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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L125	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris maximiliani		[MSW3] Does not include centralis, see Simmons and Handley (1998).; [HMW] Vespertilio maximiliani J. B . Fischer, 1829 , “ In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil].” Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucu, near Rio do Espirito Santo , Brazil . This species was originally named Proboscidea calcarata and its type locality described as “Ostküste von Brasilien” (= east coast of Brazil) by H. R. Schinz in 1821, but the specific epithet was preoccupied by Vespertilio calcaratus named by. S. Rafinesque in 1818. Wied-Neuwied in 1826 restricted Schinz’s original type locality beforeJ. B. Fischer in 1829 provided the replacement name maxmzZiam and presumably paraphrased Schinz’s type locality. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Does not include centralis , see Simmons and Handley (1998).; [IUCN]  C. centralis recently split from this species (Simmons and Handley 1998, Simmons 2005).; [batnames2023] Does not include centralis , see Simmons and Handley (1998).; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include centralis, see Simmons and Handley (1998).						centralis, loiedi.	centralis, maximiliani		calcaratus, wiedi			maximiliani	maximiliani - calcaratus, wiedi	calcaratus, maximiliani, wiedi	 C. centralis recently split from this species (Simmons and Handley 1998, Simmons 2005).	maximiliani	maximiliani - calcaratus, wiedi	calcaratus, maximiliani, wiedi 	calcarata, maximiliani, wiedi	maximiliani 	maximiliani - calcaratus, wiedi	calcarata (H. R. Schinz, 1821) [preoccupied]|maximiliani (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [nomen novum]|wiedi (T. S. Palmer, 1898) [nomen novum]		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Shaggy-haired bat	S Mexico – Ecuador, ? E Peru, Brazil	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Centronycteris maximiliani	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.	Fischer	1829	Synopsis Mamm., p. 122.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Shaggy-haired bat (Thomas's bat)	S Mexico – Ecuador, ? E Peru, Brazil, Guianas	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Fischer	1829	Synopsis Mamm., p. 122.		S Veracruz (Mexico) to Peru, Brazil, and Guianas.	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.		FISCHER	1829	Size relatively large (forearm length, 43-4 8 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Two currently recognized subspecies:	C. m. centralis (Middle America and northwestern South America), C. m. maximiliani (eastern South America).	46	species	C. maximiliani	FISCHER	1829	Centronycteris	genus	Centronycteris maximiliani				Size relatively large (forearm length, 43-4 8 mm).	Two currently recognized subspecies:		1. C. maximiliani (FISCHER 1829).	1	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris		maximiliani	J. Fischer	y	1829		Synopsis Mamm.			122		Shaggy Bat	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.	NE Peru, S Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	calcaratus Schinz, 1821 [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]; wiedi Palmer, 1898.	Does not include centralis, see Simmons and Handley (1998).	03D587F2FFDA4C11F82931FBF22FF06B	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	370	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFDA4C11F82931FBF22FF06B.xml	Centronycteris maximiliani	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris	maximiliani	J. B. Fischer	1829	Common Shaggy Bat @en | Centronyctère de Maximilian @fr | Maximilian-Spornscheidenschwanz @de | Centronicteriode Maximilian @es | Maximilian's Shaggy Bat @en	Vespertilio maximiliani J. B . Fischer, 1829 , “ In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil].” Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucu, near Rio do Espirito Santo , Brazil . This species was originally named Proboscidea calcarata and its type locality described as “Ostküste von Brasilien” (= east coast of Brazil) by H. R. Schinz in 1821, but the specific epithet was preoccupied by Vespertilio calcaratus named by. S. Rafinesque in 1818. Wied-Neuwied in 1826 restricted Schinz’s original type locality beforeJ. B. Fischer in 1829 provided the replacement name maxmzZiam and presumably paraphrased Schinz’s type locality. Monotypic.	SE Colombia, S Venezuela, the Guianas, NW & N Brazil, and NE Peru, also in E & SE Brazil as far S as Vitória, Espirito Santo State.	Head—body 43—61 mm, tail 20—26 mm, ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 6 7 mm, forearm 41-5-44-7 mm; weight: 4-5—9 g. Long, shaggy dorsal fur of the Common Shaggy Bat is orange-brown; venter is slightly paler. Eyes are large, with dark brown irises. Ears are long, rise well above crown, and are pointed at apex. Inner surface of pinna is heavily ribbed for most ofits length. Tragus is equally broad as long. Tip of muzzle and nostrils extend slightly forward of lower lip. Facial region is heavily furred, with little exposed skin visible. Edge of wing membrane attaches to side of foot at metacarpal-phalangeal joint. Small P1, large basisphenoid pits not extending beyond hamular processes of pterygoids, and rostrum with dorso-lateral swelling at base of postorbital process differentiate the Common Shaggy Bat from congeneric Thomas’s Shaggy Bat ( C. centralis').	Primary and secondary rainforests from sea level to elevations of at least 200 m, including white sand forest in Peru; poorly drained lowland forests dominated by Morai, Pentaclethra (both Fabaceae ), and Licania ( Chrysobalanaceae ); and welldrained forests dominated by Chlorocardium ( Lauraceae ), Eperua ( Fabaceae ), and Eschweilera ( Lecythidaceae ).	The Common Shaggy Bat pursues aerial insects with slow, fluttering flight.	One lactating Common Shaggy Bat was recorded in mid-February in central Brazil.	Common Shaggy Bats are crepuscular and have been observed flying in late afternoon as early as 17:00 h. They roost in hollow trees and on undersides of large leaves and tree trunks. Roosts are 3-10 m aboveground.	Roost reports are uncommon but include a solitary adult male near Iquitos, Peru. Observations of Common Shaggy Bats regularly using the same spatial areas for foraging suggest that individuals use core areas in established home ranges over a long period of time.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Shaggy Bat has a large distribution and recently appeared in some echolocation surveys as being locally common.	Eisenberg (1989) | Emmons & eer (1997) | Fischer (1829) | Hice & Solari (2002) | Hood & Gardner (2008) | Rafinesque (1818) | Schinz (1821) | Simmons & Handley (1998) | Thomas (1912 c) | Wied-Neuwied (1826)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747995/files/figure.png	48 . Common Shaggy Bat Centronycteris maximiliani French: Centronyctère de Maximilian I German : Maximilian-Spornscheidenschwanz I Spanish : Centronicterio de Maximilian Other common names: Maximilian's Shaggy Bat Taxonomy . Vespertilio maximiliani J. B . Fischer, 1829 , “ In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil].” Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucu, near Rio do Espirito Santo , Brazil . This species was originally named Proboscidea calcarata and its type locality described as “Ostküste von Brasilien” (= east coast of Brazil) by H. R. Schinz in 1821, but the specific epithet was preoccupied by Vespertilio calcaratus named by. S. Rafinesque in 1818. Wied-Neuwied in 1826 restricted Schinz’s original type locality beforeJ. B. Fischer in 1829 provided the replacement name maxmzZiam and presumably paraphrased Schinz’s type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. SE Colombia, S Venezuela, the Guianas, NW & N Brazil, and NE Peru, also in E & SE Brazil as far S as Vitória, Espirito Santo State. Descriptive notes. Head—body 43—61 mm, tail 20—26 mm, ear 14-17 mm, hindfoot 6 7 mm, forearm 41-5-44-7 mm; weight: 4-5—9 g. Long, shaggy dorsal fur of the Common Shaggy Bat is orange-brown; venter is slightly paler. Eyes are large, with dark brown irises. Ears are long, rise well above crown, and are pointed at apex. Inner surface of pinna is heavily ribbed for most ofits length. Tragus is equally broad as long. Tip of muzzle and nostrils extend slightly forward of lower lip. Facial region is heavily furred, with little exposed skin visible. Edge of wing membrane attaches to side of foot at metacarpal-phalangeal joint. Small P1, large basisphenoid pits not extending beyond hamular processes of pterygoids, and rostrum with dorso-lateral swelling at base of postorbital process differentiate the Common Shaggy Bat from congeneric Thomas’s Shaggy Bat ( C. centralis'). Habitat . Primary and secondary rainforests from sea level to elevations of at least 200 m, including white sand forest in Peru; poorly drained lowland forests dominated by Morai, Pentaclethra (both Fabaceae ), and Licania ( Chrysobalanaceae ); and welldrained forests dominated by Chlorocardium ( Lauraceae ), Eperua ( Fabaceae ), and Eschweilera ( Lecythidaceae ). Food and Feeding . The Common Shaggy Bat pursues aerial insects with slow, fluttering flight. Breeding . One lactating Common Shaggy Bat was recorded in mid-February in central Brazil. Activity patterns. Common Shaggy Bats are crepuscular and have been observed flying in late afternoon as early as 17:00 h. They roost in hollow trees and on undersides of large leaves and tree trunks. Roosts are 3-10 m aboveground. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roost reports are uncommon but include a solitary adult male near Iquitos, Peru. Observations of Common Shaggy Bats regularly using the same spatial areas for foraging suggest that individuals use core areas in established home ranges over a long period of time. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Common Shaggy Bat has a large distribution and recently appeared in some echolocation surveys as being locally common. Bibliography. Eisenberg (1989), Emmons & eer (1997), Fischer (1829), Hice & Solari (2002), Hood & Gardner (2008), Rafinesque (1818), Schinz (1821), Simmons & Handley (1998), Thomas (1912 c ), Wied-Neuwied (1826).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris maximiliani	Centronycteris		maximiliani	J. Fischer	1829	1	Synopsis Mamm.	p. 112	Shaggy Bat	 calcaratus Schinz, 1821 [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]; wiedi Palmer, 1898.	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.	NE Peru, S Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include centralis , see Simmons and Handley (1998).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Centronycteris maximiliani	23	Common Shaggy Bat	Maximilian's Shaggy Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Centronycteris	NA	maximiliani	J. B. Fischer	1829	1						"In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil]." Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucú, near Rio do Espírito Santo, Brazil.			calcaratus (Schinz, 1821) [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]|maximiliani (J. B. Fischer, 1829)|wiedi (Palmer, 1898)	NA	NA	Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	4112	Centronycteris maximiliani	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Centronycteris	maximiliani	(Fischer, 1829)	 C. centralis recently split from this species (Simmons and Handley 1998, Simmons 2005).	20000000	Centronycteris maximiliani	Least Concern		2016	2016-07-01 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern because it is widely distributed and relatively abundant based on echolocation records, and unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for the threat categories.	This bat tends to roost in hollow trees. It is an aerial insectivore. It appears to be a slow flier and has a rather regular pattern of foraging in its home range, a feature shared with other emballonurids (Eisenberg 1989). Forages in beats, with a slow, fluttering flight. They have been noted flying in late afternoon. Found in mature rainforest and secondary forest (Emmons and Feer 1997).	In general, deforestation is a potential threat to most organisms but is probably not specific to any species of New World emballonurid bats because none of them have a restricted area of endemism other than perhaps Balantioperyx infusca and Saccopteryx antioquensis .	This species is poorly known; apparently it is uncommon everywhere in its geographic range (Emmons and Feer 1997).	Unknown	This species is found in South America. It ranges from northeastern Peru to central Colombia, south Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and Brazil ;(Simmons 2005, Hood and Gardner 2008).		Terrestrial	Retention of primary forest. Presumably the species occurs in some protected areas. This is true for most New World emballonurid bats because they are usually widely distributed.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris		maximiliani	J. Fischer	1829	1	Synopsis Mamm.	p. 112	Shaggy Bat	 calcaratus Schinz, 1821 [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]; wiedi Palmer, 1898.	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.	NE Peru, S Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include centralis , see Simmons and Handley (1998).	Centronycteris maximiliani	1004780	23	Common Shaggy Bat	Maximilian's Shaggy Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Centronycteris	NA	maximiliani	J. B. Fischer	1829	1						"In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil]." Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucú, near Rio do Espírito Santo, Brazil.			calcaratus (Schinz, 1821) [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]|maximiliani (J. B. Fischer, 1829)|wiedi (Palmer, 1898)	NA	NA				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Centronycteris_maximiliani	1004780	23	Common Shaggy Bat	Maximilian's Shaggy Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Diclidurini	Centronycteris	NA	maximiliani	J. B. Fischer	1	Vespertilio Maximiliani	Fischer, J.B. 1829. [Main body of work]. Pp. 1–527 in Fischer, J.B. 1829-1830. Synopsis Mammalium. J.G. Cotta, Stuttgart, 752 pp.	https://books.google.com/books?id=X31EAQAAMAAJ	ZMB 54654	holotype		"In ora orientali Brasiliae [= on the eastern edge of Brazil]." Restricted by M. P. zu Wied-Neuwied in 1826 to Fazenda Coroaba, Rio Jucú, near Rio do Espírito Santo, Brazil.			NA	NA				Colombia|Venezuela|Guyana|Suriname|French Guiana|Brazil|Peru	South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_maximiliani	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris		maximiliani	J. Fischer	1829	1	Synopsis Mamm.	p. 112	Shaggy Bat	calcaratus Schinz, 1821 [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]; wiedi Palmer, 1898.	Brazil, Espirito Santo, Rio Jucy, Fazenda do Coroaba.	NE Peru, S Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4112/22002444/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include centralis, see Simmons and Handley (1998).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Centronycteris maximiliani; Centronycteris maximiliani; Centronycteris maximiliani; Centronycteris maximiliani; Centronycteris maximiliani; Centronycteris maximiliani; calcaratus; wiedi; calcaratus; wiedi; calcaratus; maximiliani; wiedi; Common Shaggy Bat; Centronyctère de Maximilian; Maximilian-Spornscheidenschwanz; Centronicteriode Maximilian; Maximilian's Shaggy Bat; Common Shaggy Bat; Maximilian's Shaggy Bat; Shaggy Bat; Shaggy Bat; C. maximiliani