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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1196	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus auritus		[MSW2] Subgenus Plecotus.; [MSW3] Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989, 1991b), de Paz (1994), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Spitzenberger et al. (2001); also see Kiefer and Veith (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002). Subspecies allocation of populations from northern China, eastern Siberia, and Sakhalin is uncertain. This complex may include more than one species; homochrous may represent a distinct species (Horácek et al., 2000), and it is possible that other forms may also be distinct (see Mucedda et al., 2002).; [HMW] Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Two subspecies are recognized.; [batnames2022]  auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous,  sacrimontis,  ognevi , or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).; [MDD2022] previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; [IUCN] According to new taxonomy this species is endemic to Europe, from Ireland to the Urals (Spitzenberger ;et al. ;2006). The Asian populations have been identified as separate species, ;Plecotus ognevi ;and ;P. sacrimontis . Some Spanish populations were described as subspecies ;P. auritus begognae ;(Juste ;et al. ;2004).; [batnames2023]  auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous,  sacrimontis,  ognevi , or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).; [MDD2023] previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species; [batnames2025_1.7] auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous, sacrimontis, ognevi, or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).; [MDD2025_2.2] previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species						brevimanus, communis, cornutus, megalotos, homochrous, montanus, ognevi, otus, peronii, puck, sacrimontis, typus, uenoi, velatus, vulgaris.	auritus, homochrous, uenoi, sacrimontis	auritus, begognae, homochrous, sacrimontis, uenoi	bonapartii, brevimanus, communis, cornutus, europaeus, megalotos, montanus, otus, peroni, typus, velatus, vulgaris; homochrous - puck; sacrimontis - ognevi	auritus, begognae		auritus, begogonae	auritus - bonapartii, brevimanus, communis, cornutus, europaeus, megalotos, montanus, otus, peronii, typus, velatus, vulgaris	auritus, europaeus, otus, cornutus, communis, brevimanus, vulgaris, peronii, velatus, bonapartii, megalotis, montanus, typus, begognae	According to new taxonomy this species is endemic to Europe, from Ireland to the Urals (Spitzenberger ;et al. ;2006). The Asian populations have been identified as separate species, ;Plecotus ognevi ;and ;P. sacrimontis . Some Spanish populations were described as subspecies ;P. auritus begognae ;(Juste ;et al. ;2004).	auritus, begogonae	auritus - bonapartii, brevimanus, communis, cornutus, europaeus, megalotos, montanus, otus, peronii, typus, velatus, vulgaris	auritus, europaeus, otus, cornutus, communis, brevimanus, vulgaris, peronii, velatus, bonapartii, megalotis, montanus, typus, begognae 	auritus, auribus, europaeus, otus, cornutus, communis, brevimanus, vulgaris, peronii, velatus, bonapartii, megalotos, montanus, typus, begognae	auritus, begogonae	auritus - bonapartii, brevimanus, communis, cornutus, europaeus, megalotos, montanus, otus, peronii, typus, velatus, vulgaris 	auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)|auribus (E. A. W. von Zimmermann, 1780) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|europaeus (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]|otus (F. Boie, 1825)|cornutus (Faber, 1826)|communis Lesson, 1827 [nomen novum]|brevimanus Jenyns, 1829|vulgaris Desmarest, 1829|peronii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832|velatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832 [nomen novum | preoccupied]|bonapartii J. E. Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]|megalotos H. R. Schinz, 1840 [not used as valid]|montanus C. Koch, 1863|typus C. Koch, 1863|bonapartii Fitzinger, 1872|begognae de Paz, 1994		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Common long-eared bat	Britain, France – NE China, Korea, Japan, ? N India	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Plecotus auritus	Sweden.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.	Distribution: Ranging from western Europe to Japan and south to the Himalayas.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Brown long-eared bat (Common long-eared NE China, Korea, (Common long-eared bat) Japan, ? N India	Britain, France – NE China, Korea,	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Linnaeus	1758	Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:32.	Subgenus Plecotus.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to Sakhalin Isl (Russia), Japan, N China and Nepal.	Sweden.		LINNAEUS	1758	Paired limbs of baculum about as long as wide. Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-40 mm; maxillary tooth row length usually less than 5.6 mm; greatest width of tragus usually about 5 mm). Proximal zone of dorsal pelage brown or brownish gray.	Distribution: Ranging from western Europe to Japan and south to the Himalayas.	Four subspecies are here recognized:	P. a. auritus (western Europe to central Siberia), P. a. homochrous (Himalayas), P. a. uenoi (Korea), P. a. sacrimontis (Japan). Subspecific allocation of most populations from eastern Asia (including northern China, eastern Siberia, and Sakhalin) is uncertain.	110	species	P. auritus	LINNAEUS	1758	Plecotus	subgenus	Plecotus auritus				Paired limbs of baculum about as long as wide. Size relatively small (forearm length, 35-40 mm; maxillary tooth row length usually less than 5.6 mm; greatest width of tragus usually about 5 mm). Proximal zone of dorsal pelage brown or brownish gray.	Four subspecies are here recognized:		2. P. auritus (LINNAEUS 1758).	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus		auritus	Linnaeus	y	1758		Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1		32		Brown Long-eared Bat	Sweden.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to Sakhalin Isl (Russia), Korea, Japan, N China, Nepal, India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	bonapartii Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]; brevimanus Jenyns, 1829; communis Lesson, 1827; cornutus Faber, 1826; europaeus Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]; megalotos Schinz, 1840; montanus Koch, 1865; otus Boie, 1825; peronii I. Geoffroy, 1832; typus Koch, 1865; velatus I. Geoffroy, 1832; vulgaris Desmarest, 1829; begognae de Paz, 1994; homochrous Hodgson, 1847; puck Barrett-Hamilton, 1907; sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908; ognevi Kishida, 1927; uenoi Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1969.	Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989, 1991b), de Paz (1994), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Spitzenberger et al. (2001); also see Kiefer and Veith (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002). Subspecies allocation of populations from northern China, eastern Siberia, and Sakhalin is uncertain. This complex may include more than one species; homochrous may represent a distinct species (Horácek et al., 2000), and it is possible that other forms may also be distinct (see Mucedda et al., 2002).	4C3D87E8FF906A2FFF8197C71DD6B15D	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	869	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF946A34FA809DD81D0FB146.xml	Plecotus auritus	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus	auritus		1758	Oreillard roux @fr | Braunes Langohr @de | Orejudodorado @es | Brown Big-eared Bat @en | Common Long-eared Bat @en	Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Two subspecies are recognized.	P.a.auritusLinnaeus,1758—mostofEurope,includingBritishIs,NIberianPeninsula,Sardinia,SScandinavia,SFinland,RussiaEtoUrals,andCaucasus. P. a. begognae de Paz, 1994 — C & SW Iberian Peninsula.	Head-body 39-46 mm , tail 39-49 mm , ear 29-35 mm , hindfoot 7-9 mm , forearm 35-5-42- 8 mm ; weight 6-9 g . Race begognae is slightly larger than nominate. Dorsal fur is brownish reddish, long, and woolly, while ventral fur is shorter and ranges from yellowish to cream. In contrast with the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ), face is usually pale brown or cream. Ears and tragus ofsimilar color to face. Wings broad. Thumbs, claws, and feet generally large, and covered by relatively long hairs. The diagnostic character to separate this species from other sympatric congenersis the thumb (over 6: 5 mm ), which is strongly curved, as in the Alpine Long-eared Bat ( P. macrobullaris ), from which it differs in its banana-shaped (not triangular) chin. Dental formula is I 2/3, C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50.	Forages in different habitats, from deciduous and coniferous forests, especially in north, to open areas and agricultural land in south, but also at urban areas, parks, gardens, hedgerows or forest edges. Recorded in pine, beech and oak forests from almost sea level up to over 2000 m . Sometimes claimed to avoid open areas.	Feeds mainly on Lepidoptera (moths such as noctuids), but also Diptera , Orthoptera , and non-volant arthropods such as centipedes, spiders, harvestmen, earwigs, and caterpillars. Forages by aerial-hawking and gleaning; positively selects woodlands and hedgerows as foraging sites, and regularly returns to samesites. Large prey items are carried back to a perch in nearby vegetation to be consumed. Usually forages close to vegetation or ground, as attracted by fluttering sounds of moths and can locate prey by passive listening and vision, but hunting is most successful when auditory, echolocation, and visual cues are all available.	Maternity colonies harbor some tens of females (5-50), rarely over 100. These colonies have been reported in old buildings, attics, churches, channels, underground sites such as caves or mines, and sometimes also bat boxes, and are relatively stable through the whole summer. In contrast, nursery colonies in tree holes and hollow trees tend to switch roosts every 1-5 days within a 100 m habitat buffer. Females give birth in late June to 1-2 young, which become volant in only six weeks. Young become sexually active in the first or second year.	Tends to emerge later than other common species, usually around one hour after sunset; remains foraging throughout night. Flight is slow and highly maneuverable. Recorded roosting during summer and spring in both trees and buildings, always in warm roosts (in Britain at ¢.17-9°C). In winter,it roosts alone or in small clusters in caves, mines, cellars, wood piles, buildings, bunkers, rock crevices, and also in deep cavities in hollow trees, always selecting spaces at temperatures of 3—7°C. It has typical long-eared bat echolocation type, with FM pulses, usually with two very evident harmonics, the first with frequency of maximum energy at 25-30 kHz, and the other at 50-60 kHz. This species can emit echolocation pulses through the mouth or through the nose, but these are always very faint and difficult to record.	Maximum distance of movement reported for this species is ¢. 90 km , in Germany ; although it shifts roosts seasonally, it is thought to be fairly sedentary. Foraging areas are usually not far from the roost (under 2-5 km in summer, and up to 3- 3 km in autumn). While females tend to roost together, males are usually found roosting individually. Swarming activity occurs in autumn around caves and mines, and occasionally also in spring.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Generally widespread and common, especially in Central Europe, with no major threats. However, at the limits of its range (e.g. Mediterranean coast), it can be less abundant or locally rare; apparently decreasing in Turkey . In some of these regions, habitatloss, reduction of mature and pristine forests, and destruction of mature roost trees during timber extraction are significant factors.	Anderson & Racey (1991) | Burland, Barratt, Beaumont & Racey (1999) | Burland, Barratt, Nichols & Racey (2001) | Coles et al. (1989) | Dietz & Kiefer (2016) | Eklof & Jones (2003) | Ekman & de Jong (1996) | Entwistle (1999) | Entwistle et al. (1996, 1997 2000) | de Fanis & Jones (1995) | Fernandes (2017) | Furmankiewicz & Altringham (2007) | Gaisler et al. (2003) | Horaéek & Duli¢ (2004) | Hutson, Spitzenberger, Aulagnier, Coroiu et al. (2008b) | Juste et al. (2004) | Kiefer et al. (2002) | Koopman (1993) | Norberg (1976) | Pavlini¢ & Tvrtkovi¢ (2004) | Rydell (1989) | Schober & Grimmberger (1998) | Shiel et al. (1991) | Speakman (1987) | Spitzenberger et al. (2006) | Stebbings (1967) | Veith et al. (2004) | Webb et al. (1995)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398322/files/figure.png	242. Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus French: Oreillard roux / German: Braunes Langohr / Spanish: Orejudo dorado Other common names: Brown Big-eared Bat , Common Long-eared Bat Taxonomy. Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758 , “Europa.” Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.auritusLinnaeus,1758—mostofEurope,includingBritishIs,NIberianPeninsula,Sardinia,SScandinavia,SFinland,RussiaEtoUrals,andCaucasus. P. a. begognae de Paz, 1994 — C & SW Iberian Peninsula. Descriptive notes. Head-body 39-46 mm , tail 39-49 mm , ear 29-35 mm , hindfoot 7-9 mm , forearm 35-5-42- 8 mm ; weight 6-9 g . Race begognae is slightly larger than nominate. Dorsal fur is brownish reddish, long, and woolly, while ventral fur is shorter and ranges from yellowish to cream. In contrast with the Gray Long-eared Bat ( P. austriacus ), face is usually pale brown or cream. Ears and tragus ofsimilar color to face. Wings broad. Thumbs, claws, and feet generally large, and covered by relatively long hairs. The diagnostic character to separate this species from other sympatric congenersis the thumb (over 6: 5 mm ), which is strongly curved, as in the Alpine Long-eared Bat ( P. macrobullaris ), from which it differs in its banana-shaped (not triangular) chin. Dental formula is I 2/3, C1/1,P2/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50. Habitat. Forages in different habitats, from deciduous and coniferous forests, especially in north, to open areas and agricultural land in south, but also at urban areas, parks, gardens, hedgerows or forest edges. Recorded in pine, beech and oak forests from almost sea level up to over 2000 m . Sometimes claimed to avoid open areas. Food and Feeding. Feeds mainly on Lepidoptera (moths such as noctuids), but also Diptera , Orthoptera , and non-volant arthropods such as centipedes, spiders, harvestmen, earwigs, and caterpillars. Forages by aerial-hawking and gleaning; positively selects woodlands and hedgerows as foraging sites, and regularly returns to samesites. Large prey items are carried back to a perch in nearby vegetation to be consumed. Usually forages close to vegetation or ground, as attracted by fluttering sounds of moths and can locate prey by passive listening and vision, but hunting is most successful when auditory, echolocation, and visual cues are all available. Breeding. Maternity colonies harbor some tens of females (5-50), rarely over 100. These colonies have been reported in old buildings, attics, churches, channels, underground sites such as caves or mines, and sometimes also bat boxes, and are relatively stable through the whole summer. In contrast, nursery colonies in tree holes and hollow trees tend to switch roosts every 1-5 days within a 100 m habitat buffer. Females give birth in late June to 1-2 young, which become volant in only six weeks. Young become sexually active in the first or second year. Activity patterns. Tends to emerge later than other common species, usually around one hour after sunset; remains foraging throughout night. Flight is slow and highly maneuverable. Recorded roosting during summer and spring in both trees and buildings, always in warm roosts (in Britain at ¢.17-9°C). In winter,it roosts alone or in small clusters in caves, mines, cellars, wood piles, buildings, bunkers, rock crevices, and also in deep cavities in hollow trees, always selecting spaces at temperatures of 3—7°C. It has typical long-eared bat echolocation type, with FM pulses, usually with two very evident harmonics, the first with frequency of maximum energy at 25-30 kHz, and the other at 50-60 kHz. This species can emit echolocation pulses through the mouth or through the nose, but these are always very faint and difficult to record. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Maximum distance of movement reported for this species is ¢. 90 km , in Germany ; although it shifts roosts seasonally, it is thought to be fairly sedentary. Foraging areas are usually not far from the roost (under 2-5 km in summer, and up to 3- 3 km in autumn). While females tend to roost together, males are usually found roosting individually. Swarming activity occurs in autumn around caves and mines, and occasionally also in spring. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Generally widespread and common, especially in Central Europe, with no major threats. However, at the limits of its range (e.g. Mediterranean coast), it can be less abundant or locally rare; apparently decreasing in Turkey . In some of these regions, habitatloss, reduction of mature and pristine forests, and destruction of mature roost trees during timber extraction are significant factors. Bibliography. Anderson & Racey (1991), Burland, Barratt, Beaumont & Racey (1999), Burland, Barratt, Nichols & Racey (2001), Coles et al. (1989), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Eklof & Jones (2003), Ekman & de Jong (1996), Entwistle (1999), Entwistle et al. (1996, 1997 2000), de Fanis & Jones (1995), Fernandes (2017), Furmankiewicz & Altringham (2007), Gaisler et al. (2003), Horaéek & Duli¢ (2004), Hutson, Spitzenberger, Aulagnier, Coroiu et al. (2008b), Juste et al. (2004), Kiefer et al. (2002), Koopman (1993), Norberg (1976), Pavlini¢ & Tvrtkovi¢ (2004), Rydell (1989), Schober & Grimmberger (1998), Shiel et al. (1991), Speakman (1987), Spitzenberger et al. (2006), Stebbings (1967), Veith et al. (2004), Webb et al. (1995).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus auritus	Plecotus		auritus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Brown Long-eared Bat	 bonapartii Gray, 1838 [ nomen nudum ]; brevimanus Jenyns, 1829; communis Lesson, 1827; cornutus Faber, 1826; europaeus Leach, 1816 [ nomen nudum ]; megalotos Schinz, 1840; montanus Koch, 1865; otus Boie, 1825; peronii I. Geoffroy, 1832; typus Koch, 1865; velatus I. Geoffroy, 1832; vulgaris Desmarest, 1829; <b> begogonae </b> de Paz, 1994.	Sweden.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to the Urals; Crimea to the Caucasus mountains.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous,  sacrimontis,  ognevi , or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Plecotus auritus	23	Brown Long-eared Bat	Brown Big-eared Bat|Common Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	auritus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Vespertilio_auritus	Linnaeus, C von. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th Ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 32.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033865#page/42/mode/1up	NA		"Europa."			auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)|europaeus (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]|otus (Boie, 1825)|cornutus (Faber, 1826)|communis Lesson, 1827|brevimanus Jenyns, 1829|vulgaris Desmarest, 1829|peronii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832|velatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832|bonapartii J. E. Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]|megalotis Schinz, 1840|montanus L. Koch, 1865|typus L. Koch, 1865|begognae de Paz, 1994	previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.	Ireland|United Kingdom|Portugal|Spain|France|Belgium|Netherlands|Luxembourg|Germany|Denmark|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovakia|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Kazakhstan?|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Iran	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_auritus	0	sciname match	Plecotus_auritus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Plecotus auritus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Plecotus	auritus	Linnaeus, 1758	According to new taxonomy this species is endemic to Europe, from Ireland to the Urals (Spitzenberger ;et al. ;2006). The Asian populations have been identified as separate species, ;Plecotus ognevi ;and ;P. sacrimontis . Some Spanish populations were described as subspecies ;P. auritus begognae ;(Juste ;et al. ;2004).	200000000	Plecotus auritus	Least Concern		2020	2019-07-04 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Despite its projected infavourable-inadequate status in all of the EU biogeographical regions (EEA 2013), no noticeable decline was reported for such important range states as Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, which comprise more than half of the species range. It has stable trend in underground sites of the countries participated in the prototype European bat indicator project (Haysom et al. 2011). The species is listed as Least Concern.	Nursery colonies are mainly in tree cavities, in bird or bat boxes and sometimes behind bark. The are also frequent in buildings, preferably in attics of churches and barns. In attics, maternity roosts are found in the niches of beam fillets and mortises, between roof tiles and behind wooden cladding. Nurseries comprise up to 100, but usually 10-50 females (Simon et al. 2012). It hibernates in underground roosts such as cellars, bunkers, mines and caves, as well as in rock fissures, wood piles and hollow trees (Dietz et al. 2009). P. auritus gleans sitting prey and catches it in flight. Its foraging habitats are woodlands, forest edges, bushes, hedges, traditional orchards, parks and gardens. Moth are a major prey, but Coleoptera, Diptera, Dermaptera, Arachnida and Chilopoda are also present in the diet (see Kyheröinen et al. 2019). Brown long-eared bats hunt close to the roost. In Switzerland, the mean foraging distance from the roost was 1.2 ± 0.6 km and the mean home ranges were 51.8 ± 33.8 ha (5.2–103.2 ha) (Ashrafi et al. 2013). Usually resident, the longest recorded movement was 90 km (Steffens et al. 2007). A longevity record is 30 years (Lehmann et al. 1992).	Loss of roosting opportunities in building during renovation and refurbishment works, intentional evictions and closure of roost entrances. Removal of standing old trees with cavities and dead wood in forestry operations reduces the number of occupied and alternative roosts. Disturbance in winter quarters (caves, tunnels, abandoned mines) by visitors/vandalism, pesticide use and wood treatment in attics and roofs. It suffers from a decline in insect abundance due to intensive agriculture, forestry and horticulture (Simon et al. 2012). The species is sensitive to light pollution at roosts, commuting routes and habitats (Voigt et al. 2018). Fragmentation of foraging areas and loss of linear structures which are utilised for commuting may impair habitats, especially around maternity colonies (Kyheröinen et al. 2019). At high risk of collisions with vehicles (Fensome, Mathews 2016).	Notwithstanding infavourable-inadequate status of the species in all of the EU biogeographical regions (EEA 2013), no noticeable decline was reported for such important range states as Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, which comprise more than half of the species range.	Stable	It is widely distributed south of 65°N and west of the Urals, ;on the British Isles and in Sardinia. It has a patchy distribution in Iberia, Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. In Asia, isolated range covers woodlands of the Caucasus (including Turkey) and northern Elburs mountains (Gazaryan 2009, Benda ;et al. ; 2012). ;In the Alps, maternity colonies are found up to 1,920 m asl, hibernacula up to 2,350 m asl (Horácek and Dulic 2004).		Terrestrial	It is protected by national legislation in most of the main ; range states, except Russia. There are also international legal obligations for its protection through the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and EUROBATS Agreement. It is included in Appendix II ; of the Council of Europe’s Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). Also included in Annex IV of EU Habitats and Species Directive. Important habitats partially protected by Natura 2000 sites and national networks of protected areas. .	Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		auritus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Brown Long-eared Bat	 bonapartii Gray, 1838 [ nomen nudum ]; brevimanus Jenyns, 1829; communis Lesson, 1827; cornutus Faber, 1826; europaeus Leach, 1816 [ nomen nudum ]; megalotos Schinz, 1840; montanus Koch, 1865; otus Boie, 1825; peronii I. Geoffroy, 1832; typus Koch, 1865; velatus I. Geoffroy, 1832; vulgaris Desmarest, 1829; <b> begogonae </b> de Paz, 1994.	Sweden.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to the Urals; Crimea to the Caucasus mountains.	Not listed.	Least Concern	 auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous,  sacrimontis,  ognevi , or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).	Plecotus auritus	1005662	23	Brown Long-eared Bat	Brown Big-eared Bat|Common Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Plecotus	NA	auritus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Vespertilio_auritus	Linnaeus, C von. (1758). Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th Ed. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 32.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033865#page/42/mode/1up	NA		"Europa."			auritus (Linnaeus, 1758)|europaeus (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]|otus (Boie, 1825)|cornutus (Faber, 1826)|communis Lesson, 1827|brevimanus Jenyns, 1829|vulgaris Desmarest, 1829|peronii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832|velatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832|bonapartii J. E. Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]|megalotis Schinz, 1840|montanus L. Koch, 1865|typus L. Koch, 1865|begognae de Paz, 1994	previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.				Ireland|United Kingdom|Portugal|Spain|France|Belgium|Netherlands|Luxembourg|Germany|Denmark|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovakia|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia & Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Kazakhstan?|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Iran	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_auritus	0	sciname match	Plecotus_auritus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Plecotus_auritus	1005662	23	Brown Long-eared Bat	Brown Big-eared Bat|Common Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Plecotus	NA	auritus	Linnaeus	1	Vespertilio auritus	Linnaeus, C. 1758-01-01. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25033824	lost (number not known)	nonexistent		"Europa."			previously included P. homochrous, P. ognevi, and P. sacrimontis; includes begognae, which is sometimes recognized as a distinct species	Spitzenberger, F., Strelkov, P. P., Winkler, H., & Haring, E. (2006). A preliminary revision of the genus Plecotus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) based on genetic and morphological results. Zoologica Scripta, 35(3), 187-230.				Ireland|United Kingdom|Portugal|Spain|France|Belgium|Netherlands|Luxembourg|Germany|Denmark|Norway|Sweden|Finland|Switzerland|Liechtenstein|Italy|Austria|Czech Republic|Poland|Hungary|Slovakia|Slovenia|Croatia|Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbia|Kosovo|Montenegro|Albania|North Macedonia|Greece|Bulgaria|Romania|Moldova|Ukraine|Belarus|Lithuania|Latvia|Estonia|Russia|Kazakhstan?|Georgia|Armenia|Azerbaijan|Turkey|Iran	Asia|Europe	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Plecotus_auritus	0	sciname match	Plecotus_auritus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Plecotus		auritus	Linnaeus	1758	1	Syst. Nat., 10th ed.	1:32	Brown Long-eared Bat	bonapartii Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]; brevimanus Jenyns, 1829; communis Lesson, 1827; cornutus Faber, 1826; europaeus Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]; megalotos Schinz, 1840; montanus Koch, 1865; otus Boie, 1825; peronii I. Geoffroy, 1832; typus Koch, 1865; velatus I. Geoffroy, 1832; vulgaris Desmarest, 1829; begogonae de Paz, 1994.	Sweden.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to the Urals; Crimea to the Caucasus mountains.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85535522/211015413/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	auritus species group. May not include bogognae; see Mayer et al (2007), but see also Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Does not include homochrous, sacrimontis, ognevi, or uenoi; see Spitzenberger et al. (2006). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Mayer et al. (2007). Revised by Spitzenberger et al. (2006). Records from Portugal, Italy south of the Alps, and Anatolia, require confirmation (see Spitzenberger et al. 2006).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Plecotus auritus; Plecotus auritus; Plecotus auritus; Plecotus auritus; Plecotus auritus; Plecotus auritus; auritus; begognae; homochrous; sacrimontis; uenoi; bonapartii; brevimanus; communis; cornutus; europaeus; megalotos; montanus; otus; peroni; typus; velatus; vulgaris; homochrous - puck; sacrimontis - ognevi; auritus; begognae; begogonae; bonapartii; brevimanus; communis; cornutus; europaeus; megalotos; montanus; otus; peronii; typus; velatus; vulgaris; auritus; europaeus; otus; cornutus; communis; brevimanus; vulgaris; peronii; velatus; bonapartii; megalotis; montanus; typus; begognae; Oreillard roux; Braunes Langohr; Orejudodorado; Brown Big-eared Bat; Common Long-eared Bat; Brown Long-eared Bat; Brown Big-eared Bat; Common Long-eared Bat; Brown Long-eared Bat; Brown Long-eared Bat; P. auritus