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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L124	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Centronycteris maximiliani [synonym of]	Centronycteris maximiliani centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris centralis		[MSW3] Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998).; [HMW] Centronycteris centralis Thomas, 1912 , “ Bogava , Chiriqui , Panama .” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020); [IUCN] This species was formerly included in maximiliani but is clearly distinct; see Simmons and Handley (1998).; [batnames2023] Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020); [batnames2025_1.7] Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020), but the species has been confirmed in this country by acoustic sampling (see Espinal et al. 2021).														centralis	This species was formerly included in maximiliani but is clearly distinct; see Simmons and Handley (1998).			centralis	centralis			centralis O. Thomas, 1912						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae		Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris		centralis	Thomas		1912		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8	10		638		Thomas's Shaggy Bat	Panama, Chiriquí, Bogava.	S Mexico to SE Peru.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998).	03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Emballorunidae.pdf.imd	hash://md5/ffecff8affcf4c04ffa53577fff8ffe9	370	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/D5/87/03D587F2FFDA4C11FF723C6DF706FBF5.xml	Centronycteris centralis	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris	centralis	Thomas	1912	Thomas’s Shaggy Bat @en | Centronyctère de Thomas @fr | Thomas-Spornscheidenschwanz @de | Centronicteriode Thomas @es	Centronycteris centralis Thomas, 1912 , “ Bogava , Chiriqui , Panama .” This species is monotypic.	Along Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean versants of S Mexico through Central America to SE Peru and NW Bolivia, in S Costa Rica and Panama it ranges on Pacific and Caribbean slopes.	Head-body 42 - 59 mm, tail 18-40 mm, ear 17-20 mm, hindfoot 7-9 mm, forearm 42-9-49 mm; weight 4 - 6 g. Fur of Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is long and shaggy; dorsum is dull yellow-brown, orange-brown, or gray-brown becoming orange-brown on rump; and venter is graybrown and paler than dorsum. Ear rises above crown (11-20 mm), and inner surface of pinna is ribbed. Facial skin and flight membranes are black. Uropatagium is long and well haired at base; when fully extended, it is longer than legs. Calcar is long and supports trailing edge of extended uropatagium. Wings attach to feet at metacarpalphalangeal joint of toes. Dental formula of the two species of Centronycteris is I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 32.	Mature rainforests, semideciduous forests, and secondary forests. In Panama, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat occurs in ridge top cloud forest up to elevations of 1450 m.	Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is insectivorous. It forages while flying back and forth along a route, with slow, deliberate, fluttering flight, and often along natural and man-made pathways. It preys on aerial insects in moderately cluttered to open forest habitats within understories and over flowing creeks. Based on direct observations, it forages 2-5-5 m aboveground. Most identifiable stomach remains in a female from a swamp forest in lowland Costa Rica contained planthoppers (Fulgoroidea, Homop tera) but also at least two different beetles ( Coleoptera ), one of which was probably a leaf-beetle ( Chrysomelidae ), and parts tentatively identified as orthopteran. No scales or other evidence of lepidopterans were present. Based on generalized behavior of these prey, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat might feed by gleaning insects from surfaces ofleaves and branches, taking slow-flying insects on the wing, or using a combination of these two strategies.	North of the equator, female Thomas’s Shaggy Bats are pregnant in late April to mid-May in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A non-pregnant female from Costa Rica was reported in February . South of the equator in south-eastern Peru, a pregnant female was reported in late September, and a lactating female in November. In Ecuador, a female with a small, 9-mm embryo was reported in February. Although information is scant, parturition in South America might occur twice a year.	Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is crepuscular and roosts in hollow trees and on tree trunks in forest understories. It emerges to forage in late afternoon and continues foraging into early night. Several individuals were observed foraging within sight of each other along a cleared telegraph right-of-way in Nicaragua.	Several observations of Thomas’s Shaggy Bats using specific foraging areas over multiple nights suggested that they established core foraging areas in their home ranges.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Thomas’s Shaggy Bat has a large distribution but is represented by very few specimens. Very little is known about its life history and ecology. Although it occurs in some protected areas and likely occurs in others, it does not have targeted management plans or specific protection except in Mexico.	Alberico et al. (2000) | Albuja (1999) | Baker & Jones (1975) | Eisenberg (1989) | Emmons & Feer (1997) | Hice & Solari (2002) | Reid (2009) | Simmons & Handley (1998) | Starrett & Casebeer (1968) | Timm et al. (1989) | Woodman (2003)	https://zenodo.org/record/3747993/files/figure.png	47 . Thomas’s Shaggy Bat Centronycteris centralis French: Centronyctère de Thomas/ German: Thomas-Spornscheidenschwanz / Spanish: Centronicterio de Thomas Taxonomy . Centronycteris centralis Thomas, 1912 , “ Bogava , Chiriqui , Panama .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Along Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean versants of S Mexico through Central America to SE Peru and NW Bolivia, in S Costa Rica and Panama it ranges on Pacific and Caribbean slopes. Descriptive notes. Head-body 42 - 59 mm, tail 18-40 mm, ear 17-20 mm, hindfoot 7-9 mm, forearm 42-9-49 mm; weight 4 - 6 g. Fur of Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is long and shaggy; dorsum is dull yellow-brown, orange-brown, or gray-brown becoming orange-brown on rump; and venter is graybrown and paler than dorsum. Ear rises above crown (11-20 mm), and inner surface of pinna is ribbed. Facial skin and flight membranes are black. Uropatagium is long and well haired at base; when fully extended, it is longer than legs. Calcar is long and supports trailing edge of extended uropatagium. Wings attach to feet at metacarpalphalangeal joint of toes. Dental formula of the two species of Centronycteris is I 1/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 ( x 2) = 32. Habitat . Mature rainforests, semideciduous forests, and secondary forests. In Panama, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat occurs in ridge top cloud forest up to elevations of 1450 m. Food and Feeding . Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is insectivorous. It forages while flying back and forth along a route, with slow, deliberate, fluttering flight, and often along natural and man-made pathways. It preys on aerial insects in moderately cluttered to open forest habitats within understories and over flowing creeks. Based on direct observations, it forages 2-5-5 m aboveground. Most identifiable stomach remains in a female from a swamp forest in lowland Costa Rica contained planthoppers (Fulgoroidea, Homop tera) but also at least two different beetles ( Coleoptera ), one of which was probably a leaf-beetle ( Chrysomelidae ), and parts tentatively identified as orthopteran. No scales or other evidence of lepidopterans were present. Based on generalized behavior of these prey, Thomas’s Shaggy Bat might feed by gleaning insects from surfaces ofleaves and branches, taking slow-flying insects on the wing, or using a combination of these two strategies. Breeding . North of the equator, female Thomas’s Shaggy Bats are pregnant in late April to mid-May in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. A non-pregnant female from Costa Rica was reported in February . South of the equator in south-eastern Peru, a pregnant female was reported in late September, and a lactating female in November. In Ecuador, a female with a small, 9-mm embryo was reported in February. Although information is scant, parturition in South America might occur twice a year. Activity patterns. Thomas’s Shaggy Bat is crepuscular and roosts in hollow trees and on tree trunks in forest understories. It emerges to forage in late afternoon and continues foraging into early night. Several individuals were observed foraging within sight of each other along a cleared telegraph right-of-way in Nicaragua. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Several observations of Thomas’s Shaggy Bats using specific foraging areas over multiple nights suggested that they established core foraging areas in their home ranges. Status and Conservation . Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Thomas’s Shaggy Bat has a large distribution but is represented by very few specimens. Very little is known about its life history and ecology. Although it occurs in some protected areas and likely occurs in others, it does not have targeted management plans or specific protection except in Mexico. Bibliography. Alberico eta /. (2000), Albuja (1999), Baker & Jones (1975), Eisenberg (1989), Emmons & Feer (1997), Hice & Solari (2002), Reid (2009), Simmons & Handley (1998), Starrett & Casebeer (1968), Timm et al. (1989), Woodman (2003).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris centralis	Centronycteris		centralis	Thomas	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 10: 638	Thomas's Shaggy Bat	None.	Panama, Chiriqu&iacute;, Bogava.	S Mexico to SE Peru. Unvouchered: Honduras	Not listed.	Least Concern	Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020)	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Centronycteris centralis	23	Thomas's Shaggy Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	EMBALLONURIDAE	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Centronycteris	NA	centralis	O. Thomas	1912	0	Centronycteris_centralis	Thomas, O. (1912). New Centronycteris and Ctenomys from S. America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.8, 10, 638.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53333#page/674/mode/1up	BM 1900.7.11.3		"Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama."			centralis O. Thomas, 1912	NA	NA	Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_centralis	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_centralis	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136350	Centronycteris centralis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	EMBALLONURIDAE	Centronycteris	centralis	Thomas, 1912	This species was formerly included in maximiliani but is clearly distinct; see Simmons and Handley (1998).	20000000	Centronycteris centralis	Least Concern		2015	2015-07-20 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, as the population is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category, as there are no major threats and as it occurs in a number of protected areas.	This species is poorly known. It is found in mature rainforests, semi-deciduous forests and secondary forests. It tends to roost in hollow trees and on tree trunks. It appears to be a slow flier and has a rather regular pattern of foraging in its home range, a feature shared with other emballonurids. It forages in beats, with a slow, deliberatre and fluttering flight. It has been noted flying in the late afternoon and ;individuals may patrol the same area repeatedly (Eisenberg 1989, Emmons and Feer 1997, Reid 1997, Timm ;et al. ;1989). ;Pregnant females have been noted in May.	Local level deforestation is the main threat.	It is apparently rare everywhere in its geographic range (Emmons and Feer 1997, Reid 1997). It is abundant in intact habitat, but restricted by the quality of the forest (Miller pers. comm.)	Unknown	This species can be found in areas between southern Mexico and southeastern Peru (Simmons 2005). There are records from Bolivia (GMA Andes) and at ;Rio Ure, Cordoba, Colombia (Mantilla pers. comm.). It is found between zero to 500 m asl (Alberico et al.  2000).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	Although it is known to occur in some protected areas and likely to occur in others within its range, this species is not the target of management plans and actions. In Mexico is listed as subject to special protection under NOM - 059 - SEMARNAT - 2001 (as Centronycteris maximiliani ; Arroyo-Cabrales pers. comm.).	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris		centralis	Thomas	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 10: 638	Thomas's Shaggy Bat	None.	Panama, Chiriqu&iacute;, Bogava.	S Mexico to SE Peru. Unvouchered: Honduras	Not listed.	Least Concern	Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020)	Centronycteris centralis	1004779	23	Thomas's Shaggy Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	EMBALLONUROIDEA	Emballonuridae	EMBALLONURINAE	DICLIDURINI	Centronycteris	NA	centralis	O. Thomas	1912	0	Centronycteris_centralis	Thomas, O. (1912). New Centronycteris and Ctenomys from S. America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.8, 10, 638.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53333#page/674/mode/1up	BM 1900.7.11.3		"Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama."			centralis O. Thomas, 1912	NA	NA				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_centralis	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_centralis	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Centronycteris_centralis	1004779	23	Thomas's Shaggy Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Emballonuroidea	Emballonuridae	Emballonurinae	Diclidurini	Centronycteris	NA	centralis	O. Thomas	0	Centronycteris centralis	Thomas, O. 1912-12-01. New _Centronycteris_ and _Ctenomys_ from S. America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)10(60):638-640.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18640709	BMNH:Mamm:1900.7.11.3	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/e91a7c3c-b3bb-4414-b85c-9179e56e7fdb	"Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama."	8.483333	-82.6167	NA	NA				Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras|Nicaragua|Costa Rica|Panama|Venezuela|Colombia|Ecuador|Peru|Brazil|Bolivia	North America|South America	Neotropic	LC	0	0	0	Centronycteris_centralis	0	sciname match	Centronycteris_centralis	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Emballonuridae	Centronycteris		centralis	Thomas	1912	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 8, 10: 638	Thomas's Shaggy Bat	None.	Panama, Chiriqu&iacute;, Bogava.	S Mexico to SE Peru. Unvouchered: Honduras	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136350/22023809/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998). There are no vouchered records of the species from Honduras (see Turcios-Casco et al., 2020), but the species has been confirmed in this country by acoustic sampling (see Espinal et al. 2021).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Centronycteris centralis; Centronycteris centralis; Centronycteris centralis; Centronycteris centralis; Centronycteris centralis; Centronycteris centralis; centralis; Thomas’s Shaggy Bat; Centronyctère de Thomas; Thomas-Spornscheidenschwanz; Centronicteriode Thomas; Thomas's Shaggy Bat; Thomas's Shaggy Bat; Thomas's Shaggy Bat; C. centralis