http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1241	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus gymnonotus		[MSW2] Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977:245).; [MSW3] Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977).; [HMW] Chilonycteris gymnonotus [sic] Wagner, 1843 , “Cuyaba [= Cuiabd],” Mato Grosso , Brazil . Some authors attribute the name P. gymnonotus to J. B. Natterer. When J. D. Smith in 1977 clarified the nomenclatural history recognizing P. gymnonotus as the senior synonym of P. suapurensis, he assigned Natterer as its authority. Smith argued that J. A. Wagner, when he described P. gymnonotus , attributed the name of the species to Natterer because the descriptive notes were taken directly from Natterer’s field diary. D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 examined a photocopy of Natterer’s field notes and stated that, even though Wagner used Natterer’s species name, he wrote the species diagnosis independently, and therefore Smith’s claim was not supported. Carter and Dolan’s argument is followed here. Fossil records of P. gymnonotus are reported from Tobago Island . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Pteronotus . Includes suapurensis ; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).; [IUCN] Includes P. suapurensis .; [batnames2023] Subgenus Pteronotus . Includes suapurensis ; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).		(suapurensis)		suapurensis	(suapurensis)	centralis, suapurensis.			centralis, suapurensis			gymnonotus	gymnonotus - centralis, suapurensis	gymnonotus, suapurensis, centralis	Includes P. suapurensis .	gymnonotus	gymnonotus - centralis, suapurensis	gymnonotus, suapurensis, centralis 	gymnonotus, suapurensis, centralis, gimnonotus	gymnonotus 	gymnonotus - centralis, suapurensis	gymnonotus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|gymnota (A. Murray, 1866) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|suapurensis (J. A. Allen, 1904)|centralis G. G. Goodwin, 1942|gimnonotus Bredt & Uieda, 1996 [incorrect subsequent spelling]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Big naked-backed bat	S Mexico – E Peru, ? Brazil; ref. 4.64	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba.	Natterer	1843	In Wagner, Wiegmann's Archive Naturgesch., 9:367. '	Distribution: Ranging from Veracruz in southern Mexico to Guyana and central Brazil (but not west of the Andes in South America).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Big naked-backed bat	S Mexico – E Peru, Brazil Davy's naked-backed bat (Pteronotus davyi)	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Natterer	1843	In Wagner, Arch. Naturgesch., 9:367.	Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977:245).	S Veracruz (Mexico) to Peru, NE Brazil, and Guyana.	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba.		WAGNER	1843	Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-56 mm; condylobasal length, 15-17 mm). Plagiopatagium covered with many short hairs.	Distribution: Ranging from Veracruz in southern Mexico to Guyana and central Brazil (but not west of the Andes in South America).	No subspecies.		71	species	P. gymnonotus	WAGNER	1843	Pteronotus	subgenus	Pteronotus gymnonotus				Size fairly large (forearm length, 49-56 mm; condylobasal length, 15- 17 mm). Plagiopatagium covered with many short hairs.	No subspecies.		6. P. gymnonotus (WAGNER 1843) ( = suapurensis J. A . ALLEN 1904).	6	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Mormoopidae			Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	Natterer		1843		In Wagner, Arch. Naturgesch.	9		367		Big Naked-backed Bat	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba (= Cuyaba).	S Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, NE and C Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, and French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	centralis Goodwin, 1942; suapurensis J. A. Allen, 1904.	Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977).	03A637439152FFEEE4E4CC8F27C9A2B6	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Mormoopidae_424.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9f4f3b9157ffebe472c9232f51a072	438	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/37/03A637439153FFEEE1D5C02C2DB2A510.xml	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Mormoopidae	Pteronotus	gymnonotus		1843	Ptéronote a dos nu @fr | Gro Re Nacktrlickenfledermaus @de | Pteronotus de espalda desnuda @es	Chilonycteris gymnonotus [sic] Wagner, 1843 , “Cuyaba [= Cuiabd],” Mato Grosso , Brazil . Some authors attribute the name P. gymnonotus to J. B. Natterer. When J. D. Smith in 1977 clarified the nomenclatural history recognizing P. gymnonotus as the senior synonym of P. suapurensis, he assigned Natterer as its authority. Smith argued that J. A. Wagner, when he described P. gymnonotus , attributed the name of the species to Natterer because the descriptive notes were taken directly from Natterer’s field diary. D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 examined a photocopy of Natterer’s field notes and stated that, even though Wagner used Natterer’s species name, he wrote the species diagnosis independently, and therefore Smith’s claim was not supported. Carter and Dolan’s argument is followed here. Fossil records of P. gymnonotus are reported from Tobago Island . Monotypic.	From S Mexico S along Central America, Caribbean coast of South America, and the Guianas to C & NE Brazil , E Peru , and NE Bolivia .	Head-body ¢.51-69 mm, tail 17-27 mm, ear 13-20 mm, hindfoot 9-13 mm, forearm 50-56 mm; weight 12-18 g. The Big Naked-backed Bat is the largest species of naked-backed bat, both externally and cranially. Fur color varies from dark brown to bright orange and is paler ventrally than dorsally. There are short hairs densely covering fused wing membrane, giving back a “velvety” appearance. Skull rostrum is conspicuously shorter than one-half total length of skull and very broad, with depressed nasals. Braincase is oblong, and basioccipital region between bullae is very broad. Condylo-basal lengths are 15-17 mm. There is a geographical trend of larger overall sizes in the northernmost distribution, but no population structuring at the molecular level is observed. Additional external and cranial features shared with other species in the subgenus Pleronotus are listed in descriptive notes for Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (P. davyr).	Tropical rainforest, dry forest, xerophytic scrub, and savannas. The Big Naked-backed Bat is more abundant in dry and semi-open environments below elevations of 400 m , although there are several records from the Brazilian central plateau above 1000 m .	Diets of Big Naked-backed Bats include moths, beetles, flies, and crickets.	In Nicaragua and Mexico , pregnant Big Naked-backed Bats were reported in April, May, and June. In north-eastern Brazil , it has been suggested that the reproductive pattern is related to the wet season, with pregnant females reported in September—November.	The Big Naked-backed Bat forages more commonly in semi-open areas and over water bodies. Echolocation calls during search phase consist of short CF-FM pulses averaging 6-6 milliseconds, with up to three harmonics. Second harmonic is the most intense, starting with a CF component at 55 kHz and ending with a QCF component of ¢.48-7 kHz.	The Big Naked-backed Bat prefers roosting in large and humid cave systems, where it is found in association with other species of mormoopids and phyllostomids.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.	Bernard et al. (2011) | Bredt et al. (1999) | Cajaiba (2014) | Carter & Dolan (1978) | Eshelman & Morgan (1985) | GBIF Secretariat (2017) | Ibanez & Ochoa (1989) | Ibanez et al. (2000) | Patton & Gardner (2008) | Pavan & Marroig (2016, 2017) | Rocha et al. (2011) | Sbragia & Cardoso (2008) | Simmons & Conway (2001) | Smith (1972, 1977) | Vargas-Mena et al. (2018) | Willig (1985a)	https://zenodo.org/record/6419811/files/figure.png	5. Big Naked-backed Bat Pteronotus gymnonotus French: Ptéronote a dos nu / German: GroRe Nacktrlickenfledermaus / Spanish: Pteronotus de espalda desnuda Taxonomy. Chilonycteris gymnonotus [sic] Wagner, 1843 , “Cuyaba [= Cuiabd],” Mato Grosso , Brazil . Some authors attribute the name P. gymnonotus to J. B. Natterer. When J. D. Smith in 1977 clarified the nomenclatural history recognizing P. gymnonotus as the senior synonym of P. suapurensis, he assigned Natterer as its authority. Smith argued that J. A. Wagner, when he described P. gymnonotus , attributed the name of the species to Natterer because the descriptive notes were taken directly from Natterer’s field diary. D. C. Carter and P. G. Dolan in 1978 examined a photocopy of Natterer’s field notes and stated that, even though Wagner used Natterer’s species name, he wrote the species diagnosis independently, and therefore Smith’s claim was not supported. Carter and Dolan’s argument is followed here. Fossil records of P. gymnonotus are reported from Tobago Island . Monotypic. Distribution. From S Mexico S along Central America, Caribbean coast of South America, and the Guianas to C & NE Brazil , E Peru , and NE Bolivia . Descriptive notes. Head-body ¢.51-69 mm, tail 17-27 mm, ear 13-20 mm, hindfoot 9-13 mm, forearm 50-56 mm; weight 12-18 g. The Big Naked-backed Bat is the largest species of naked-backed bat, both externally and cranially. Fur color varies from dark brown to bright orange and is paler ventrally than dorsally. There are short hairs densely covering fused wing membrane, giving back a “velvety” appearance. Skull rostrum is conspicuously shorter than one-half total length of skull and very broad, with depressed nasals. Braincase is oblong, and basioccipital region between bullae is very broad. Condylo-basal lengths are 15-17 mm. There is a geographical trend of larger overall sizes in the northernmost distribution, but no population structuring at the molecular level is observed. Additional external and cranial features shared with other species in the subgenus Pleronotus are listed in descriptive notes for Davy’s Naked-backed Bat (P. davyr). Habitat. Tropical rainforest, dry forest, xerophytic scrub, and savannas. The Big Naked-backed Bat is more abundant in dry and semi-open environments below elevations of 400 m , although there are several records from the Brazilian central plateau above 1000 m . Food and Feeding. Diets of Big Naked-backed Bats include moths, beetles, flies, and crickets. Breeding. In Nicaragua and Mexico , pregnant Big Naked-backed Bats were reported in April, May, and June. In north-eastern Brazil , it has been suggested that the reproductive pattern is related to the wet season, with pregnant females reported in September—November. Activity patterns. The Big Naked-backed Bat forages more commonly in semi-open areas and over water bodies. Echolocation calls during search phase consist of short CF-FM pulses averaging 6-6 milliseconds, with up to three harmonics. Second harmonic is the most intense, starting with a CF component at 55 kHz and ending with a QCF component of ¢.48-7 kHz. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Big Naked-backed Bat prefers roosting in large and humid cave systems, where it is found in association with other species of mormoopids and phyllostomids. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Bibliography. Bernard et al. (2011), Bredt et al. (1999), Cajaiba (2014), Carter & Dolan (1978), Eshelman & Morgan (1985), GBIF Secretariat (2017), Ibanez & Ochoa (1989), Ibanez et al. (2000), Patton & Gardner (2008), Pavan & Marroig (2016, 2017), Rocha et al. (2011), Sbragia & Cardoso (2008), Simmons & Conway (2001), Smith (1972, 1977), Vargas-Mena et al. (2018), Willig (1985a).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Mormoopidae	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	J.A. Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	9(1): 367	Big Naked-backed Bat	 centralis Goodwin, 1942; suapurensis J. A. Allen, 1904	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba (= Cuyaba)	S Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, E and C Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, and French Guiana	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pteronotus . Includes suapurensis ; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pteronotus gymnonotus	23	Big Naked-backed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	MORMOOPIDAE	NA	NA	Pteronotus	NA	gymnonotus	J. A. Wagner	1843	1						"Cuyaba [= Cuiabá]," Mato Grosso, Brazil.			gymnonotus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|suapurensis (J. A. Allen, 1904)|centralis G. G. Goodwin, 1942	NA	NA	Mexico|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador?|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	sciname match	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	18706	Pteronotus gymnonotus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	MORMOOPIDAE	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	Wagner, 1843	Includes P. suapurensis .	20000000	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is confirmed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, it occurs in a number of protected areas, and because it is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.	This species is an aerial insectivore that feeds on many scarab beetles, as well as other insects. No specific observations have been recorded on this species other than that it generally occurs below 400 m and is strongly associated with mountains in tropical wet forest and savannas. It roosts in large caves, often with other species of mormoopid bats but also found with some phyllostomids (Eisenberg and Redford 1999, Emmons and Feer 1997, Handley 1976, Reid 2009).	There are no major threats to populations of this species. However, some problems can exist in caves, such as mismanaged activities like tourism and mining.	This is a fairly abundant species where suitable roost are available (J. Molinari pers. comm.), although it seems not common on the northern part of their range (J. Arroyo Cabrales and B. Miller pers. comm.). Colonies of several thousands were reported in Piauí, eastern Brazil (Patton and Gardner 2008).	Stable	This species occurs throughout south Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, northeast and central Brazil, Bolivia, and Guyana (Simmons 2005, Reid 2009). Also occurs in Colombia and Venezuela (Patton and Gardner 2008).		Terrestrial	Occurs in a protected areas throughout its range. Protect the caves. In Mexico it is listed as subjected to special protection by SEMARNAT (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001) (J. Arroyo-Cabrales, pers. comm.).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Mormoopidae	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	J.A. Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	9(1): 367	Big Naked-backed Bat	 centralis Goodwin, 1942; suapurensis J. A. Allen, 1904	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba (= Cuyaba)	S Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, E and C Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, and French Guiana	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pteronotus . Includes suapurensis ; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).	Pteronotus gymnonotus	1004856	23	Big Naked-backed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Mormoopidae	NA	NA	Pteronotus	NA	gymnonotus	J. A. Wagner	1843	1						"Cuyaba [= Cuiabá]," Mato Grosso, Brazil.			gymnonotus (J. A. Wagner, 1843)|suapurensis (J. A. Allen, 1904)|centralis G. G. Goodwin, 1942	NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador?|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	sciname match	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	1004856	23	Big Naked-backed Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Mormoopidae	NA	NA	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	J. A. Wagner	1	Chilonycteris gymnonotus	Wagner, J.A. 1843. Diagnosen neuer Arten brasilischer Handflügler. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 9(1):365-368.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13703398	NMW (unnumbered)	holotype		"Cuyaba [= Cuiabá]," Mato Grosso, Brazil.			NA	NA				Mexico|Guatemala|Honduras|El Salvador|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Ecuador?|Peru|Bolivia	North America|South America	Nearctic|Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	sciname match	Pteronotus_gymnonotus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Mormoopidae	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	gymnonotus	J.A. Wagner	1843	1	Arch. Naturgesch.	9(1): 367	Big Naked-backed Bat	centralis Goodwin, 1942; suapurensis J. A. Allen, 1904	Brazil, Mato Grosso, Cuiaba (= Cuyaba)	S Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, E and C Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, and French Guiana	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18706/22077065/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977). We attribute authorship of the specific epithet to Wagner, not Natterer, following Carter and Dolan (1978), but see Smith (1977). See also Pavan and Tavares (2020).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pteronotus gymnonotus; Pteronotus gymnonotus; Pteronotus gymnonotus; Pteronotus gymnonotus; Pteronotus gymnonotus; Pteronotus gymnonotus; centralis; suapurensis; centralis; suapurensis; gymnonotus; suapurensis; centralis; Ptéronote a dos nu; Gro Re Nacktrlickenfledermaus; Pteronotus de espalda desnuda; Big Naked-backed Bat; Big Naked-backed Bat; Big Naked-backed Bat; P. gymnonotus