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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1220	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Eptesicus brunneus	Eptesicus brunneus	Pipistrellus brunneus	Eptesicus brunneus	Pipistrellus brunneus	Neoromicia brunneus	Neoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Neoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia brunnea		[MSW2] Subgenus Neoromicia.; [HMW] Vesperugo (Vesperus) brunneus Thomas, 1880 , Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria . Placed in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Neoromicia brunnea has been suggested to be close to N. rendalli and N. nanus . Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis , which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).; [MDD2022] moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia; [batnames2023] Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis , which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).; [MDD2023] moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia; [batnames2025_1.7] Previously included in Neoromicia; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis, which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia														brunnea				brunnea 	brunnea 			brunnea (O. Thomas, 1880)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Dark brown serotine	Ivory Coast – C Zaire	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Eptesicus brunneus	Nigeria, Eastern region, Calabar.	Thomas	1880	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 6:165.	Distribution: Known only from a few localities in the West African forest belt (Ivory Coast to northwestern Zaire).		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Dark brown serotine	Liberia – C Zaire; ref. 4.144	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Thomas	1880	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 6:165.	Subgenus Neoromicia.	Liberia to Zaire.	Nigeria, Eastern region. Calabar.		THOMAS	1880	Braincase relatively high. Size medium (forearm length, 34-37 mm).	Distribution: Known only from a few localities in the West African forest belt (Ivory Coast to northwestern Zaire).	No subspecies.		117	species	P. brunneus	THOMAS	1880	Neoromicia	subgenus	Pipistrellus brunneus				Braincase relatively high. Size medium (forearm length, 34-37 mm).	No subspecies.		57. P. brunneus (THOMAS 1880) [capensis group].	57	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Neoromicia brunneus	Neoromicia		brunneus	Thomas	y	1880		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5	6		165		Dark-brown Pipistrelle	Nigeria, Eastern region, Calabar.	Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus brunneus.			4C3D87E8FFBB6A05FA5191B91A9AB889	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	822	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFBB6A05FA5191B91A9AB889.xml	Neoromicia brunnea	Vespertilionidae	Neoromicia	brunnea		1880	Vespére brun-noir @fr | Dunkelbraune Zwergfledermaus @de | Neoromicia oscura @es | Brown Pipistrelle Bat @en | Dark-brown Pipistrelle @en | Dark-brown Pipistrelle Bat @en	Vesperugo (Vesperus) brunneus Thomas, 1880 , Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria . Placed in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Neoromicia brunnea has been suggested to be close to N. rendalli and N. nanus . Monotypic.	Sierra Leone E to Republic of the Congo .	Head-body c.43-48 mm, tail 33-46 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 7-9-5 mm, forearm 33-38 mm; weight 4-9 g. Pelage of the Dark-brown Serotine is dense and soft; dorsally varies from medium brown and reddish brown to dark chocolate-brown, with unicolored hairs; ventral pelage is shorter and paler, with hairs blackish brown and tips pale grayish brown or medium brown. Wings are blackish brown, without white hind border. Ears are blackish, and subtriangular, with rounded tips; tragus is ¢.40% of ear length, with anterior margin short and straight, and posterior margin with a sharp angle giving a diagonally truncated appearance. Thumb is comparatively long and slender for a pipistrelle-like bat. Buccal glands are sometimes prominent. Baculum has basal lobes broadest near shaft base in lateral view, tapering to rounded end, and flattened at bottom, giving them a shoe-like appearance. Skull is large and robust (greatest skull lengths 13-14-1 mm); profile of forehead region is weakly concave; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are very weakly developed; and occipital helmetis absent. I? is unicuspid, without accessory cusp at posterior base of tooth; I’ is about one-quarter to one-third height of I*; P* is absent; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 50.	Almost exclusively undisturbed or slightly disturbed lowland rainforests. The Dark-brown Serotine is apparently among the most specialized rainforest vespertilionids. It occupies forested habitats at elevations of 400-520 m in the Mount Nimba area, and up to 1470 m in Cameroon . In rainforest, it has been recorded mainly in evergreen and semideciduous lowland forms, but also in swamp forests and mangroves, as well as riverine forests within a rainforest-savanna mosaic, and a relict forest in the Guinea savanna.	The Dark-brown Serotine probably forages by slow hawking.	In Tai National Park, Ivory Coast , four of five males had scrotal testes between February and March, a female was pregnant in late September, one was lactating in late February, one was lactating in early March, and one was neither lactating nor pregnant in late August. In Banco National Park, south-eastern Ivory Coast , of two females one was pregnant, the other was neither lactating nor pregnant; two males had scrotal testes in mid-September. Near Fintonia, northern Sierra Leone , two females were lactating in late April. Littersize is one.	No information.	In a sample of eight individuals from Tai National Park, ratio of males to females was 1:1-7. In 15 museum specimens from West Africa, ratio was 1:1-5.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Populations seem to be in decline at a rate close to 30% over a ten-year period, due to widespread habitat loss through much ofits range.	Fahr (2008c, 2013f) | Hill & Harrison (1987) | Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2003) | Koopman (1993, 1994) | McBee et al. (1987) | Menu (1987) | Monadjem, Richards & Denys (2016) | Simmons (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398041/files/figure.png	128. Dark-brown Serotine Neoromicia brunnea French: Vespére brun-noir / German: Dunkelbraune Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Neoromicia oscura Other common names: Brown Pipistrelle Bat , Dark-brown Pipistrelle , Dark-brown Pipistrelle Bat Taxonomy. Vesperugo (Vesperus) brunneus Thomas, 1880 , Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria . Placed in Nycterikaupius by H. Menu in 1987. Neoromicia brunnea has been suggested to be close to N. rendalli and N. nanus . Monotypic. Distribution. Sierra Leone E to Republic of the Congo . Descriptive notes. Head-body c.43-48 mm, tail 33-46 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 7-9-5 mm, forearm 33-38 mm; weight 4-9 g. Pelage of the Dark-brown Serotine is dense and soft; dorsally varies from medium brown and reddish brown to dark chocolate-brown, with unicolored hairs; ventral pelage is shorter and paler, with hairs blackish brown and tips pale grayish brown or medium brown. Wings are blackish brown, without white hind border. Ears are blackish, and subtriangular, with rounded tips; tragus is ¢.40% of ear length, with anterior margin short and straight, and posterior margin with a sharp angle giving a diagonally truncated appearance. Thumb is comparatively long and slender for a pipistrelle-like bat. Buccal glands are sometimes prominent. Baculum has basal lobes broadest near shaft base in lateral view, tapering to rounded end, and flattened at bottom, giving them a shoe-like appearance. Skull is large and robust (greatest skull lengths 13-14-1 mm); profile of forehead region is weakly concave; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are very weakly developed; and occipital helmetis absent. I? is unicuspid, without accessory cusp at posterior base of tooth; I’ is about one-quarter to one-third height of I*; P* is absent; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa = 50. Habitat. Almost exclusively undisturbed or slightly disturbed lowland rainforests. The Dark-brown Serotine is apparently among the most specialized rainforest vespertilionids. It occupies forested habitats at elevations of 400-520 m in the Mount Nimba area, and up to 1470 m in Cameroon . In rainforest, it has been recorded mainly in evergreen and semideciduous lowland forms, but also in swamp forests and mangroves, as well as riverine forests within a rainforest-savanna mosaic, and a relict forest in the Guinea savanna. Food and Feeding. The Dark-brown Serotine probably forages by slow hawking. Breeding. In Tai National Park, Ivory Coast , four of five males had scrotal testes between February and March, a female was pregnant in late September, one was lactating in late February, one was lactating in early March, and one was neither lactating nor pregnant in late August. In Banco National Park, south-eastern Ivory Coast , of two females one was pregnant, the other was neither lactating nor pregnant; two males had scrotal testes in mid-September. Near Fintonia, northern Sierra Leone , two females were lactating in late April. Littersize is one. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. In a sample of eight individuals from Tai National Park, ratio of males to females was 1:1-7. In 15 museum specimens from West Africa, ratio was 1:1-5. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Populations seem to be in decline at a rate close to 30% over a ten-year period, due to widespread habitat loss through much ofits range. Bibliography. Fahr (2008c, 2013f), Hill & Harrison (1987), Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2003), Koopman (1993, 1994), McBee et al. (1987), Menu (1987), Monadjem, Richards & Denys (2016), Simmons (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Pseudoromicia brunnea	Pseudoromicia		brunnea	Thomas	1880	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 5, 6: 165	Dark-brown Serotine	None.	Nigeria, Eastern region, Calabar.	Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo.	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Neoromicia brunnea 	Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis , which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pseudoromicia brunnea	23	Dark-brown Serotine	Brown Pipistrelle Bat|Dark-brown Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Pseudoromicia	NA	brunnea	O. Thomas	1880	1	Vesperugo_(Vesperus)_brunneus	Thomas, O. (1880). On bats from Old Calabar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 5, 6, 165.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81219#page/179/mode/1up	BM 1880.7.21.7		Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria.			brunnea (O. Thomas, 1880)	moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia	Monadjem, A., Demos, T. C., Dalton, D. L., Webala, P. W., Musila, S., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., & Patterson, B. D. (2020). A revision of the pipistrelle-like bats (Mammali: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa087.	Sierra Leone|Guinea|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Nigeria|Cameroon|Gabon|Equatorial Guinea|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Neoromicia_brunnea	1	manual	Neoromicia_brunneus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	44917	Neoromicia brunnea	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Neoromicia	brunnea	(Thomas, 1880)		20000000	Neoromicia brunnea	Near Threatened	A4c	2020	2019-06-22 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Neoromicia brunnea is listed as ;Near Threatened as its global population is suspected to have declined by ca 25% over the past 10 years (two generations) and will likely continue to decline at a similar rate over the next 5 years (one generation; generation length: 5 years, Pacifici et al. 2013) making it close to qualifying as threatened under criterion A4c. Its extent of occurrence (EOO), area of occupancy (AOO), and habitat is projected to continue to decline ;due to continuing threats from forest loss and degradation for agricultural use.	This is a highly specialised forest species (Fahr 2013). However, it also may occur in edge habitats, but not outside of rainforest (rather on the edge of the forest and some other habitat). This species is associated with moist tropical lowland rainforest and possibly from tropical dry forest. This species has been recorded almost exclusively in undisturbed to slightly disturbed lowland rainforests, mainly evergreen and semi-deciduous lowland rainforests, swamp forest and mangroves. This species is relatively abundant in appropriate habitat and can be found in disturbed forest. It appears relatively abundant in certain areas: for example, 13 specimens were captured at six localities on the Liberian side of Mount Nimba (Monadjem et al. 2013, 2016). Roosts are unknown, although Sanderson (1940) suggested that they roost in the roofs of disused houses and under the earthy banks of streams.	This species is threatened by deforestation and land degradation resulting from logging operations and land conversion for agricultural use.	Although there are limited data available on the global population for this species, it is suspected to be declining, but currently not at a rate for it to be designated as threatened. It has a very wide distribution and probably occurs across the Upper Guinea region wherever forest patches remain. However, it is never caught in large numbers (usually in ones and twos) and it is not clear if this reflects its social organisation or reflects its population densities.	Decreasing	This species is known from a few widespread localities in West and Central Africa. It ranges from Sierra Leone in the west, to Congo in the east. The distribution is believed to be patchy, as surveys have generally been unable to locate this species outside of its known range.		Terrestrial	There appear to be no conservation measures in place for this species. There is a need to establish and manage suitable protected areas for this species.This species has been recorded from several protected areas including Tai and Comoe National Parks in Ivory Coast and East Nimba Nature Reserve in Liberia. However, due to its habitat specificity, there is a need to establish and manage further suitable protected areas for this species. There is a need for further research to better understand the species distribution and ecology (particularly roosting and foraging requirements) and to identify important areas for this species. Other research needs include: population size and trend data, ecology (i.e. diet, reproduction, roosting requirement) and significant threats.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Pseudoromicia		brunnea	Thomas	1880	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 5, 6: 165	Dark-brown Serotine	None.	Nigeria, Eastern region, Calabar.	Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo.	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Neoromicia brunnea 	Previously included in Neoromicia ; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis , which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).	Pseudoromicia brunnea	1005770	23	Dark-brown Serotine	Brown Pipistrelle Bat|Dark-brown Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	VESPERTILIONINI	Pseudoromicia	NA	brunnea	O. Thomas	1880	1	Vesperugo_(Vesperus)_brunneus	Thomas, O. (1880). On bats from Old Calabar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 5, 6, 165.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81219#page/179/mode/1up	BM 1880.7.21.7		Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria.			brunnea (O. Thomas, 1880)	moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia	Monadjem, A., Demos, T. C., Dalton, D. L., Webala, P. W., Musila, S., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., & Patterson, B. D. (2020). A revision of the pipistrelle-like bats (Mammali: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlaa087.				Sierra Leone|Guinea|Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Nigeria|Cameroon|Gabon|Equatorial Guinea|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Neoromicia_brunnea	1	manual	Neoromicia_brunneus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pseudoromicia_brunnea	1005770	23	Dark-brown Serotine	Brown Pipistrelle Bat|Dark-brown Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Vespertilionini	Pseudoromicia	NA	brunnea	O. Thomas	1	Vesperugo (Vesperus) brunneus	Thomas, O. 1880-08-01. On bats from Old Calabar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5)6(32):164-167.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25170390	BMNH:Mamm:1880.7.21.7	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/198029dc-6a99-41bd-b99f-c170726d1c0b	Calabar, south-eastern Nigeria.			moved from Neoromicia to the recently described Psuedoromicia	Monadjem, A., T. C. Demos, D. L. Dalton, P. W. Webala, S. Musila, J. C. K. Peterhans and B. D. Patterson (2021). A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191(4): 1114–1146.				Sierra Leone|Guinea|Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Ghana|Nigeria|Cameroon|Gabon|Equatorial Guinea|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NT (as Neoromicia brunnea)	0	0	0	Neoromicia_brunnea	1	manual	Neoromicia_brunneus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Pseudoromicia		brunnea	Thomas	1880	1	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.	ser. 5, 6: 165	Dark-brown Serotine	None.	Nigeria, Eastern region, Calabar.	Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44917/22048243/' target='_blank'>Near Threatened as Neoromicia brunnea</a>	Previously included in Neoromicia; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003); Roehers et al. (2010) and Amador et al. (2016). Riucci and Lanza (2009) corrected the name endings of masculine species epithets in Neoromicia but when placed in Laephotis, which is masculine, these endings revert; thus brunnea (feminine) becomes brunneus (masculine).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Neoromicia brunneus; Neoromicia brunnea; Pseudoromicia brunnea; Pseudoromicia brunnea; Neoromicia brunnea; Pseudoromicia brunnea; brunnea; Vespére brun-noir; Dunkelbraune Zwergfledermaus; Neoromicia oscura; Brown Pipistrelle Bat; Dark-brown Pipistrelle; Dark-brown Pipistrelle Bat; Dark-brown Serotine; Brown Pipistrelle Bat; Dark-brown Pipistrelle; Dark-brown Pipistrelle; Dark-brown Serotine; P. brunnea