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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1203	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	N/A	N/A	N/A	Plecotus austriacus [synonym of]	Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus kolombatovici		[MSW3] Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).; [HMW] Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici Duli¢, 1980 , Korcula Island, Croatia . Previously considered a race of P. austriacus , but raised to full species status based on genetic and morphological differences. Monotypic.; [batnames2022]  austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).; [IUCN] Originally described as a subspecies of Plecotus austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001) for genetics and Tvrtkovic et al. (2005) for morphology.; [batnames2023]  austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).; [batnames2025_1.7] austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).														kolombatovici	Originally described as a subspecies of Plecotus austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001) for genetics and Tvrtkovic et al. (2005) for morphology.			kolombatovici 	kolombatovici 			kolombatovici Đulić, 1980						N/A																																								NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus		kolombatovici	Dulic		1980		Proc. 5th Internat. Bat Res. Conf., (D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas Tech Press.			159		Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	Croatia, Dalmatia, Korcula Isl., 2.5 km NW Zrnovo, 276 m.	Croatia and nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea.	IUCN 2003 – Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).	4C3D87E8FF966A2AFA919F811B48B937	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	866	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF976A28FA56944117BDB2C8.xml	Plecotus kolombatovici	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus	kolombatovici	Duli¢	1980	Oreillard des Balkans @fr | Mittelmeer Langohr @de | Orejudode los Balcanes @es | Balkan Long-eared Bat @en | Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat @en	Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici Duli¢, 1980 , Korcula Island, Croatia . Previously considered a race of P. austriacus , but raised to full species status based on genetic and morphological differences. Monotypic.	S Balkans along Adriatic coast, Greece , S Turkey , NW Syria , Lebanon ; also some Mediterranean Is (Pantelleria [tentatively], Crete, Rhodes and Cyprus ); probably also Israel , Palestine , and Jordan .	Head—body 42-54 mm ,tail 42-48 mm , ear 29-35 mm , forearm 36— 39 mm ; weight c. 7 g . Males have shorter forearm (under 38 mm ) than females (up to 39 mm ). Forearm averages shorter than in the Brown Long-eared Bat ( P. auritus ), the Alpine Long-eared Bat ( P. macrobullaris ), and the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ), but claws are as short as in the last of these. Tibia under 18 mm long. Dorsal fur (11- 12- 5 mm long) is very dense and brownish, drab or sand-colored, with hairs tricolored; ventral fur ( 7-11 mm ) whitish, hairs bicolored, with dark bases and whitish or grayish tips. Pelage covers face and chin almost completely (diagnostic for the species); snout dark and small with small protuberances around mouth, all covered with short hair. Wings almost transparent, weakly pigmented. Unlike congeners, vibrissae absent on feet. Penis rounded or club-shaped, which is also diagnostic from congeners. Skull relatively small, with two well-developed ridges separated by groove on anterior part, as in the Gray Long-eared Bat; rostrum short.	Highly adaptable to different habitats, from forest and woodland to open and semi-open areas, such as agricultural fields and shrubland. Has been found over small brackish streams and in organic olive groves, and reported from karstic areas along Mediterranean coast. In Croatia , found from sea level up to 800 m , especially in xerophilous habitats.	Feeds mainly on Lepidoptera (moths), Coleoptera (beetles), and Diptera (flies), by gleaning and aerial-hawking. Has been seen foraging in the open, hunting over bushes and forest clearings, in mannersimilar to the Gray Long-eared Bat.	Maternity colonies said to range from a few tens to more than a hundred females, roosting in rocky crevices and old buildings. Sometimes in mixed colonies with other species.	Roosts in caves, cracks in walls, and rock crevices. In Albania , uses bunkers as roost sites all year long, even during breeding season.	Tends to shift roosts in winter; roosts individually or in small clusters of a few bats, in caves, mines, and trees.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No population estimates exist but the species is widespread and opportunistic in terms of habitat selection. Populations in Europe might be decreasing. Major threats in Europe may include roost disturbance by tourists; also pesticides.	Benda, Kiefer et al. (2004) | Davy et al. (2007) | Dietz & von Helversen (2004) | Dietz & Kiefer (2016) | Hutson, Aulagnier, Juste et al. (2008) | Juste et al. (2004) | Kiefer (2007) | Kiefer et al. (2002) | Krystufek & Vohralik (2001) | Pavlini¢ & Tvrtkovi¢ (2004) | Spitzenberger, Haring & Tvrtkovi¢ (2002) | Spitzenberger, Pidlek & Haring (2001) | Spitzenberger, Strelkov et al. (2006) | Théou & Loce (2017) | Tvrtkovi¢ et al. (2005)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398293/files/figure.png	229. Mediterranean Long-eared Bat Plecotus kolombatovici French: Oreillard des Balkans / German: MittelmeerLangohr / Spanish: Orejudo de los Balcanes Other common names: Balkan Long-eared Bat , Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat Taxonomy. Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici Duli¢, 1980 , Korcula Island, Croatia . Previously considered a race of P. austriacus , but raised to full species status based on genetic and morphological differences. Monotypic. Distribution. S Balkans along Adriatic coast, Greece , S Turkey , NW Syria , Lebanon ; also some Mediterranean Is (Pantelleria [tentatively], Crete, Rhodes and Cyprus ); probably also Israel , Palestine , and Jordan . Descriptive notes. Head—body 42-54 mm ,tail 42-48 mm , ear 29-35 mm , forearm 36— 39 mm ; weight c. 7 g . Males have shorter forearm (under 38 mm ) than females (up to 39 mm ). Forearm averages shorter than in the Brown Long-eared Bat ( P. auritus ), the Alpine Long-eared Bat ( P. macrobullaris ), and the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ), but claws are as short as in the last of these. Tibia under 18 mm long. Dorsal fur (11- 12- 5 mm long) is very dense and brownish, drab or sand-colored, with hairs tricolored; ventral fur ( 7-11 mm ) whitish, hairs bicolored, with dark bases and whitish or grayish tips. Pelage covers face and chin almost completely (diagnostic for the species); snout dark and small with small protuberances around mouth, all covered with short hair. Wings almost transparent, weakly pigmented. Unlike congeners, vibrissae absent on feet. Penis rounded or club-shaped, which is also diagnostic from congeners. Skull relatively small, with two well-developed ridges separated by groove on anterior part, as in the Gray Long-eared Bat; rostrum short. Habitat. Highly adaptable to different habitats, from forest and woodland to open and semi-open areas, such as agricultural fields and shrubland. Has been found over small brackish streams and in organic olive groves, and reported from karstic areas along Mediterranean coast. In Croatia , found from sea level up to 800 m , especially in xerophilous habitats. Food and Feeding. Feeds mainly on Lepidoptera (moths), Coleoptera (beetles), and Diptera (flies), by gleaning and aerial-hawking. Has been seen foraging in the open, hunting over bushes and forest clearings, in mannersimilar to the Gray Long-eared Bat. Breeding. Maternity colonies said to range from a few tens to more than a hundred females, roosting in rocky crevices and old buildings. Sometimes in mixed colonies with other species. Activity patterns. Roosts in caves, cracks in walls, and rock crevices. In Albania , uses bunkers as roost sites all year long, even during breeding season. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Tends to shift roosts in winter; roosts individually or in small clusters of a few bats, in caves, mines, and trees. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. No population estimates exist but the species is widespread and opportunistic in terms of habitat selection. Populations in Europe might be decreasing. Major threats in Europe may include roost disturbance by tourists; also pesticides. Bibliography. Benda, Kiefer et al. (2004), Davy et al. (2007), Dietz & von Helversen (2004), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Hutson, Aulagnier, Juste et al. (2008), Juste et al. (2004), Kiefer (2007), Kiefer et al. (2002), Krystufek & Vohralik (2001), Pavlini¢ & Tvrtkovi¢ (2004), Spitzenberger, Haring & Tvrtkovi¢ (2002), Spitzenberger, Pidlek & Haring (2001), Spitzenberger, Strelkov et al. (2006), Théou & Loce (2017), Tvrtkovi¢ et al. (2005).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus kolombatovici	Plecotus		kolombatovici	Dulic	1980	0	Proc. 5th Internat. Bat Res. Conf., (D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas Tech Press.	p. 159	Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	None.	Croatia, Dalmatia, Korcula Isl., 2.5 km NW Zrnovo, 276 m.	Croatia and nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea; Turkey, and Greece; Libya; Morocco through Tunisia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Plecotus kolombatovici	23	Mediterranean Long-eared Bat	Balkan Long-eared Bat|Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	kolombatovici	Dulić	1980	0	Plecotus_austriacus_kolombatovici	Dulić, B. (1980). Morphological characteristics and distribution of Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus in some regions of Yugoslavia. In D. Wilson & A. Gardner (Eds.) Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference, Texas Tech Press, Lubbock.		ZIUZ 3007		Korčula Island, Croatia.			kolombatovici Dulić, 1980	NA	NA	Italy|Croatia|Serbia?|Bosnia & Herzegovina?|Montenegro?|Albania|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel?|Palestine?|Jordan?	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	sciname match	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	136473	Plecotus kolombatovici	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Plecotus	kolombatovici	Dulic, 1980	Originally described as a subspecies of Plecotus austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001) for genetics and Tvrtkovic et al. (2005) for morphology.	4000000	Plecotus kolombatovici	Least Concern		2008	2008-06-30 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Least Concern. The species range is wide and the species uses a variety of habitats. Population trend has not been quantified, but it does not appear to be declining at a fast rate in North Africa.	It forages in a variety of open and semi-closed habitats, mainly steppe but also agricultural landscapes in both lowland and mountain areas. It often forages over small water bodies. It feeds predominantly on moths, but also takes beetles and flies. Summer roosts are primarily rocky cavities, but also dark areas of old monuments, ruins, caverns and buildings. Winter roosts are located in buildings, mines, caves, wells, and trees.	Pesticides and roost disturbance have a negative impact on the species, but are not thought to be causing significant population declines at the global level. However, in Europe, where this species is largely restricted to coastal areas, disturbance of roost sites by tourists may be a major threat.	Little is known about population size and trends in this species, although it is regarded as relatively common in North Africa. In Europe, the total population is estimated at fewer than 10,000 mature individuals, and it is suspected that the population may be declining. Summer colonies usually number 10-30 females, although a breeding colony of 120 females was found in a building in Croatia (F. Spitzenberger pers. comm. 2006). Winter clusters are smaller (10 individuals), and the species is often solitary at this time of year (S. Aulagnier pers. comm. 2007). It was thought that European, African and southwest Asian populations were isolated from each other, but range extensions as a result of recent records indicate that they might not be as isolated as was previously thought.	Decreasing	Plecotus kolombatovici is a Mediterranean endemic with its distribution fragmented into three parts: southern regions of the Balkans and Asia Minor (Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon and probably into Israel, Palestine and Jordan), northeast Libya (Cyrenaica) and northwest Africa from Morocco to northwest Libya, it was found in Malta and Pantellaria (Spitzenberger et al. 2006). It occurs from sea level to higher altitudes in the Rif and Atlas mountains.		Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in most range states. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Bonn Convention (Eurobats) and Bern Convention in those parts of the range where these apply. It is included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive, and there is some habitat protection through Natura 2000. Recommended actions include monitoring population trends and minimising or preventing disturbance to roost sites in Europe.	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global & Mediterranean	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		kolombatovici	Dulic	1980	0	Proc. 5th Internat. Bat Res. Conf., (D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas Tech Press.	p. 159	Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	None.	Croatia, Dalmatia, Korcula Isl., 2.5 km NW Zrnovo, 276 m.	Croatia and nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea; Turkey, and Greece; Libya; Morocco through Tunisia.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus , but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001 a ),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).	Plecotus kolombatovici	1005668	23	Mediterranean Long-eared Bat	Balkan Long-eared Bat|Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	kolombatovici	Đulić	1980	0	Plecotus_austriacus_kolombatovici	Đulić, B. (1980). Morphological characteristics and distribution of Plecotus auritus and Plecotus austriacus in some regions of Yugoslavia. In D. Wilson & A. Gardner (Eds.) Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference, Texas Tech Press, Lubbock.		ZIUZ 3007		Korčula Island, Croatia.			kolombatovici Đulić, 1980	NA	NA				Italy|Croatia|Serbia?|Bosnia & Herzegovina?|Montenegro?|Albania|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel?|Palestine?|Jordan?	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	sciname match	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Plecotus_kolombatovici	1005668	23	Mediterranean Long-eared Bat	Balkan Long-eared Bat|Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus	NA	kolombatovici	Đulić	0	Plecotus austriacus kolombatovici	Đulić, B. 1980. Morphological characteristics and distribution of _Plecotus auritus_ and _Plecotus austriacus_ in some regions of Yugoslavia. Pp. 151–161 in Wilson, D.E. and Gardner, A.L. (eds.). Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock.		UZDZ 3007	holotype		Korčula Island, Croatia.			NA	NA				Italy|Croatia|Serbia?|Bosnia and Herzegovina?|Montenegro?|Albania|Greece|Turkey|Cyprus|Syria|Lebanon|Israel?|Palestine?|Jordan?	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	sciname match	Plecotus_kolombatovici	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		kolombatovici	Dulic	1980	0	Proc. 5th Internat. Bat Res. Conf., (D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas Tech Press.	p. 159	Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat	None.	Croatia, Dalmatia, Korcula Isl., 2.5 km NW Zrnovo, 276 m.	Croatia and nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea; Turkey, and Greece; Libya; Morocco through Tunisia.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/216518463/21985806/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	austriacus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a),Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Plecotus kolombatovici; Plecotus kolombatovici; Plecotus kolombatovici; Plecotus kolombatovici; Plecotus kolombatovici; Plecotus kolombatovici; kolombatovici; Oreillard des Balkans; Mittelmeer Langohr; Orejudode los Balcanes; Balkan Long-eared Bat; Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat; Mediterranean Long-eared Bat; Balkan Long-eared Bat; Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat; Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat; Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat; P. kolombatovici