http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom	http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format	name_CH1_1980	name_MSW1_1982	name_CH3_1991	name_MSW2_1993	name_Koopman_1994	name_MSW3_2005	name_HMW_2019	name_BatNames_2022	name_MDD_2022	name_IUCN_2022	name_BatNames_2023	name_MDD_2023	name_MDD_2025_2.0	name_batnames_2025_1.7	name_MDD_2025_2.2	column151	taxonomic_notes_concatenated	column171	synonyms_CH1	subspecies__MSW2	synonyms__MSW1	synonyms_CH3	synonyms_MSW2	subspecies_Koopman94_interpreted	subspecies_MSW3_interpreted	synonym_MSW3_interpreted	subspecies_HMW_interpreted	synonym_HMW_interpreted	subspecies_batnames_interpreted	synonym_batnames_interpreted	synonym_MDD_interpreted	synonym_IUCN_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_batnames2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2023_interpreted	synonym_MDD2025_interpreted	subspecies_batnames2025_interpreted	synonyms_batnames2025_interpreted	nominalNames	column391	docOrigin_CH1	commonName_CH1	distribution_CH1	docOrigin_MSW1	column451	typeLocality_MSW1	authority_MSW1	year_MSW1	citation_MSW1	distribution	comment_MSW1	docOrigin_CH3	commonName_CH3	distribution_CH3	docOrigin_MSW2	authority_MSW2	year_MSW2	citation_MSW2	comments_MSW2	distribution_MSW2	typeLocality_MSW2	docOrigin_Koopman94	authority_Koopman94	year_Koopman94	description_Koopman94	distribution_Koopman94	diversity_Koopman94	subspecies_Koopman94	page	rank	name	authority	year	parent	parent_rank	corrected_name	actual_species_count	claimed_species_count	dental_formula	description	diversity	full_subspecies_text	name_line	species_index	subspecies	synonym	text	docOrigin_MSW3	order_MSW3	family_MSW3	subfamily_MSW3	tribe_MSW3	name_MSW3	genus_MSW3	subgenus_MSW3	species_MSW3	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3	(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3	authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3	actualDate_MSW3	citation_MSW3	volume_MSW3	issue_MSW3	pages_MSW3	type_species_MSW3	commonName_MSW3	typeLocality_MSW3	distribution_MSW3	status_MSW3	synonym_MSW3	comments_MSW3	docId_HMW	docOrigin_HMW	docISBN_HMW	docName_HMW	docMasterId_HMW	docPageNumber_HMW	derivedFrom_HMW	name_HMW	family_HMW	genus_HMW	species_HMW	authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW	authoritySpeciesYear	commonNames_HMW	taxonomy_HMW	subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW	descriptiveNotes_HMW	habitat_HMW	foodAndFeeding_HMW	breeding_HMW	activityPatterns_HMW	movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW	statusAndConservation_HMW	bibliography_HMW	distributionImageURL_HMW	verbatimText_HMW	docOrigin_batnames	family_batnames	name_batnames	genus_batnames	subgenus_batnames	species_batnames	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames	date_batnames	parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)	citation_batnames	docPageNumber_batnames	common Name_batnames	synonyms_batnames	type_locality_batnames	Distribution_batnames	CITES_batnames	IUCN_batnames	comments_batnames	docOrigin_MDD	name_MDD	phylosort_MDD	mainCommonName_MDD	otherCommonNames_MDD	subclass_MDD	infraclass_MDD	magnorder_MDD	superorder_MDD	order_MDD	suborder_MDD	infraorder_MDD	parvorder_MDD	superfamily_MDD	family_MDD	subfamily_MDD	tribe_MDD	genus_MDD	subgenus_MDD	specificEpithet_MDD	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD	authorityParentheses_MDD	originalNameCombination_MDD	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD	holotypeVoucher_MDD	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD	typeLocality_MDD	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD	nominalNames_MDD	taxonomyNotes_MDD	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD	countryDistribution_MDD	continentDistribution_MDD	biogeographicRealm_MDD	iucnStatus_MDD	extinct_MDD	domestic_MDD	flagged_MDD	CMW_sciName_MDD	diffSinceCMW_MDD	MSW3_matchtype_MDD	MSW3_sciName_MDD	diffSinceMSW3_MDD	docOrigin_IUCN	internalTaxonId_IUCN	NAME_IUCN	kingdomName_IUCN	phylumName_IUCN	className_IUCN	orderName_IUCN	familyName_IUCN	genusName_IUCN	speciesName_IUCN	authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN	taxonomicNotes_IUCN	assessmentId_IUCN	scientificName_IUCN	redlistCategory_IUCN	redlistCriteria_IUCN	yearPublished_IUCN	assessmentDate_IUCN	criteriaVersion_IUCN	language_IUCN	rationale_IUCN	habitat_IUCN	threats_IUCN	population_IUCN	populationTrend_IUCN	range_IUCN	useTrade_IUCN	systems_IUCN	conservationActions_IUCN	realm_IUCN	yearLastSeen_IUCN	possiblyExtinct_IUCN	possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN	scopes_IUCN	docOrigin_batnames2023	FAMILY_batnames2023	GENUS_batnames2023	SUBGENUS_batnames2023	SPECIES_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023	authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023	PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES)	CITATION_batnames2023	PAGES_batnames2023	COMMON NAME_batnames2023	SYNONYMS_batnames2023	TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023	DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023	CITES_batnames2023	IUCN_batnames2023	COMMENTS_batnames2023	name MDD2023	id_MDD2023	phylosort_MDD2023	mainCommonName_MDD2023	otherCommonNames_MDD2023	subclass_MDD2023	infraclass_MDD2023	magnorder_MDD2023	superorder_MDD2023	order_MDD2023	suborder_MDD2023	infraorder_MDD2023	parvorder_MDD2023	superfamily_MDD2023	Family_mdd2023	subfamily_MDD2023	tribe_MDD2023	genus_MDD2023	subgenus_MDD2023	specificEpithet_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023	authorityParentheses_MDD2023	originalNameCombination_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023	authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023	holotypeVoucher_MDD2023	holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023	typeLocality_MDD2023	typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023	typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023	nominalNames_MDD2023	taxonomyNotes_MDD2023	taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023	distributionNotes_MDD2023	distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023	subregionDistribution_MDD2023	countryDistribution_MDD2023	continentDistribution_MDD2023	biogeographicRealm_MDD2023	iucnStatus_MDD2023	extinct_MDD2023	domestic_MDD2023	flagged_MDD2023	CMW_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceCMW_MDD2023	MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023	MSW3_sciName_MDD2023	diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023	docOrigin_MDD2025	sciName	id	phylosort	mainCommonName	otherCommonNames	subclass	infraclass	magnorder	superorder	order	suborder	infraorder	parvorder	superfamily	family	subfamily	tribe	genus	subgenus	specificEpithet	authoritySpeciesAuthor	authorityParentheses	originalNameCombination	authoritySpeciesCitation	authoritySpeciesLink	typeVoucher	typeKind	typeVoucherURIs	typeLocality	typeLocalityLatitude	typeLocalityLongitude	taxonomyNotes	taxonomyNotesCitation	distributionNotes	distributionNotesCitation	subregionDistribution	countryDistribution	continentDistribution	biogeographicRealm	iucnStatus	extinct	domestic	flagged	CMW_sciName	diffSinceCMW	MSW3_matchtype	MSW3_sciName	diffSinceMSW3	docOrigin_batnames2025	Family	Genus	Subgenus	Species	Author	Date	Parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)	Citation	Pages	Common Name	Synonyms	Type Locality	Distribution	CITES	IUCN	Comments	column3781	column3791	subtribe	CONCAT_ALTNAMES
line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1211	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus austriacus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus teneriffae		[MSW2] Synonymizied with A. austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibanez and Fernandez (1985).; [MSW3] Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985).; [HMW] Plecotus teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907 , “Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife],” Canary Islands . Previously included in P. auritus or P. austriacus , but split on morphological grounds. No significant genetic differences were found within the Canary Islands. There are populations of Plecotus along the Senegal River in Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands that were thought to be related to P. teneriffae , but they likely are a distinct species and are not included here under any currently recognized species. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978 c ), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).; [IUCN] The taxonomic status of the species was confirmed by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). There are no significant genetic differences between populations on the different islands (Juste ;et al. ; 2004). Here we refer to P. teneriffae as the population on the Canaries. Northwest African populations previously assigned to teneriffae are currently included in kolombatovici , and Balkan populations are assigned to austriacus .; [batnames2023]  austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978 c ), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).; [batnames2025_1.7] austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).														teneriffae	The taxonomic status of the species was confirmed by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). There are no significant genetic differences between populations on the different islands (Juste ;et al. ; 2004). Here we refer to P. teneriffae as the population on the Canaries. Northwest African populations previously assigned to teneriffae are currently included in kolombatovici , and Balkan populations are assigned to austriacus .			teneriffae	teneriffae			teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907						N/A							Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5		Canary Is; ref. 4.137	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Barret-Hamilton	1907	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 20:520.	Synonymizied with A. austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibanez and Fernandez (1985).	Canary Isis (Spain).	Spain, Canary Isis, Teneriffe Isl.																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus		teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton		1907		Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	20		520		Canary Long-eared Bat	Spain, Canary Isls, Teneriffe Isl.	Canary Isls (Spain).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Vulnerable.		Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985).	4C3D87E8FF966A29FF8495A51F45B160	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	865	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8B9CEC17ABBDF3.xml	Plecotus teneriffae	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus	teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	Oreillard de Tenerife @fr | Teneriffa-Langohr @de | Orejudocanario @es | Canary Big-eared Bat @en | Tenerife Long-eared Bat @en	Plecotus teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907 , “Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife],” Canary Islands . Previously included in P. auritus or P. austriacus , but split on morphological grounds. No significant genetic differences were found within the Canary Islands. There are populations of Plecotus along the Senegal River in Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands that were thought to be related to P. teneriffae , but they likely are a distinct species and are not included here under any currently recognized species. Monotypic.	Canary Is, on Tenerife, La Palma, and El Hierro; probably also La Gomera.	Head—-body 45-55 mm , tail 44-52 mm , ear 33-40 mm , forearm 40- 1-46 mm . Females tend to be larger than males. Fur dark brown or gray on dorsum, and paler bright whitish on belly. It has closer genetic affinities with the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ) than with the Brown Long-eared Bat ( P. auritus ), but morphologically it is very similar to the Brown Long-eared Bat. Dental formula is12/3,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 36.	Coniferous and deciduous or mixed woodlands at elevations of up to 2300 m ; also found in many other habitats, including semi-open and more desertic or rocky areas.	Feeds mostly on Lepidoptera (moths), including Noctua , Euxoa , Agrotis , Caradrina , Paranataelia, Calliteara , Cleora , and Gnophos ; also takes Coleoptera (long-horned beetles) and some Diptera . Main foraging strategy is gleaning, although it can also capture prey by aerial-hawking low down. Occasionally hunts over forest canopy, and over small streams.	Maternity colonies usually harbor a few tens (up to 60). Currently only two breeding colonies are known, and data on reproductive patterns are available from just one cave. On La Palma, pregnant females have been found in May. Females give birth in June, and some young start to fly in July. Mating seemsto start in late September.	Tends to roost in volcanic tubes, caves, and crevices in old houses or in rocky areas; use of tree holes and bat boxes has never been recorded. Uses network of caves and underground sites for resting during night; activity patternsstill poorly known.	Sedentary. Reported to move from main breeding cave to alternative roosts, probably in cliffs of rocky areas. No long movements reported; maximum distances of 5-6 km reported within two islands.	Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Major threats include pesticides, and in 1950s populations declined after widespread aerial fumigation; also habitatloss, and roost disturbance or destruction. Total population may number 500-2000.	Benda, Kiefer et al. (2004) | Benzal & Fajardo (1999) | Dietz & Kiefer (2016) | Hutterer et al. (2005) | Ibanez & Fernandez (1985) | Juste & Alcalde (2016b) | Juste et al. (2004) | Pacifici et al. (2013) | Pestano, Brown, Suarez, Benzal & Fajardo (2003) | Spitzenberger et al. (2006) | Trujillo (2002) | Trujillo & Barone (1991)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398287/files/figure.png	226. Canary Long-eared Bat Plecotus teneriffae French: Oreillard de Tenerife / German: Teneriffa-Langohr / Spanish: Orejudo canario Other common names: Canary Big-eared Bat , Tenerife Long-eared Bat Taxonomy. Plecotus teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907 , “Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife],” Canary Islands . Previously included in P. auritus or P. austriacus , but split on morphological grounds. No significant genetic differences were found within the Canary Islands. There are populations of Plecotus along the Senegal River in Senegal and the Cape Verde Islands that were thought to be related to P. teneriffae , but they likely are a distinct species and are not included here under any currently recognized species. Monotypic. Distribution. Canary Is, on Tenerife, La Palma, and El Hierro; probably also La Gomera. Descriptive notes. Head—-body 45-55 mm , tail 44-52 mm , ear 33-40 mm , forearm 40- 1-46 mm . Females tend to be larger than males. Fur dark brown or gray on dorsum, and paler bright whitish on belly. It has closer genetic affinities with the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ) than with the Brown Long-eared Bat ( P. auritus ), but morphologically it is very similar to the Brown Long-eared Bat. Dental formula is12/3,C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Habitat. Coniferous and deciduous or mixed woodlands at elevations of up to 2300 m ; also found in many other habitats, including semi-open and more desertic or rocky areas. Food and Feeding. Feeds mostly on Lepidoptera (moths), including Noctua , Euxoa , Agrotis , Caradrina , Paranataelia, Calliteara , Cleora , and Gnophos ; also takes Coleoptera (long-horned beetles) and some Diptera . Main foraging strategy is gleaning, although it can also capture prey by aerial-hawking low down. Occasionally hunts over forest canopy, and over small streams. Breeding. Maternity colonies usually harbor a few tens (up to 60). Currently only two breeding colonies are known, and data on reproductive patterns are available from just one cave. On La Palma, pregnant females have been found in May. Females give birth in June, and some young start to fly in July. Mating seemsto start in late September. Activity patterns. Tends to roost in volcanic tubes, caves, and crevices in old houses or in rocky areas; use of tree holes and bat boxes has never been recorded. Uses network of caves and underground sites for resting during night; activity patternsstill poorly known. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Sedentary. Reported to move from main breeding cave to alternative roosts, probably in cliffs of rocky areas. No long movements reported; maximum distances of 5-6 km reported within two islands. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Major threats include pesticides, and in 1950s populations declined after widespread aerial fumigation; also habitatloss, and roost disturbance or destruction. Total population may number 500-2000. Bibliography. Benda, Kiefer et al. (2004), Benzal & Fajardo (1999), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Hutterer et al. (2005), Ibanez & Fernandez (1985), Juste & Alcalde (2016b), Juste et al. (2004), Pacifici et al. (2013), Pestano, Brown, Suarez, Benzal & Fajardo (2003), Spitzenberger et al. (2006), Trujillo (2002), Trujillo & Barone (1991).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus teneriffae	Plecotus		teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	1.1944	Canary Long-eared Bat	None.	Spain, Canary Isls, Teneriffe Isl.	Canary Isls (Spain).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978 c ), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Plecotus teneriffae	23	Canary Long-eared Bat	Canary Big-eared Bat|Tenerife Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	0	Plecotus_teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. (1907). Descriptions of two new species of Plecotus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 20, 520.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78259#page/532/mode/1up	BM 1887.4.18.1		"Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife]," Canary Islands.			teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907	NA	NA	Canary Islands	Africa	Palearctic	VU	0	0	0	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	sciname match	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	200000000	Plecotus teneriffae	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Plecotus	teneriffae	Barret-Hamilton, 1907	The taxonomic status of the species was confirmed by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). There are no significant genetic differences between populations on the different islands (Juste ;et al. ; 2004). Here we refer to P. teneriffae as the population on the Canaries. Northwest African populations previously assigned to teneriffae are currently included in kolombatovici , and Balkan populations are assigned to austriacus .	200000000	Plecotus teneriffae	Vulnerable	B1ab(iii,v)	2022	2016-04-25 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species has an EOO of &lt; 20,000 km<sup>2</sup> ;and it is found ;on three, or possibly four, of the Canary Islands, which are each considered to be a single location based on the threat of habitat decline. It is linked to forest habitats that are shrinking, and recent declines have been recorded in the largest known breeding colony. For these reasons, it is classified as Vulnerable (VU B1ab(iii,v)).	The Canary Big-eared Bat (Plecotus teneriffae ) is highly associated with woodland habitats (coniferous and mixed), although it occasionally forages in more open and arid areas. Its diet consists primarily of moths. Recorded roost sites include volcanic tubes, caves, and crevices in abandoned buildings (<span lang="EN-US">Trujillo 2002). Tree holes and bat or bird boxes are never used (Benzal and Fajardo 1999). The La Palma maternity colony is located in a natural cave. This species is considered to be sedentary (Fajardo and Benzal 2002 in Hutterer et al. 2005).	<span lang="EN-US">The population declined in the 1950s after aerial fumigation for pest control. Current threats include <span lang="EN-US">disturbance of colonies in their roosts,<span lang="EN-US"> use of pesticides on agricultural land near to the forests, loss of woodland habitat, restoration of buildings and the destruction of roost sites (<span lang="EN-US">Trujillo 2002<span lang="EN-US">). The recent decline of the La Palma maternity colony has been attributed to disturbance, and it is known that at least one individual from this colony has been taken by private collectors (<span lang="EN-US">Trujillo 2002<span lang="EN-US">).</span></span></span>	Summer colonies usually consist of 10-30 females (the maximum number recorded is 61). Winter clusters are usually small (c.10 animals), and the species often roosts solitarily at this time of year. There are only two known breeding colonies (on La Palma and Tenerife respectively). The larger of these two (the La Palma colony) has declined in number in recent years (Trujillo 2002).	Decreasing	The Canary Big-eared Bat ;is endemic to the Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Palma, El Hierro and probably also La Gomera), where its Area of Occurrence is less than 3,000 km<sup>2</sup>. It occurs at elevations between 100 and 2,300 m (<span lang="EN-US">Trujillo 2002).	There is no information on the use or trade of this bat.	Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in Spain. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention. It is included in Annex IV of EU Habitats &; Species Directive. A bat protection programme aimed at protecting caves used as roost sites from human disturbance was instigated in 1993 (Benzal and Fajardo 1999). Protection of the species' woodland foraging habitat is also recommended (Trujillo 2002).	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global & Europe	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	1.194444	Canary Long-eared Bat	None.	Spain, Canary Isls, Teneriffe Isl.	Canary Isls (Spain).	Not listed.	Vulnerable	 austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978 c ), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).	Plecotus teneriffae	1005676	23	Canary Long-eared Bat	Canary Big-eared Bat|Tenerife Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	0	Plecotus_teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. (1907). Descriptions of two new species of Plecotus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, 20, 520.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/78259#page/532/mode/1up	BM 1887.4.18.1		"Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife]," Canary Islands.			teneriffae Barrett-Hamilton, 1907	NA	NA				Canary Islands	Africa	Palearctic	VU	0	0	0	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	sciname match	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Plecotus_teneriffae	1005676	23	Canary Long-eared Bat	Canary Big-eared Bat|Tenerife Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus	NA	teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	0	Plecotus teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton, G.E.H. 1907-12-01. Description of two new species of _Plecotus_. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)20(120):520-521.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26413773	BMNH:Mamm:1887.4.18.1	holotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/5df2db1f-fc7f-4020-ae03-0ae164bc984d	"Orotava [= La Orotava], Teneriffe [= Tenerife]," Canary Islands.			NA	NA				Canary Islands	Africa	Palearctic	CR	0	0	0	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	sciname match	Plecotus_teneriffae	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton	1907	0	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7	1.194444	Canary Long-eared Bat	None.	Spain, Canary Isls, Teneriffe Isl.	Canary Isls (Spain).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/215482954/211021391/' target='_blank'>Critically Endangered</a>	austriacus species group. Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), Pestano et al. (2003),Benda et al. (2004), and Juste et al. (2004). May not include gaisleri; see Benda et al. (2004) and Mayer et al. (2007); but seeSpitzenberger et al. (2006).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Plecotus teneriffae; Plecotus teneriffae; Plecotus teneriffae; Plecotus teneriffae; Plecotus teneriffae; Plecotus teneriffae; teneriffae; Oreillard de Tenerife; Teneriffa-Langohr; Orejudocanario; Canary Big-eared Bat; Tenerife Long-eared Bat; Canary Long-eared Bat; Canary Big-eared Bat; Tenerife Long-eared Bat; Canary Long-eared Bat; Canary Long-eared Bat; P. teneriffae