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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1231	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Megaerops wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Megaerops wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus wetmorei		[HMW] Megaerops wetmorei E. H. Taylor, 1934 , Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines . Subspecies Megaerops wetmorei albicollis is here retained in Megaerops as full species ( Megaerops albicollis ) of Sundaic distribution. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei , placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus . See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).; [MDD2022] moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus; [IUCN] The current taxonomy is probably incorrect, with Philippine populations referred to M. wetmorei suspected to represent a separate species (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006).; [batnames2023] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei , placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus . See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).; [MDD2023] moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus; [batnames2025_1.7] Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei, placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus. See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus						albicollis.								wetmorei	The current taxonomy is probably incorrect, with Philippine populations referred to M. wetmorei suspected to represent a separate species (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006).			wetmorei	wetmorei			wetmorei (E. H. Taylor, 1934)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.		Mindanao, Philippines	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Megaerops wetmorei	Philippines, Mindanao, Cotabato, Tatayan.	Taylor	1934	Monogr. Bur. Sei. Manila, p. 191.	Distribution: Known only from Borneo and the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Mindanao, Philippines, N Borneo, Malaya; ref. 4.112	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Taylor	1934	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila, p. 191.		Philippines, Borneo, W Malaysia.	Philippines, Mindanao, Cotabato, Tatayan.		TAYLOR	1934	A short tail usually present. Cranial rostrum lower at canine than at middle premolar, relatively short and slen der. Size small (forearm length, 46-5 3 mm). Vomer extending posteriorly beyond palate.	Distribution: Known only from Borneo and the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.	No sub species.		34	species	M. wetmorei	TAYLOR	1934	Megaerops	genus	Megaerops wetmorei				A short tail usually present. Cranial rostrum lower at canine than at middle premolar, relatively short and slen der. Size small (forearm length, 46-5 3 mm). Vomer extending posteriorly beyond palate.	No sub species.		1. M. wetmorei TAYLOR 1934 .	1	NA																											03AD87FAFF81F66F89703DCAF8AAF5B4	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	69	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFCFF6218C9F36D9F64FF4F0.xml	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Pteropodidae	Ptenochirus	wetmorei		1934	Cynoptéere de Wetmore @fr | Mindanao-Moschusflughund @de | Ptenoguiro de Wetmore @es | \White-collared Fruit Bat @en	Megaerops wetmorei E. H. Taylor, 1934 , Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines . Subspecies Megaerops wetmorei albicollis is here retained in Megaerops as full species ( Megaerops albicollis ) of Sundaic distribution. Monotypic.	Endemic to Mindanao, S Philippines .	Head-body 71-76 mm , tail 3-5 mm , ear 13-15 mm , hindfoot 12—13 mm , forearm 47-52 mm ; weight 16-21 g . The Mindanao Fruit Bat is small, with gray head and rusty ruff. Head is large and wide. Muzzle is wide, with gray skin; nostrils are short tubular and divergent; philtrum reaches lowerlip, ending in two pads; and two large triangular pads are on lower lip. Eyes are medium-sized; iris is chestnut-brown. Ears are moderately short, round, and uniformly light brown, and antitragus lobe is obsolescent. Head pelage is moderately long and light gray;sides are tipped with light brown. Dorsal fur is relatively long, gray, and occasionally tipped with brown. Uropatagium is well developed, and calcar is short. Ventrally, wide, rusty, long-haired ruff is more developed on shoulders and continuous across nape. Pelage in chest and belly is long and grayish brown and sometimes extends to base of forearms. Wing membranes are dark gray, index claw is present, and wing from sides of body attach to first toe. Tip ofall claws is white; metacarpals and phalanges are pale on both sides. Skull lacks basicranial deflection. Laterally, relatively deep rostrum is continuous with forehead; orbit is large; zygomatic rootis slightly above upperalveolar line; zygoma is thin, arched posteriorly; and braincase is globose. Dorsally, rostrum is moderately wide; paranasal recesses are inflated, passing posteriorly to postorbital foramina; postorbital processes are thin and long, posterolaterally directed and with almost no postorbital constriction; temporal lines are widely separated, barely marked; braincase is round; and nuchal crest is indistinct. Ventrally, palate is flat; post-dental is long, converging posteriorly; palatine rim with spine continues on sphenoidal crest; and ectotympanic is wide, anteriorly edged internally with long ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandible is straight; coronoid gently slopes, with rather wide tip; condyle is slightly above lower alveolar line; and angle is round and poorly defined. Upper incisors are small; I' is longest; C' is large, almost straight, with only tip backwardly decurved; P' is minute; and posterior cheekteeth are well developed, decreasing in height and changing from squarish to very elongate posteriorly. Lower dentition has small L; I, is absent; C, is moderately small and decurved; P| is small; posterior cheekteeth are well developed, decreasing in height and gradually becoming elongate posteriorly; and M,is peg-like.	Lowland and montane primary and lightly disturbed rainforests at elevations of 800-1200 m .	The Mindanao Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous and relies heavily on figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ).	Pregnant Mindanao Fruit Bats have been found in April. Littersize is one.	No information.	No information.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (under Megaerops wetmorei ). The Mindanao Fruit Bat has not been assessed as a species restricted to Mindanao and is probably vulnerable because of its limited distribution and preference for primary or only lightly disturbed rainforests, which are generally declining. Present in some protected areas; e.g. Mount Kitanglad National Park (Mindanao).	Francis (1989) | Heaney, Balete et al. (1998) | Heaney, Tabaranza et al. (2006) | Taylor (1934)		14. Mindanao Fruit Bat Ptenochirus wetmorei French: Cynoptéere de Wetmore / German: Mindanao-Moschusflughund / Spanish: Ptenoguiro de Wetmore Other common names: \White-collared Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Megaerops wetmorei E. H. Taylor, 1934 , Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines . Subspecies Megaerops wetmorei albicollis is here retained in Megaerops as full species ( Megaerops albicollis ) of Sundaic distribution. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to Mindanao, S Philippines . Descriptive notes. Head-body 71-76 mm , tail 3-5 mm , ear 13-15 mm , hindfoot 12—13 mm , forearm 47-52 mm ; weight 16-21 g . The Mindanao Fruit Bat is small, with gray head and rusty ruff. Head is large and wide. Muzzle is wide, with gray skin; nostrils are short tubular and divergent; philtrum reaches lowerlip, ending in two pads; and two large triangular pads are on lower lip. Eyes are medium-sized; iris is chestnut-brown. Ears are moderately short, round, and uniformly light brown, and antitragus lobe is obsolescent. Head pelage is moderately long and light gray;sides are tipped with light brown. Dorsal fur is relatively long, gray, and occasionally tipped with brown. Uropatagium is well developed, and calcar is short. Ventrally, wide, rusty, long-haired ruff is more developed on shoulders and continuous across nape. Pelage in chest and belly is long and grayish brown and sometimes extends to base of forearms. Wing membranes are dark gray, index claw is present, and wing from sides of body attach to first toe. Tip ofall claws is white; metacarpals and phalanges are pale on both sides. Skull lacks basicranial deflection. Laterally, relatively deep rostrum is continuous with forehead; orbit is large; zygomatic rootis slightly above upperalveolar line; zygoma is thin, arched posteriorly; and braincase is globose. Dorsally, rostrum is moderately wide; paranasal recesses are inflated, passing posteriorly to postorbital foramina; postorbital processes are thin and long, posterolaterally directed and with almost no postorbital constriction; temporal lines are widely separated, barely marked; braincase is round; and nuchal crest is indistinct. Ventrally, palate is flat; post-dental is long, converging posteriorly; palatine rim with spine continues on sphenoidal crest; and ectotympanic is wide, anteriorly edged internally with long ribbon-like entotympanic. Mandible is straight; coronoid gently slopes, with rather wide tip; condyle is slightly above lower alveolar line; and angle is round and poorly defined. Upper incisors are small; I' is longest; C' is large, almost straight, with only tip backwardly decurved; P' is minute; and posterior cheekteeth are well developed, decreasing in height and changing from squarish to very elongate posteriorly. Lower dentition has small L; I, is absent; C, is moderately small and decurved; P| is small; posterior cheekteeth are well developed, decreasing in height and gradually becoming elongate posteriorly; and M,is peg-like. Habitat. Lowland and montane primary and lightly disturbed rainforests at elevations of 800-1200 m . Food and Feeding. The Mindanao Fruit Bat is primarily frugivorous and relies heavily on figs ( Ficus , Moraceae ). Breeding. Pregnant Mindanao Fruit Bats have been found in April. Littersize is one. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List (under Megaerops wetmorei ). The Mindanao Fruit Bat has not been assessed as a species restricted to Mindanao and is probably vulnerable because of its limited distribution and preference for primary or only lightly disturbed rainforests, which are generally declining. Present in some protected areas; e.g. Mount Kitanglad National Park (Mindanao). Bibliography. Francis (1989), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Tabaranza et al. (2006), Taylor (1934).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Ptenochirus wetmorei	Ptenochirus		wetmorei	Taylor	1934	1	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila	p. 191	Mindanao Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Cotabato near Tatayan.	Minanao Isl (Philippines)	Not listed.	Vulnerable as Megaerops wetmorei 	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei , placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus . See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Ptenochirus wetmorei	23	Mindanao Fruit Bat	White-collared Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Ptenochirus	NA	wetmorei	E. H. Taylor	1934	1	Megaerops_wetmorei	Taylor, E. H. (1934). Philippine land mammals. Monographs of the Bureau of Science (Manila), 30, 191.		AMNH 241710		Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines.			wetmorei (E. H. Taylor, 1934)	moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus	Almeida, F. C., Simmons, N. B., & Giannini, N. P. (2020). A Species-level Phylogeny of Old World Fruit Bats with a New Higher-level Classification of the Family Pteropodidae. American Museum Novitates, 3950, 1-24.	Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Ptenochirus_wetmorei	0	sciname match	Megaerops_wetmorei	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	12948	Megaerops wetmorei	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIDAE	Megaerops	wetmorei	Taylor, 1934	The current taxonomy is probably incorrect, with Philippine populations referred to M. wetmorei suspected to represent a separate species (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006).	3000000	Megaerops wetmorei	Vulnerable	A4c	2008	2008-06-30 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Vulnerable because of a population decline in the past and continuing in the future, estimated to be more than 30% over the three generations, inferred from habitat destruction and degradation.	It is known only from primary and lightly disturbed lowland forest from 800 to 1,200 m asl, this species is probably absent from montane and mossy forest above 1,500 m asl (Heaney et al . 1998), although it is found in upper lowland forest. However, on Mindanao, there is not much suitable habitat remaining and where it does occur, it is in areas of human conflict (L. Heaney pers. comm. 2006). In Malaysia the species is found in primary forest foraging in the canopy (T. Kingston pers. comm. 2006). In Sumatra it has been found in mixed gardens (U. Sinanga pers. comm. 2006).	In the Philippines, the species is confined to rapidly-disappearing lowland forest on Mindanao (Heaney et al . 1998). It is also subject to forest loss in Malaysia and Sumatra due to agricultural expansion, plantations, logging and fire (T. Kingston and D. Maharadatunkamsi pers. comm. 2006).	Limited information is available on the species’ population status and trends. On Mount Katanglad (Mindanao) individuals were found in second growth forest at 875 m asl, where it was reported that "a fair number were caught". It is considered to be moderately common in suitable habitat and is probably widespread in suitable habitat in Borneo (C. Francis pers. comm. 2006).	Decreasing	This species is found from southwestern Peninsular Malaysia to northern Borneo (Francis 1989) and the Philippines (Heaney et al . 1998), where it has been recorded only on Mindanao Island (Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Misamis Oriental, South Cotabato, and Zamboanga del Sur provinces). Maharadatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002) also list this species from two localities, Jambi and Riau districts in Sumatra, Indonesia.		Terrestrial	The species occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, it appears to be present in Bukit Tigapuluh National Park on Sumatra.	Indomalayan		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Ptenochirus		wetmorei	Taylor	1934	1	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila	p. 191	Mindanao Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Cotabato near Tatayan.	Minanao Isl (Philippines)	Not listed.	Vulnerable as Megaerops wetmorei 	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei , placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus . See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).	Ptenochirus wetmorei	1004387	23	Mindanao Fruit Bat	White-collared Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	CYNOPTERINAE	CYNOPTERINI	Ptenochirus	NA	wetmorei	E. H. Taylor	1934	1	Megaerops_wetmorei	Taylor, E. H. (1934). Philippine land mammals. Monographs of the Bureau of Science (Manila), 30, 191.		AMNH 241710		Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines.			wetmorei (E. H. Taylor, 1934)	moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus	Almeida, F. C., Simmons, N. B., & Giannini, N. P. (2020). A Species-level Phylogeny of Old World Fruit Bats with a New Higher-level Classification of the Family Pteropodidae. American Museum Novitates, 3950, 1-24.				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	VU	0	0	0	Ptenochirus_wetmorei	0	sciname match	Megaerops_wetmorei	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Ptenochirus_wetmorei	1004387	23	Mindanao Fruit Bat	White-collared Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Cynopterinae	Cynopterini	Ptenochirus	NA	wetmorei	E. H. Taylor	1	Megaerops wetmorei	Taylor, E.H. 1934-06-30. Philippine land mammals. Monographs of the Bureau of Science 30:1-548.		AMNH M-241710	holotype	http://portal.vertnet.org/o/amnh/mammals?id=urn-catalog-amnh-mammals-m-241710	Cotabato near Tatayan, Mindanao Island, Philippines.			moved from Megaerops to Ptenochirus	Almeida, F. C., Simmons, N. B., & Giannini, N. P. (2020). A Species-level Phylogeny of Old World Fruit Bats with a New Higher-level Classification of the Family Pteropodidae. American Museum Novitates, 3950, 1-24.				Philippines	Asia	Indomalaya	VU (as Megaerops wetmorei)	0	0	0	Ptenochirus_wetmorei	0	sciname match	Megaerops_wetmorei	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Ptenochirus		wetmorei	Taylor	1934	1	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila	p. 191	Mindanao Fruit Bat	None.	Philippines, Mindanao Isl, Cotabato near Tatayan.	Minanao Isl (Philippines)	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12948/3401295/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable as Megaerops wetmorei</a>	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002). Giannini (2019) transferred albicollis from synonymy with Megaerops wetmorei, placing wetmorei into Ptenochirus. See also Almeida et al. (2009, 2020).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Ptenochirus wetmorei; Ptenochirus wetmorei; Ptenochirus wetmorei; Megaerops wetmorei; Ptenochirus wetmorei; wetmorei; Cynoptéere de Wetmore; Mindanao-Moschusflughund; Ptenoguiro de Wetmore; \White-collared Fruit Bat; Mindanao Fruit Bat; White-collared Fruit Bat; Mindanao Fruit Bat; P. wetmorei