis 	aruensis - fumigatus, rubiginosus	argentatus J. E. Gray, 1858 [preoccupied]|aruensis W. C. H. Peters, 1867|fumigatus von Rosenberg, 1867|rubiginosus von Rosenberg, 1867						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus		aruensis	Peters		1867		Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1867		330		Aru Flying Fox	Indonesia, Aru Isls.	Aru Isls (Indonesia).	CITES – Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – No Data: Limited Distribution as Pteropus melanopogon aruensis. IUCN 2003 – Not listed. This species has not been collected since the nineteenth century, and probably should be listed as Critically Endangered (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867; rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867.	melanopogon species group. Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex.	03AD87FAFFACF6428CB23688F834F598	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	161	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFA3F64D896D3071FABAF441.xml	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropodidae	Pteropus	aruensis	Peters	1867	Roussette des Aru @fr | Aru-Flughund @de | Zorro volador de Aru @es	Pteropus melanopogon var. aruensis Peters, 1867 , “Aruinseln [= Aru Islands],” Indonesia . Pteropus aruensis 1s in the melanopogon species group. It was previously considered subspecies of P. melanopogon . Monotypic.	Aru Is, Indonesia .	Head-body 290 mm (tailless), ear 23-30 mm , hindfoot 47 mm , forearm 190-191 mm . Greatest lengths of skulls are 78-90 mm and tibias 83-85 mm . Skull, dentition, and ears are the same shape and size as that of the closely allied Black-bearded Flying Fox ( P. melanopogon ). Ears are of moderate length, with rounded tips. Fur is adpressed, silky, and longer than that of the Black-bearded Flying Fox, with fur thinly scattered on upperside of forearm in front of elbow and missing from above and beneath forearm, tibia, tip of femur, and uropatagium (except in center and along inner side of femur). Fur is otherwise on underside of wing membranes. Color is similar to that of the Black-bearded Flying Fox on head, mantle, and underparts; differences primarily are that back and rump are silver-white. Whitish color of back is rather rare in species of Pteropus and a distinct characteristic of the Aru Flying Fox. It has distinctly contrasting chestnut-orange mantle, with sprinkles of golden hairs. Mantle is chestnut, chest is golden orange, and belly is buffy. Head is brown on sides, with orange-chestnut to golden orange buffy crown extending between ears onto forehead. Bases of most hairs are golden. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Wing membranes arise close to spine. Skull is typical pteropine but extremely heavy and robust, with large orbits, crests, and postorbital processes. Rostrum and palate are deep and broad, even wider than in the Large Flying Fox ( P. vampyrus ), and do not taper anteriorly. Dental formulais 12/2, C1/1,P 2/3. M 2/3 (x2) = 32 because P! is missing. Dentition is heavy, with well-defined but narrow cingulum in upper and lower canines. C, is recurved. P, is slightly smaller than M* and slightly larger than M,. M' is 1-5 times longer than wide.	Suspected dependence on mangroves.	No information.	No information.	The Aru Flying Fox roosts in forests with low levels of disturbance.	The Aru Flying Fox is presumably gregarious and roosts colonially.	CITES Appendix II. Classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on The IUCN Red List. The Aru Flying Fox has not been recorded in recent surveys despite being rather large and conspicuously colored. It might have been a target of hunters because there is low food security in this area. There is an unconfirmed record of a bone from an Aru Flying Fox in 1992. More recent interest for converting 92% of primary forest on Aru into plantations would lead to devastating losses of needed habitat.	Andersen (1912b) | Corbet & Hill (1992) | Obidzinski et al. (2015) | Simmons (2005) | Tsang (2016h)		187. Aru Flying Fox Pteropus aruensis French: Roussette des Aru / German: Aru-Flughund / Spanish: Zorro volador de Aru Taxonomy. Pteropus melanopogon var. aruensis Peters, 1867 , “Aruinseln [= Aru Islands],” Indonesia . Pteropus aruensis 1s in the melanopogon species group. It was previously considered subspecies of P. melanopogon . Monotypic. Distribution. Aru Is, Indonesia . Descriptive notes. Head-body 290 mm (tailless), ear 23-30 mm , hindfoot 47 mm , forearm 190-191 mm . Greatest lengths of skulls are 78-90 mm and tibias 83-85 mm . Skull, dentition, and ears are the same shape and size as that of the closely allied Black-bearded Flying Fox ( P. melanopogon ). Ears are of moderate length, with rounded tips. Fur is adpressed, silky, and longer than that of the Black-bearded Flying Fox, with fur thinly scattered on upperside of forearm in front of elbow and missing from above and beneath forearm, tibia, tip of femur, and uropatagium (except in center and along inner side of femur). Fur is otherwise on underside of wing membranes. Color is similar to that of the Black-bearded Flying Fox on head, mantle, and underparts; differences primarily are that back and rump are silver-white. Whitish color of back is rather rare in species of Pteropus and a distinct characteristic of the Aru Flying Fox. It has distinctly contrasting chestnut-orange mantle, with sprinkles of golden hairs. Mantle is chestnut, chest is golden orange, and belly is buffy. Head is brown on sides, with orange-chestnut to golden orange buffy crown extending between ears onto forehead. Bases of most hairs are golden. Uropatagium is reduced; calcar is small. Wing membranes arise close to spine. Skull is typical pteropine but extremely heavy and robust, with large orbits, crests, and postorbital processes. Rostrum and palate are deep and broad, even wider than in the Large Flying Fox ( P. vampyrus ), and do not taper anteriorly. Dental formulais 12/2, C1/1,P 2/3. M 2/3 (x2) = 32 because P! is missing. Dentition is heavy, with well-defined but narrow cingulum in upper and lower canines. C, is recurved. P, is slightly smaller than M* and slightly larger than M,. M' is 1-5 times longer than wide. Habitat. Suspected dependence on mangroves. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. The Aru Flying Fox roosts in forests with low levels of disturbance. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Aru Flying Fox is presumably gregarious and roosts colonially. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on The IUCN Red List. The Aru Flying Fox has not been recorded in recent surveys despite being rather large and conspicuously colored. It might have been a target of hunters because there is low food security in this area. There is an unconfirmed record of a bone from an Aru Flying Fox in 1992. More recent interest for converting 92% of primary forest on Aru into plantations would lead to devastating losses of needed habitat. Bibliography. Andersen (1912b), Corbet & Hill (1992), Obidzinski et al. (2015), Simmons (2005), Tsang (2016h).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Pteropus aruensis	Pteropus		aruensis	Peters	1867	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1872:30:00	Aru Flying Fox	 fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867; rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867.	Indonesia, Aru Isls.	Aru Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Critically Endangered	species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteropus aruensis	23	Aru Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	aruensis	W. Peters	1867	0	Pteropus_melanopogon_var._aruensis	Peters, W. C. H. (1867). Ãœber die Flederhunde, Pteropi, und insbesondere über die Arten der Gattung Pteropus s. s. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867, 330.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112419#page/340/mode/1up	ZMB 4703, ZMB 4962, ZMB 88608, ZMB 88610 [syntypes]		"Aruinseln [= Aru Islands]," Indonesia.			aruensis W. Peters, 1867|fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867|rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867	NA	NA	Indonesia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	CR	0	0	0	Pteropus_aruensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_aruensis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136504	Pteropus aruensis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Pteropus	aruensis	Peters, 1867	Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954). Bergmans (2001) argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex. According to K. Helgen (pers. comm.) P. aruensis and P. keyensis are conspecific, but we retain P. aruensis here as a separate species pending resolution of this taxonomic confusion.	20000000	Pteropus aruensis	Critically Endangered	D	2016	2016-01-18 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), as it has not been recorded since the nineteenth century despite some surveys within its range, and it is quite a colourful and large bat. It may have been the target of hunting and may now be possibly extinct. There is one unconfirmed record of a bone from this species from 1992.	There is little information available about the ecology of this species.	The threats to this species are not known. This species is a potential target for hunting, and this may have resulted in the species' decline, but this has not been confirmed. Large-scale sugarcane plantation development on the Aru Islands threatens 92% of the primary tropical forest, which could be a devastating loss of habitat for this species (Obidzinski et al. 2015).	This species has not been collected since the nineteenth century. The complete absence of twentieth-century records for P. aruensis is concerning, and expeditions to the Aru Islands sponsored by the Western Australian Museum in the early 1990s did not encounter it. However, a single toothless jaw from a kitchen midden collected by P.A. Woolley at Namara on the island of Kobroor in October/November 1992 probably represents this species (field number NA/36, unregistered lot at CSIRO) (K. Helgen pers. comm.). It is a very large and colourful bat and so hence it is potentially a target of concerted hunting. It could possibly be extinct.	Unknown	This species is apparently restricted to the Aru Islands, Indonesia (Simmons 2005).		Terrestrial	There are no conservation measures in place for this species. A proposed protected area (Pulau Kobroor) is within the general area where the species was found. Further studies are needed into the taxonomy, distribution, abundance, ecology, and threats of this species. It is listed on CITES Appendix II.	Australasian	1992	TRUE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		aruensis	Peters	1867	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1872:30:00	Aru Flying Fox	 fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867; rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867.	Indonesia, Aru Isls.	Aru Isls (Indonesia).	Appendix II	Critically Endangered	species group incertae sedis ; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.	Pteropus aruensis	1004453	23	Aru Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	PTEROPODINAE	PTEROPODINI	Pteropus	NA	aruensis	W. Peters	1867	0	Pteropus_melanopogon_var._aruensis	Peters, W. C. H. (1867). Ãœber die Flederhunde, Pteropi, und insbesondere über die Arten der Gattung Pteropus s. s. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1867, 330.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/112419#page/340/mode/1up	ZMB 4703, ZMB 4962, ZMB 88608, ZMB 88610 [syntypes]		"Aruinseln [= Aru Islands]," Indonesia.			aruensis W. Peters, 1867|fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867|rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867	NA	NA				Indonesia	Oceania	Australasia/Oceania	CR	0	0	0	Pteropus_aruensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_aruensis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteropus_aruensis	1004453	23	Aru Flying Fox		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Pteropodinae	Pteropodini	Pteropus	NA	aruensis	W. C. H. Peters	0	Pteropus melanopogon var. A. aruensis	Peters, W.C.H. 1867. Ãœber die Fiederhunde, _Pteropi_, und insbesondere über die Arten der Gattung _Pteropus_ s. s. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1867:319-333.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36510593	ZMB 4962	lectotype		"Aruinseln [= Aru Islands]," Indonesia.			NA	NA				Indonesia	Oceania (Continent)	Australasia	CR	0	0	0	Pteropus_aruensis	0	sciname match	Pteropus_aruensis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Pteropus		aruensis	Peters	1867	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1872:30:00	Aru Flying Fox	fumigatus Rosenberg, 1867; rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867.	Indonesia, Aru Isls.	Aru Isls (Indonesia).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Appendix II</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136504/21974958/' target='_blank'>Critically Endangered</a>	species group incertae sedis; see Almeida et al. (2014). Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie andHill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of thiscomplex.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteropus aruensis; Pteropus aruensis; Pteropus aruensis; Pteropus aruensis; Pteropus aruensis; Pteropus aruensis; fumigatus; rubiginosus; fumigatus; rubiginosus; aruensis; fumigatus; rubiginosus; Roussette des Aru; Aru-Flughund; Zorro volador de Aru; Aru Flying Fox; Aru Flying Fox; Aru Flying Fox; P. aruensis