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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L121	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	N/A	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris ophiodon		[HMW] Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle, 1943 , Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon . Until recently, ophiodon was included in Scotonycteris , but it was moved to Casinycteris based on analyses of morphology and cytochrome-b sequences. Sequences differed by 14:4% between ophiodon and S. zenkeriand 7-7% and 8-4% between ophiodon and C. argynnis and C. campomaanenss, respectively. Monotypic.; [batnames2022] Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).; [MDD2022] moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris; [batnames2023] Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).; [MDD2023] moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris; [batnames2025_1.7] Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris						cansdalei.			cansdalei			ophiodon	ophiodon - cansdalei	ophiodon, cansdalei		ophiodon	ophiodon - cansdalei	ophiodon, cansdalei	ophiodon, cansdalei	ophiodon 	ophiodon - cansdalei	ophiodon (Pohle, 1943)|cansdalei (Hayman, 1946)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Pohle's fruit bat	Liberia – Congo Rep.	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Cameroun, Bipindi.	Pohle	1943	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 76.	Distribution: Known only from a few localities in Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, and Congo Republic.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Pohle's fruit bat	Liberia – Congo Rep.	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Pohle	1943	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, p. 76.		Liberia to Congo Republic.	Cameroon, Bipindi.		POHLE	1943	Tufts at bases of ears present. Size relatively large (forearm length, 74-78 mm; total length of skull, 38-40 mm).	Distribution: Known only from a few localities in Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, and Congo Republic.	No currently recognized subspecies.		32	species	S. ophiodon	POHLE	1943	Scotonycteris	genus	Scotonycteris ophiodon				Tufts at bases of ears present. Size relatively large (forearm length, 74-78 mm; total length of skull, 38-40 mm).	No currently recognized subspecies.		2. S. ophiodon POHLE 1943.	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Pteropodidae			Scotonycteris ophiodon	Scotonycteris		ophiodon	Pohle		1943		Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin			76		Pohle's Fruit Bat	Cameroon, Bipindi.	Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (nt).	cansdalei Hayman, 1946.		03AD87FAFFDCF6338CAF3C56FD51F866	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b	82	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFDCF6338CAF3C56FD51F866.xml	Casinycteris ophiodon	Pteropodidae	Casinycteris	ophiodon		1943	Casinyctére de Pohle @fr | Pohle-Kurzschnauzenflughund @de | Casinicterio de Pohle @es | Snake-toothed Fruit Bat @en	Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle, 1943 , Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon . Until recently, ophiodon was included in Scotonycteris , but it was moved to Casinycteris based on analyses of morphology and cytochrome-b sequences. Sequences differed by 14:4% between ophiodon and S. zenkeriand 7-7% and 8-4% between ophiodon and C. argynnis and C. campomaanenss, respectively. Monotypic.	Liberia , Ivory Coast , Ghana , Cameroon , and Republic of the Congo .	Head-body 115-122 mm (tailless), ear 20-25 mm , hindfoot 17- 19 mm , forearm 74-79 mm (males) and 73-81 mm (females); weight 60-77 g (males) and 64-95 g (females). Pohle’s Fruit Bat has conspicuous face markings consisting of white patch on forehead in between eyes, white posterior eyespots, broad white band aroundlips; greenish yellow skin on upperlip and snout; moderately expansible upperlip, internally fringed with prominent papillae; and remarkably wide and expansible cheeks of adult males. Muzzle is broad and relatively short. Head is dog-like; eyes are large; irises are greenish brown; and ears are dark brown, with yellowish rims (lighter at base), naked, oval, and slightly pointed at tips, without conspicuous basal white tufts. There are no epaulettes on adult males. Males and females are similar in color; dorsum is medium brown to rusty brown and speckled; hairs have dark brown, almost blackish bases, pale gray to whitish middles, and brown tips; pelage is dense, soft, woolly, and mid-dorsally 9-10 mm long and dorsally extends some distance along forearm. Venter is medium to dark brown at flanks, contrasting with paler whitish gray on chin, throat, neck, and mid-venter; pelage of underparts is much shorter and sparser than on dorsum. Wings are brown, with yellowish green reticulations in adults and more or less uniform brown in subadults, dorsally sparsely covered in hairs between forearm and fifth digit, below whitish woolly hairs are spread on membrane around forearm, and attach to first toes; finger joints are yellowish; and thumbs are relatively long; Penis and scrotum are bright greenish yellow in adult males. Skull is rounded, rostrum is of medium length and not upturned; profile of forehead is weakly concave; sagittal crest is low; premaxillae are well developed; zygomatic width is fairly narrow and arches relatively light; bony palate extends well beyond posterior teeth; there are usually six thick, undivided inter-palatal ridges and 10-13 thin, narrow, serrated postdental ridges; and mandible is rather heavy. Canines are long; C' is noticeably curved backward, with serrated inner edges (hence “ ophiodon ” or snake-toothed); premolars and molars are tall, pointed, and subcircular, with two distinct cusps on inner and outer side of each tooth, except for P, and M,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34 and FNa = 62, with eleven pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. X-chromosome is medium-sized submetacentric or subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is small acrocentric (note that most spreadsyielded diploid number of 33 but with varying unpaired elements).	Western and West Central Rainforest biotic zones in lowland rainforests, montane forests, and coastal forests at elevations of ¢. 120 m (Oda, Ghana ) to ¢. 1200 m (Mount Nimba).	Pohle’s Fruit Batis frugivorous. Diet primarily contains Ficus sp. ( Moraceae ). In contrast to most other frugivorous bats, Pohle’s Fruit Bat hangs horizontally while feeding, using feet and thumbs, and food is kept on its chest where chunks are bitten off and slowly masticated until fibrous parts are spat out as pellets. It 1s captured in canopy nets, suggesting thatit searches for fruit in crowns of large trees. Captive bats ate a variety offruits : banana and plantain ( Musa , Musaceae ); guava ( Psidium , Myrtaceae ); pawpaw ( Asimina ) and soursop ( Annona ), both Annonaceae ; grapefruit, orange, and lime ( Citrus , Rutaceae ); pineapple ( Ananas , Bromeliaceae ); and Ongokea gore ( Aptandraceae ).	Litter size of Pohle’s Fruit Bat is one. Pregnant females were found in August-December in West Africa, and most births occurred at end of wet season (November-December). Lactating females are generally found in dry season (December— March). These findings suggest that females are seasonally monoestrous.	Pohle’s Fruit Bats were captured throughout the night, with peaks at 19:30-20:30 h, 23:30-02:30 h, and 03:30 h to dawn. They roost in vegetation; one individual was found hanging on a forest tree.	Recapture data indicate that Pohle’s Fruit Bats have extremely restricted home ranges with linear dimensions ofless than a few hundred meters.	Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (as Scotonycteris ophiodon ). Overall population of Pohle’s Fruit Bat is in significant decline (but less than 30% over ten years). Its susceptibility to habitat degradation suggests thatits statusis probably be close to Vulnerable. Specific threats include logging, mining, and conversion of forests into agricultural land. Pohle’s Fruit Bat occurs in protected areas such as: Mount Nimba World Heritage Site ( Guinea , Liberia , and Ivory Coast ), and Tai National Park ( Ivory Coast ).	Bergmans (1991) | Eisentraut (1960a) | Fahr (2013b) | Haiduk et al. (1980) | Hassanin (2014) | Mickleburgh et al. (2010) | Rosevear (1965) | Wolton et al. (1982)		36. Pohle’s Fruit Bat Casinycteris ophiodon French: Casinyctére de Pohle / German: Pohle-Kurzschnauzenflughund / Spanish: Casinicterio de Pohle Other common names: Snake-toothed Fruit Bat Taxonomy. Scotonycteris ophiodon Pohle, 1943 , Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon . Until recently, ophiodon was included in Scotonycteris , but it was moved to Casinycteris based on analyses of morphology and cytochrome-b sequences. Sequences differed by 14:4% between ophiodon and S. zenkeriand 7-7% and 8-4% between ophiodon and C. argynnis and C. campomaanenss, respectively. Monotypic. Distribution. Liberia , Ivory Coast , Ghana , Cameroon , and Republic of the Congo . Descriptive notes. Head-body 115-122 mm (tailless), ear 20-25 mm , hindfoot 17- 19 mm , forearm 74-79 mm (males) and 73-81 mm (females); weight 60-77 g (males) and 64-95 g (females). Pohle’s Fruit Bat has conspicuous face markings consisting of white patch on forehead in between eyes, white posterior eyespots, broad white band aroundlips; greenish yellow skin on upperlip and snout; moderately expansible upperlip, internally fringed with prominent papillae; and remarkably wide and expansible cheeks of adult males. Muzzle is broad and relatively short. Head is dog-like; eyes are large; irises are greenish brown; and ears are dark brown, with yellowish rims (lighter at base), naked, oval, and slightly pointed at tips, without conspicuous basal white tufts. There are no epaulettes on adult males. Males and females are similar in color; dorsum is medium brown to rusty brown and speckled; hairs have dark brown, almost blackish bases, pale gray to whitish middles, and brown tips; pelage is dense, soft, woolly, and mid-dorsally 9-10 mm long and dorsally extends some distance along forearm. Venter is medium to dark brown at flanks, contrasting with paler whitish gray on chin, throat, neck, and mid-venter; pelage of underparts is much shorter and sparser than on dorsum. Wings are brown, with yellowish green reticulations in adults and more or less uniform brown in subadults, dorsally sparsely covered in hairs between forearm and fifth digit, below whitish woolly hairs are spread on membrane around forearm, and attach to first toes; finger joints are yellowish; and thumbs are relatively long; Penis and scrotum are bright greenish yellow in adult males. Skull is rounded, rostrum is of medium length and not upturned; profile of forehead is weakly concave; sagittal crest is low; premaxillae are well developed; zygomatic width is fairly narrow and arches relatively light; bony palate extends well beyond posterior teeth; there are usually six thick, undivided inter-palatal ridges and 10-13 thin, narrow, serrated postdental ridges; and mandible is rather heavy. Canines are long; C' is noticeably curved backward, with serrated inner edges (hence “ ophiodon ” or snake-toothed); premolars and molars are tall, pointed, and subcircular, with two distinct cusps on inner and outer side of each tooth, except for P, and M,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 34 and FNa = 62, with eleven pairs of metacentric or submetacentric and five pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. X-chromosome is medium-sized submetacentric or subtelocentric, and Y-chromosome is small acrocentric (note that most spreadsyielded diploid number of 33 but with varying unpaired elements). Habitat. Western and West Central Rainforest biotic zones in lowland rainforests, montane forests, and coastal forests at elevations of ¢. 120 m (Oda, Ghana ) to ¢. 1200 m (Mount Nimba). Food and Feeding. Pohle’s Fruit Batis frugivorous. Diet primarily contains Ficus sp. ( Moraceae ). In contrast to most other frugivorous bats, Pohle’s Fruit Bat hangs horizontally while feeding, using feet and thumbs, and food is kept on its chest where chunks are bitten off and slowly masticated until fibrous parts are spat out as pellets. It 1s captured in canopy nets, suggesting thatit searches for fruit in crowns of large trees. Captive bats ate a variety offruits : banana and plantain ( Musa , Musaceae ); guava ( Psidium , Myrtaceae ); pawpaw ( Asimina ) and soursop ( Annona ), both Annonaceae ; grapefruit, orange, and lime ( Citrus , Rutaceae ); pineapple ( Ananas , Bromeliaceae ); and Ongokea gore ( Aptandraceae ). Breeding. Litter size of Pohle’s Fruit Bat is one. Pregnant females were found in August-December in West Africa, and most births occurred at end of wet season (November-December). Lactating females are generally found in dry season (December— March). These findings suggest that females are seasonally monoestrous. Activity patterns. Pohle’s Fruit Bats were captured throughout the night, with peaks at 19:30-20:30 h, 23:30-02:30 h, and 03:30 h to dawn. They roost in vegetation; one individual was found hanging on a forest tree. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Recapture data indicate that Pohle’s Fruit Bats have extremely restricted home ranges with linear dimensions ofless than a few hundred meters. Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List (as Scotonycteris ophiodon ). Overall population of Pohle’s Fruit Bat is in significant decline (but less than 30% over ten years). Its susceptibility to habitat degradation suggests thatits statusis probably be close to Vulnerable. Specific threats include logging, mining, and conversion of forests into agricultural land. Pohle’s Fruit Bat occurs in protected areas such as: Mount Nimba World Heritage Site ( Guinea , Liberia , and Ivory Coast ), and Tai National Park ( Ivory Coast ). Bibliography. Bergmans (1991), Eisentraut (1960a), Fahr (2013b), Haiduk et al. (1980), Hassanin (2014), Mickleburgh et al. (2010), Rosevear (1965), Wolton et al. (1982).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Pteropodidae	Casinycteris ophiodon	Casinycteris		ophiodon	Pohle	1943	0	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 78	Pohle's Fruit Bat	 cansdalei Hayman, 1946.	Cameroon, Bipindi.	Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Scotonycteris ophiodon 	Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Casinycteris ophiodon	23	Pohle's Fruit Bat	Snake-toothed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	PTEROPODIDAE	ROUSETTINAE	SCOTONYCTERINI	Casinycteris	NA	ophiodon	Pohle	1943	1	Scotonycteris_ophiodon	Pohle, H. (1943). Scotonycteris ophiodon nov. sp., eine neue Art epomophoroider Flughunde. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1943 [for 1942], 76.		ZMB 50001		Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon.			ophiodon (Pohle, 1943)|cansdalei (Hayman, 1946)	moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris	Hassanin, A. (2014). Description of a new bat species of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) from southwestern Cameroon. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337(2), 134-142.	Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Cameroon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Casinycteris_ophiodon	0	oldname match	Scotonycteris_ophiodon	0																																			Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Pteropodidae	Casinycteris		ophiodon	Pohle	1943	0	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 78	Pohle's Fruit Bat	 cansdalei Hayman, 1946.	Cameroon, Bipindi.	Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.	Not listed.	Near Threatened as Scotonycteris ophiodon 	Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).	Casinycteris ophiodon	1004549	23	Pohle's Fruit Bat	Snake-toothed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	PTEROPODIFORMES	NA	NA	PTEROPODOIDEA	Pteropodidae	ROUSETTINAE	SCOTONYCTERINI	Casinycteris	NA	ophiodon	Pohle	1943	1	Scotonycteris_ophiodon	Pohle, H. (1943). Scotonycteris ophiodon nov. sp., eine neue Art epomophoroider Flughunde. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1943 [for 1942], 76.		ZMB 50001		Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon.			ophiodon (Pohle, 1943)|cansdalei (Hayman, 1946)	moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris	Hassanin, A. (2014). Description of a new bat species of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) from southwestern Cameroon. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337(2), 134-142.				Liberia|Côte d'Ivoire|Ghana|Cameroon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NT	0	0	0	Casinycteris_ophiodon	0	oldname match	Scotonycteris_ophiodon	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Casinycteris_ophiodon	1004549	23	Pohle's Fruit Bat	Snake-toothed Fruit Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yinpterochiroptera	NA	NA	Pteropodoidea	Pteropodidae	Epomophorinae	Scotonycterini	Casinycteris	NA	ophiodon	Pohle	1	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Pohle, H. 1943. _Scotonycteris ophiodon_ sp. n., eine neue Art epomophoroider Flughunde. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1942:78-87.		ZMB Mam_50001	holotype		Bipindi, Kribi District, Cameroon.			moved from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris	Hassanin, A. (2014). Description of a new bat species of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) from southwestern Cameroon. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 337(2), 134-142.				Liberia|Cote d'Ivoire|Ghana|Cameroon|Republic of the Congo	Africa	Afrotropic	NE	0	0	0	Casinycteris_ophiodon	0	oldname match	Scotonycteris_ophiodon	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Pteropodidae	Casinycteris		ophiodon	Pohle	1943	1	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin	p. 78	Pohle's Fruit Bat	cansdalei Hayman, 1946.	Cameroon, Bipindi.	Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	Not Evaluated	Transferred from Scotonycteris to Casinycteris by Hassanin (2014). See also Hassanin et al. (2015).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Scotonycteris ophiodon; Casinycteris ophiodon; Casinycteris ophiodon; Casinycteris ophiodon; Casinycteris ophiodon; cansdalei; cansdalei; ophiodon; cansdalei; Casinyctére de Pohle; Pohle-Kurzschnauzenflughund; Casinicterio de Pohle; Snake-toothed Fruit Bat; Pohle's Fruit Bat; Snake-toothed Fruit Bat; Pohle's Fruit Bat; Pohle's Fruit Bat; C. ophiodon