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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1207	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Plecotus auritus [synonym of]	Plecotus austriacus sacrimontis	Plecotus auritus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus sacrimontis		[HMW] Plecotus sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908 , “Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan .” Until recently considered a race of P. aurtus. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).; [MDD2022] split from P. auritus; [IUCN] This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of P. auritus to species status by Spitzenberger et al. (2006).; [batnames2023]  auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).; [MDD2023] split from P. auritus; [MDD2025_2.0] split from P. auritus; [batnames2025_1.7] auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).; [MDD2025_2.2] split from P. auritus														sacrimontis	This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of P. auritus to species status by Spitzenberger et al. (2006).			sacrimontis	sacrimontis, ishisawanus 			sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908|ishisawanus Kishida, 1950 [nomen nudum]						N/A																																								NA																											4C3D87E8FF946A2BFA87930C1665B009	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	868	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF956A2BFA4A901C1D3DB911.xml	Plecotus sacrimontis	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus	sacrimontis	G. M. Allen	1908	Oreillard du Japon @fr | Japan-Langohr @de | Orejudode Japon @es	Plecotus sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908 , “Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan .” Until recently considered a race of P. aurtus. Monotypic.	S Kuril Is (Iturup, Kunashir, and Shikotan) and Japan ( Hokkaido , including Rebun and Rishirito Is, Honshu, and Shikoku).	Head-body 4457- 5 mm , tail 43-54 mm , ear 36-42 mm , hindfoot 10-12: 6 mm , forearm 37.744- 1 mm ; weight 7-4-9- 2 g . Furis soft, woolly, and dense, with two different colorations: dark brown or blackish on dorsum with pale washed brown-gray (yellow or gray) venter; or pale brown on dorsum and ivory on venter. Furis generally long on back, and shorter on venter; hairs are tricolored on back, with dark bases, medium gray bands, and paler tips; hairs on belly are bicolored, with dark basal part and lighttips. There is a conspicuous “mask” of darker fur on face, from nostrils to eyes, with nose and cheeks sparsely furred. Ears long, extending ¢. 20 mm beyond tip of muzzle when laid forward. Muzzle rather narrow; glandular swellings not conspicuous. Wings broad, with membranes thin and semi-transparent, joining foot at base of outertoe. Tibia c. 19 mm long; thumb and claws long. Baculum either Yshaped or Tshaped. Braincase smoothly rounded, large, and low; condylo-basal length c.15- 9 mm ; zygomatic width ¢. 9 mm ; bullae large; auditory bulla is relatively larger than in any other Japanese bat. Dental formula is 1 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50.	Various habitats at elevations of 700-1700 m . The species has been seen flying above a stream in mixed deciduous—coniferous forest, in Japan . In one study, it was notaffected by forest type and was recorded in all surveyed habitats equally, including riparian forest, non-riparian forest, old growth forest, and larch plantations. Unlike other batspecies, it might not positively select riparian habitats due to noise of water, which hinders its hunting capacity.	Fecal analysis revealed mainly nightflying moths ( Pyralidae , Geometridae , Drepanidae , Noctuidae ), as well as neuropterans. This species may hunt using the samestrategy asits European congeners: emitting low-intensity echolocation calls while passively listening to prey-generated sounds. It is apparently specialized in detecting sound of fluttering moths.	Forms breeding colonies. In central Japan , parturitions occurred synchronously from mid- to late June. Females were reproductively active at 1-2 years old.	Uses tree holes, caves, and houses as roosting sites, although it is suspected mainly to forage in forests at night. Has been found roosting not only in trees but also in caves and buildings as day roostsites. Echolocation is characterized by FM-QCF pulsesat ¢.28-30 kHz with a second harmonic usually quite evident at ¢.50-60 kHz. Considered a “whispering” species due to the low intensity at which its calls are emitted.	In central Japan , breeding colonies with 7-33 individuals have been found, composed mainly of mothers, immature females, and young of both sexes; a few adult males were also found. Most banded young males did not return to their natal colony, whereas return rates ofyoung females were 0-78-9%.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fairly widespread, and versatile in terms of roost and habitat selection.	Abe et al. (2005) | Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951) | Funakoshi, Kawaiet al. (2015) | Kawai et al. (2014) | Harada (1973) | Sato et al. (2015) | Spitzenberger et al. (2006) | Suzuki (2012) | Yoshikura, Murata et al. (2009) | Yoshikura, Yasui & Kamijo (2011) | Yoshiyuki (1979b, 1989)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398314/files/figure.png	238. Japanese Long-eared Bat Plecotus sacrimontis French: Oreillard du Japon / German: Japan-Langohr / Spanish: Orejudo de Japon Taxonomy. Plecotus sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908 , “Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan .” Until recently considered a race of P. aurtus. Monotypic. Distribution. S Kuril Is (Iturup, Kunashir, and Shikotan) and Japan ( Hokkaido , including Rebun and Rishirito Is, Honshu, and Shikoku). Descriptive notes. Head-body 4457- 5 mm , tail 43-54 mm , ear 36-42 mm , hindfoot 10-12: 6 mm , forearm 37.744- 1 mm ; weight 7-4-9- 2 g . Furis soft, woolly, and dense, with two different colorations: dark brown or blackish on dorsum with pale washed brown-gray (yellow or gray) venter; or pale brown on dorsum and ivory on venter. Furis generally long on back, and shorter on venter; hairs are tricolored on back, with dark bases, medium gray bands, and paler tips; hairs on belly are bicolored, with dark basal part and lighttips. There is a conspicuous “mask” of darker fur on face, from nostrils to eyes, with nose and cheeks sparsely furred. Ears long, extending ¢. 20 mm beyond tip of muzzle when laid forward. Muzzle rather narrow; glandular swellings not conspicuous. Wings broad, with membranes thin and semi-transparent, joining foot at base of outertoe. Tibia c. 19 mm long; thumb and claws long. Baculum either Yshaped or Tshaped. Braincase smoothly rounded, large, and low; condylo-basal length c.15- 9 mm ; zygomatic width ¢. 9 mm ; bullae large; auditory bulla is relatively larger than in any other Japanese bat. Dental formula is 1 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50. Habitat. Various habitats at elevations of 700-1700 m . The species has been seen flying above a stream in mixed deciduous—coniferous forest, in Japan . In one study, it was notaffected by forest type and was recorded in all surveyed habitats equally, including riparian forest, non-riparian forest, old growth forest, and larch plantations. Unlike other batspecies, it might not positively select riparian habitats due to noise of water, which hinders its hunting capacity. Food and Feeding. Fecal analysis revealed mainly nightflying moths ( Pyralidae , Geometridae , Drepanidae , Noctuidae ), as well as neuropterans. This species may hunt using the samestrategy asits European congeners: emitting low-intensity echolocation calls while passively listening to prey-generated sounds. It is apparently specialized in detecting sound of fluttering moths. Breeding. Forms breeding colonies. In central Japan , parturitions occurred synchronously from mid- to late June. Females were reproductively active at 1-2 years old. Activity patterns. Uses tree holes, caves, and houses as roosting sites, although it is suspected mainly to forage in forests at night. Has been found roosting not only in trees but also in caves and buildings as day roostsites. Echolocation is characterized by FM-QCF pulsesat ¢.28-30 kHz with a second harmonic usually quite evident at ¢.50-60 kHz. Considered a “whispering” species due to the low intensity at which its calls are emitted. Movements, Home range and Social organization. In central Japan , breeding colonies with 7-33 individuals have been found, composed mainly of mothers, immature females, and young of both sexes; a few adult males were also found. Most banded young males did not return to their natal colony, whereas return rates ofyoung females were 0-78-9%. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fairly widespread, and versatile in terms of roost and habitat selection. Bibliography. Abe et al. (2005), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Funakoshi, Kawaiet al. (2015), Kawai et al. (2014), Harada (1973), Sato et al. (2015), Spitzenberger et al. (2006), Suzuki (2012), Yoshikura, Murata et al. (2009), Yoshikura, Yasui & Kamijo (2011), Yoshiyuki (1979b, 1989).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus sacrimontis	Plecotus		sacrimontis	Allen	1908	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	52(3): 50	Japanese Long-eared Bat	None.	Mt. Fuji, Honshu, Japan	Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Isls, Japan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Plecotus sacrimontis	23	Japanese Long-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	sacrimontis	G. M. Allen	1908	0	Plecotus_sacrimontis	Allen, G. M. (1908). Notes on Chiroptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 52, 50.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25494#page/92/mode/1up	MCZ 6932		"Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan."			sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908	split from P. auritus	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.	Japan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_sacrimontis	0	unmatched	NA	1	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136664	Plecotus sacrimontis	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Plecotus	sacrimontis	G.M. Allen, 1908	This taxon was elevated from a subspecies of P. auritus to species status by Spitzenberger et al. (2006).	200000000	Plecotus sacrimontis	Least Concern		2019	2018-08-07 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Confirmed as Least Concern because it is relatively widespread, adaptable and there are no major threats.	This species roosts in caves, tunnels, tree cavities and buildings (Fukui 2015). Maternity colonies consisting of pregnant and immature females form in caves and buildings from April to August in Japan. The size of a maternity colony varies from a few to several dozen individuals (Yoshikura et al. 2009). Parturition occurs in July (Suzuki 1983).	This species is threatened by the loss of forest, as well as cave disturbance throughout its range, although both of these are unlikely to constitute major threats at present.	There is no population information available for this species.	Stable	This species is known from Hokkaido and Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and Rebun and Rishiri Islands in Japan (Fukui 2015). In western Japan (western Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu), the distribution may be limited in high altitude areas. The assignment of the populations from Kunashir and Iturup islands to this species requires clarification.		Terrestrial	On the Japanese Red List, the populations in western Japan are listed as a Threatened Local Population (LP) (Ministry of the Environment 2015).	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		sacrimontis	Allen	1908	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	52(3): 50	Japanese Long-eared Bat	None.	Mt. Fuji, Honshu, Japan	Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Isls, Japan.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).	Plecotus sacrimontis	1005672	23	Japanese Long-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	sacrimontis	G. M. Allen	1908	0	Plecotus_sacrimontis	Allen, G. M. (1908). Notes on Chiroptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 52, 50.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25494#page/92/mode/1up	MCZ 6932		"Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan."			sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908	split from P. auritus	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.				Japan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_sacrimontis	0	unmatched	NA	1	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Plecotus_sacrimontis	1005672	23	Japanese Long-eared Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus	NA	sacrimontis	G. M. Allen	0	Plecotus sacrimontis	Allen, G.M. 1908. Notes on Chiroptera. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 52(3):25-62.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30093026	MCZ:Mamm:6932	holotype	https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Mamm:6932	"Mt. Fuji [Honshu], Japan."			split from P. auritus	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.				Japan	Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_sacrimontis	0	unmatched	NA	1	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		sacrimontis	Allen	1908	0	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.	52(3): 50	Japanese Long-eared Bat	None.	Mt. Fuji, Honshu, Japan	Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu Isls, Japan.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136664/209550809/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	auritus species group. Distinct from auritus; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Plecotus sacrimontis; Plecotus sacrimontis; Plecotus sacrimontis; Plecotus sacrimontis; Plecotus sacrimontis; sacrimontis; Oreillard du Japon; Japan-Langohr; Orejudode Japon; Japanese Long-eared Bat; Japanese Long-eared Bat; P. sacrimontis