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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1171	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus rusticus		[MSW2] Subgenus Pipistrellus.; [MSW3] Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes marrensis; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002).; [HMW] Scotophilus rusticus Tomes, 1861 , “Damaraland.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia . Pipistrellus rusticus seems to be sister to P. hesperidus based on genetic data and chromosomal similarities. Two subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Pipistrellus . Includes marrensis ; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.; [IUCN] Although they have the same karyotype and are very similar in bacular and cranial morphology; Pipistrellus rusticus and P . hesperidus can be distinguished by cranial size (Kearney et al. 2002; Kearney 2005). However, additional molecular studies are necessary to establish the taxonomic relationship between these groups (Monadjem et al. 2010). Two subspecies are recognised (Simmons 2005): P . r . marrensis occurring in Senegal to Ethiopia and Kenya; and the slightly larger P . r . rusticus in southern Africa (Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa). The validity of these subspecies is uncertain.; [batnames2023] Subgenus Pipistrellus . Includes marrensis ; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes marrensis; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.						marrensis.	rusticus, marrensis	rusticus, marrensis		rusticus, marrensis		rusticus, marrensis		rusticus, marrensis	Although they have the same karyotype and are very similar in bacular and cranial morphology; Pipistrellus rusticus and P . hesperidus can be distinguished by cranial size (Kearney et al. 2002; Kearney 2005). However, additional molecular studies are necessary to establish the taxonomic relationship between these groups (Monadjem et al. 2010). Two subspecies are recognised (Simmons 2005): P . r . marrensis occurring in Senegal to Ethiopia and Kenya; and the slightly larger P . r . rusticus in southern Africa (Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa). The validity of these subspecies is uncertain.	rusticus, marrensis		rusticus, marrensis 	rusticus, marrensis 	marrensis, rusticus 		rusticus (Tomes, 1861)|marrensis O. Thomas & Hinton, 1923		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Rusty bat	Ghana – Ethiopia – Namibia, Transvaal	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pipistrellus rusticus	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.	Tomes	1861	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861:35.	Distribution: Ranging from Liberia to Ethiopia and Kenya; also from Zambia to Namibia and Transvaal.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Rusty bat	Ghana – Ethiopia – Namibia – Transvaal	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Tomes	1861	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861:35.	Subgenus Pipistrellus.	Liberia and Ethiopia, south to South Africa.	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.		TOMES	1861	Size relatively small (forearm length, 26-30 mm). Rostrum relatively short but fairly slender. Forehead almost flat.	Distribution: Ranging from Liberia to Ethiopia and Kenya; also from Zambia to Namibia and Transvaal.	Two subspecies are recognized:	P. r. rusticus (southern segment of range), P. r. marrensis (northern segment of range).	114	species	P. rusticus	TOMES	1861	Pipistrellus	subgenus	Pipistrellus rusticus				Size relatively small (forearm length, 26-30 mm). Rostrum relatively short but fairly slender. Forehead almost flat.	Two subspecies are recognized:		30. P. rusticus (TOMES 1861) [kuhlii group].	30	_P. r. marrensis_ Thomas & Hinton, 1923; _P. r. rusticus_ (Tomes, 1861)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	rusticus	Tomes	y	1861		Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	1861		35		Rusty Pipistrelle	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.	Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Ethiopia, south to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa. A specimen from Liberia has been tentatively reidentified as kuhlii (see Koopman et al., 1995).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	marrensis Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes marrensis; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002).	4C3D87E8FFE26A5DFF9294481FB2BCF9	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	775	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFEA6A56FA9392D01DB8B84F.xml	Pipustrellus rusticus	Vespertilionidae	Pipustrellus	rusticus		1861	Pipistrelle rouille @fr | Rostfarbene Zwergfledermaus @de | Pipistrelacampestre @es | Rustic Pipistrelle @en | Rusty Bat @en | Rusty Pipistrelle Bat @en	Scotophilus rusticus Tomes, 1861 , “Damaraland.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia . Pipistrellus rusticus seems to be sister to P. hesperidus based on genetic data and chromosomal similarities. Two subspecies recognized.	P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola , Zambia , NE Namibia , N Botswana , Zimbabwe , and NE South Africa ; perhaps also Malawi , although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania , although its subspecific identity is uncertain.	Head-body 44-46 mm, tail 19-32 mm, ear 7-7-12 mm, hindfoot 4-6 mm, forearm 24-31-2 mm; weight 3-4-5-1 g. The Rusty Pipistrelle is vibrantly colored. Subspecies marrensis is slightly smaller than nominate rusticus and has narrower rostrum. Pelage is soft and dense. Dorsum varies considerably between reddish brown, orangish brown, grayish orange, grayish brown, or medium brown, sometimes within same locality. Venter also varies between orange, yellowish orange, creamy orange, yellow, or cream, being darkest under chin and palest in pelvic region. Naked face is pale or medium brown; triangular ears are pale to medium reddish brown, with rounded tips. Tragusis ¢.50% the length of ear and widest near mid-height;it has straight anterior margin, smoothly convex posterior margin, rounded tips, and deep notch above basal lobe. Wing membrane varies between pale brown, dark brown, or reddish black and occasionally has narrow white hind border. Uropatagium is medium brown or reddish brown, occasionally with cream border, and is always paler than wing membrane. Baculum is curved upward near mid-height, bilobed at base with deep notch between two basal lobes, and bilobed at tip with two very small lobes, and it narrows gradually toward thin tip. Skull is small and gracile compared with other African Pipastrellus; braincase is of moderate relative height and breadth; interorbital region is of moderate relative breadth; rostrum is of medium length but relatively broad; forehead region is straight to weakly concave; I” is unicuspid, and I? is tiny and reaches only slightly above cingulum of I*; P* is usually present,tiny, rarely visible above gums, and displaced lingually; C' and P* touch; and lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FNa = 50.	Montane forests, riverine forests, savanna woodlands, coastal forests, scrubland, and dry and moist savannas at low and high elevations. Often found near water.	The Rusty Pipistrelle is insectivorous, foraging by slow hawking 3-18 m over dry riverbeds and open water. It flies low and comparatively smoothly.	Rusty Pipistrelles are seasonally monoestrous. Litter size is two (occasionally one); young are born in about mid-November. During development, 1-5 embryos can be present, but only up to two become implanted in uterine walls. One embryo is then found in each uteri; uterus is bicornuate. Reproduction of male and female gametes occurs at completely separate times. Spermatogenesis occurs in summer (October-February), and testes regress by late autumn, storing sperm in epididymides. Mating occurs in autumn (April), and sperm is stored in females’ uteri through winter (April-August) until implantation. Implantation occursin late winter and early spring (September). Unlike most other bat species, amnion is formed by cavitation rather than folding. Births occur in late spring (November) after gestation of ¢.11-12 weeks. There might be some delayed embryonic development.	Rusty Pipistrelles begin to forage at dusk and probably continue throughout the night. They roost in tree crevices, under bark, and in old buildings. They do not enter hibernation or prolonged torpor during winter, remaining active throughout. Call shape is steep FM/QCEF, with high intensity. Single call recorded in Waterberg, north-eastern South Africa , had peak frequency of 62-1 kHz, minimum frequency of 55-3 kHz, knee frequency of 57-6 kHz, bandwidth of 6-7 kHz, and duration of 3-1 milliseconds. Other reports from South Africa recorded mean start frequency of 77-8 kHz, end frequency of 46-8 kHz, peak frequency of 53 kHz, and duration of 2-8 milliseconds.	Rusty Pipistrelles probably roost in small groups. A group of three individuals was found roosting in a tree in Zambia .	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Rusty Pipistrelle is widespread and found in numerous protected areas. No major threats are known, but it is considered rare throughout its distribution.	ACR (2018) | Hill & Harrison (1987) | Kearney (2013i) | Kearney et al. (2002) | Kruskop et al. (2016) | van der Merwe & Mostert (2005) | van der Merwe & Rautenbach (1990) | Monadjem, Taylor, Cotterill & Schoeman (2010) | Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs & Cotterill (20171) | Patterson & Webala (2012) | Rautenbach et al. (1993) | Skinner & Chimimba (2005) | Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013) | Thomas (1926)	https://zenodo.org/record/6397824/files/figure.png	26. Rusty Pipistrelle Pipustrellus rusticus French: Pipistrelle rouille / German: Rostfarbene Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Pipistrela campestre Other common names: Rustic Pipistrelle , Rusty Bat , Rusty Pipistrelle Bat Taxonomy. Scotophilus rusticus Tomes, 1861 , “Damaraland.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia . Pipistrellus rusticus seems to be sister to P. hesperidus based on genetic data and chromosomal similarities. Two subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola , Zambia , NE Namibia , N Botswana , Zimbabwe , and NE South Africa ; perhaps also Malawi , although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania , although its subspecific identity is uncertain. Descriptive notes. Head-body 44-46 mm, tail 19-32 mm, ear 7-7-12 mm, hindfoot 4-6 mm, forearm 24-31-2 mm; weight 3-4-5-1 g. The Rusty Pipistrelle is vibrantly colored. Subspecies marrensis is slightly smaller than nominate rusticus and has narrower rostrum. Pelage is soft and dense. Dorsum varies considerably between reddish brown, orangish brown, grayish orange, grayish brown, or medium brown, sometimes within same locality. Venter also varies between orange, yellowish orange, creamy orange, yellow, or cream, being darkest under chin and palest in pelvic region. Naked face is pale or medium brown; triangular ears are pale to medium reddish brown, with rounded tips. Tragusis ¢.50% the length of ear and widest near mid-height;it has straight anterior margin, smoothly convex posterior margin, rounded tips, and deep notch above basal lobe. Wing membrane varies between pale brown, dark brown, or reddish black and occasionally has narrow white hind border. Uropatagium is medium brown or reddish brown, occasionally with cream border, and is always paler than wing membrane. Baculum is curved upward near mid-height, bilobed at base with deep notch between two basal lobes, and bilobed at tip with two very small lobes, and it narrows gradually toward thin tip. Skull is small and gracile compared with other African Pipastrellus; braincase is of moderate relative height and breadth; interorbital region is of moderate relative breadth; rostrum is of medium length but relatively broad; forehead region is straight to weakly concave; I” is unicuspid, and I? is tiny and reaches only slightly above cingulum of I*; P* is usually present,tiny, rarely visible above gums, and displaced lingually; C' and P* touch; and lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 42 and FNa = 50. Habitat. Montane forests, riverine forests, savanna woodlands, coastal forests, scrubland, and dry and moist savannas at low and high elevations. Often found near water. Food and Feeding. The Rusty Pipistrelle is insectivorous, foraging by slow hawking 3-18 m over dry riverbeds and open water. It flies low and comparatively smoothly. Breeding. Rusty Pipistrelles are seasonally monoestrous. Litter size is two (occasionally one); young are born in about mid-November. During development, 1-5 embryos can be present, but only up to two become implanted in uterine walls. One embryo is then found in each uteri; uterus is bicornuate. Reproduction of male and female gametes occurs at completely separate times. Spermatogenesis occurs in summer (October-February), and testes regress by late autumn, storing sperm in epididymides. Mating occurs in autumn (April), and sperm is stored in females’ uteri through winter (April-August) until implantation. Implantation occursin late winter and early spring (September). Unlike most other bat species, amnion is formed by cavitation rather than folding. Births occur in late spring (November) after gestation of ¢.11-12 weeks. There might be some delayed embryonic development. Activity patterns. Rusty Pipistrelles begin to forage at dusk and probably continue throughout the night. They roost in tree crevices, under bark, and in old buildings. They do not enter hibernation or prolonged torpor during winter, remaining active throughout. Call shape is steep FM/QCEF, with high intensity. Single call recorded in Waterberg, north-eastern South Africa , had peak frequency of 62-1 kHz, minimum frequency of 55-3 kHz, knee frequency of 57-6 kHz, bandwidth of 6-7 kHz, and duration of 3-1 milliseconds. Other reports from South Africa recorded mean start frequency of 77-8 kHz, end frequency of 46-8 kHz, peak frequency of 53 kHz, and duration of 2-8 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Rusty Pipistrelles probably roost in small groups. A group of three individuals was found roosting in a tree in Zambia . Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Rusty Pipistrelle is widespread and found in numerous protected areas. No major threats are known, but it is considered rare throughout its distribution. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Hill & Harrison (1987), Kearney (2013i), Kearney et al. (2002), Kruskop et al. (2016), van der Merwe & Mostert (2005), van der Merwe & Rautenbach (1990), Monadjem, Taylor, Cotterill & Schoeman (2010), Monadjem, Taylor, Jacobs & Cotterill (20171), Patterson & Webala (2012), Rautenbach et al. (1993), Skinner & Chimimba (2005), Taylor, Sowler et al. (2013), Thomas (1926).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus rusticus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	rusticus	Tomes	1861	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	######	Rusty Pipistrelle	<b> marrensis </b>Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.	Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Ethiopia, south to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa. A specimen from Liberia has been tentatively reidentified as kuhlii (see Koopman et al., 1995).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pipistrellus . Includes marrensis ; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Pipistrellus rusticus	23	Rusty Pipistrelle	Rustic Pipistrelle|Rusty Bat|Rusty Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Pipistrellus	NA	rusticus	Tomes	1861	1	Scotophilus_rusticus	Tomes, R. F. (1861). Notes on a collection of bats made by Mr. Andersson in the Damara Country, South-Western Africa, with notices of some other African species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1861, 35.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/63/mode/1up	BM 1907.1.1.419 [lectotype]		"Damaraland." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia.			rusticus (Tomes, 1861)|marrensis O. Thomas & Hinton, 1923	NA	NA	Gambia|Senegal|Guinea|Mali?|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Zimbabwe|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17362	Pipistrellus rusticus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Pipistrellus	rusticus	(Tomes, 1861)	Although they have the same karyotype and are very similar in bacular and cranial morphology; Pipistrellus rusticus and P . hesperidus can be distinguished by cranial size (Kearney et al. 2002; Kearney 2005). However, additional molecular studies are necessary to establish the taxonomic relationship between these groups (Monadjem et al. 2010). Two subspecies are recognised (Simmons 2005): P . r . marrensis occurring in Senegal to Ethiopia and Kenya; and the slightly larger P . r . rusticus in southern Africa (Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa). The validity of these subspecies is uncertain.	20000000	Pipistrellus rusticus	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category	This species has been recorded from savanna woodland, and both dry and moist savanna habitats. Animals have been reported roosting in tree crevices, under bark and in old buildings (Skinner and Chimimba 2005).	There appear to be no major threats to this species as a whole.	This species is locally common.	Unknown	This species has been widely, but patchily, recorded throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. It is distributed from Senegal and The Gambia in the west, with easternmost records from Ethiopia close to the Somalia border area. It is found as far south as northern South Africa and central Namibia. Other than records from southern Chad and northern Central African Republic, the species has not been recorded in Central Africa.		Terrestrial	This species has been recorded from Mole National Park in Ghana (Grubb et al . 1998). No direct conservation measures are currently needed for this species as a whole.	Afrotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	rusticus	Tomes	1861	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Rusty Pipistrelle	<b> marrensis </b>Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.	Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Ethiopia, south to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa. A specimen from Liberia has been tentatively reidentified as kuhlii (see Koopman et al., 1995).	Not listed.	Least Concern	Subgenus Pipistrellus . Includes marrensis ; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.	Pipistrellus rusticus	1005635	23	Rusty Pipistrelle	Rustic Pipistrelle|Rusty Bat|Rusty Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PIPISTRELLINI	Pipistrellus	NA	rusticus	Tomes	1861	1	Scotophilus_rusticus	Tomes, R. F. (1861). Notes on a collection of bats made by Mr. Andersson in the Damara Country, South-Western Africa, with notices of some other African species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1861, 35.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/91152#page/63/mode/1up	BM 1907.1.1.419 [lectotype]		"Damaraland." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia.			rusticus (Tomes, 1861)|marrensis O. Thomas & Hinton, 1923	NA	NA				Gambia|Senegal|Guinea|Mali?|Côte d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Zimbabwe|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Pipistrellus_rusticus	1005635	23	Rusty Pipistrelle	Rustic Pipistrelle|Rusty Bat|Rusty Pipistrelle Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	rusticus	Tomes	1	Scotophilus rusticus	Tomes, R.F. 1861-05. Notes on a collection of bats made by Mr. Andersson in the Damara Country, south-western Africa, with notices of some other African species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1861(1):31-40.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28672475	BMNH:Mamm:1907.1.1.419	lectotype	https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/2ec2ec54-8202-452f-9965-463c41a86eec	"Damaraland." Restricted by O. Thomas in 1926 to Olifants Vlei, Damaraland, Namibia.			NA	NA				Gambia|Senegal|Guinea|Mali?|Cote d'Ivoire|Burkina Faso|Ghana|Togo|Benin|Nigeria|Cameroon|Chad|Central African Republic|Sudan|South Sudan|Ethiopia|Uganda|Kenya|Tanzania|Angola|Zambia|Zimbabwe|Malawi|Mozambique|Namibia|Botswana|South Africa	Africa	Afrotropic	LC	0	0	0	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	sciname match	Pipistrellus_rusticus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	rusticus	Tomes	1861	1	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.	########	Rusty Pipistrelle	marrensis Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Namibia, Damaraland, Olifants Vlei.	Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Ethiopia, south to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa. A specimen from Liberia has been tentatively reidentified as kuhlii (see Koopman et al., 1995).	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17362/22124708/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes marrensis; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002). Fasel et al. (2020) present a key to separating males of this species from closely related genera in S Africa based on characters of the penis.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pipistrellus rusticus; Pipistrellus rusticus; Pipistrellus rusticus; Pipistrellus rusticus; Pipistrellus rusticus; Pipistrellus rusticus; rusticus; marrensis; rusticus; marrensis; marrensis; rusticus; marrensis; Pipistrelle rouille; Rostfarbene Zwergfledermaus; Pipistrelacampestre; Rustic Pipistrelle; Rusty Bat; Rusty Pipistrelle Bat; Rusty Pipistrelle; Rustic Pipistrelle; Rusty Bat; Rusty Pipistrelle Bat; Rusty Pipistrelle; Rusty Pipistrelle; P. rusticus