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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1144	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris aphylla		[MSW2] Subgenus Reithronycteris.; [MSW3] Subgenus Reithronycteris.; [HMW] Reithronycteris aphylla G. S. Miller, 1898 , “ Jamaica .” This species is monotypic.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Reithronycteris .; [batnames2023] Subgenus Reithronycteris .; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Reithronycteris.														aphylla				aphylla 	aphylla 			aphylla (G. S. Miller, 1898)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Jamaican flower bat	Jamaica	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Jamaica.	Miller	1898	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 50:334.	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Jamaican flower bat	Jamaica; K	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Miller	1898	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:334.	Subgenus Reithronycteris.	Jamaica.	Jamaica.		MILLER	1898	Size relatively small (forearm length, 44-49 mm; condylobasal length, 21-24 mm).	Distribution: Same as for subgenus.	No subspecies.		79	species	P. aphylla	MILLER	1898	Reithronycteris	subgenus	Phyllonycteris aphylla				Size relatively small (forearm length, 44-49 mm; condylobasal length, 21-24 mm).	No subspecies.		2. P. aphylla (MILLER 1898).	2	NA			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycterinae		Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris	Reithronycteris	aphylla	Miller	y	1898		Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.	50		334		Jamaican Flower Bat	Jamaica.	Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Endangered.		Subgenus Reithronycteris.	03A687BCFF91FF9113FAF525F941F55C	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Phyllostomidae_444.pdf.imf	hash://md5/ff9fffc4ffb1ffb1133cffbaffe0f244	516	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/A6/87/03A687BCFF91FF9113FAF525F941F55C.xml	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycteris	aphylla		1898	Phyllonyctere de Jamaique @fr | Jamaika-Blltenfledermaus @de | Filonicteriode Jamaica @es	Reithronycteris aphylla G. S. Miller, 1898 , “ Jamaica .” This species is monotypic.	Jamaica .	Head-body 72-76 mm, tail 7-10 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 16-18 mm, forearm 44-48 mm; weight 14-15 g. Males are significantly larger than females in several external and skull measurements. Dorsal fur of Jamaican Flower Bat is light yellowish brown, almost indistinguishable from venter. Fur is almost 6 mm long, and almost no fur extends onto wing membranes. Muzzle is conspicuously broad, terminating in disk-shaped rudimentary noseleaf. Ears and wing membranes are light brown, and wings join distal part oftibia; tail is included in uropatagium, reaching its middle width. Uropatagium is very narrow (c. 6 mm ). Footis very large, with no trace of calcar. Skull is robust and massive, rostrum is broad and deep,sagittal and lambdoid crests are well developed, and zygomatic arches are incomplete. Dental formula of all species of Phyllonycterisis12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 32. Chromosomal complement of all species of Phyllonycteris is 2n = 32 and FN = 60; all biarmed autosomes are in graded series from large to small, X-chromosome is medium-sized and metacentric, and Y-chromosome is minute and acrocentric.	Mostly lowland vegetation associated with limestone areas and lower montane rainforests. Occasionally found in clearings and plantations. One ofthe largest recent collections came from Orange Valley and other open areas with large streams or ponds and fruit trees; other individuals were netted in orchards of native and cultivated fruit trees.	Jamaican Flower Bats eat ripening native and cultivated fruits, pollen, nectar, and perhaps insects. Captive individuals thrived on a diet of bananas, mangoes, papayas, and various kinds of canned fruit nectars.	A female carrying a single embryo was caught in late January; lactating females were recorded in January and early July. It appears that the Jamaican Flower Bat is polyestrous. Males with enlarged testes have been found in July and December.	Limited data suggested that Jamaican Flower Bats began feeding at least one hour after dusk, with most individuals leaving roosts between 18:00 h and 21:30 h. Activity has been recorded throughout the night. The Jamaican Flower Bat seems to prefer large underground caves with flowing water.	The Jamaican Flower Bat is colonial and often roosts with other bats species. Known colonies in large underground caves used to have a few hundred individuals, but this has changed over the past few decades. At these caves,it has been reported along with Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellit), Macleay’s Mustached Bat (P. macleayi), the Antillean Ghostfaced Bat ( Mormoops blainviller), Leach’s Single-leaf Bat ( Monophyllus redman), the Buffy Flower Bat ( Erophylla sexekorni), the Jamaican Fruiteating Bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), and the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus). Inside caves,Jamaican Flower Bats prefer long straight passageways, with higher temperatures and relative humidity.	Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Overall population of the Jamaican Flower Batis estimated to be fewer than 250 mature individuals, with continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals inferred since the 1970s; known subpopulations are unlikely to exceed 50 mature individuals. The only major colony (St. Clair Cave) used to contain a few hundred individuals, but there are no recent records from it. This cave is not protected and is vulnerable to human disturbance, has a population offeral cats living by the entrance, and is surrounded by unprotected land. According to surveys, theJamaican Flower Bat is only found in two caves: Marta Tick Cave (last surveyed in 1983) and Stony Hill Cave (2010).	Genoways et al. (2005) | Goodwin (1970) | Howe (1974) | Koopman (1952) | McFarlane (1986) | Miller (1898a, 1907)	https://zenodo.org/record/6458718/files/figure.png	59. Jamaican Flower Bat Phyllonycteris aphylla French: Phyllonyctere de Jamaique / German: Jamaika-Blltenfledermaus / Spanish: Filonicterio de Jamaica Taxonomy. Reithronycteris aphylla G. S. Miller, 1898 , “ Jamaica .” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Jamaica . Descriptive notes. Head-body 72-76 mm, tail 7-10 mm, ear 15-18 mm, hindfoot 16-18 mm, forearm 44-48 mm; weight 14-15 g. Males are significantly larger than females in several external and skull measurements. Dorsal fur of Jamaican Flower Bat is light yellowish brown, almost indistinguishable from venter. Fur is almost 6 mm long, and almost no fur extends onto wing membranes. Muzzle is conspicuously broad, terminating in disk-shaped rudimentary noseleaf. Ears and wing membranes are light brown, and wings join distal part oftibia; tail is included in uropatagium, reaching its middle width. Uropatagium is very narrow (c. 6 mm ). Footis very large, with no trace of calcar. Skull is robust and massive, rostrum is broad and deep,sagittal and lambdoid crests are well developed, and zygomatic arches are incomplete. Dental formula of all species of Phyllonycterisis12/2,C1/1,P2/2,M 3/3 ( x2 ) = 32. Chromosomal complement of all species of Phyllonycteris is 2n = 32 and FN = 60; all biarmed autosomes are in graded series from large to small, X-chromosome is medium-sized and metacentric, and Y-chromosome is minute and acrocentric. Habitat. Mostly lowland vegetation associated with limestone areas and lower montane rainforests. Occasionally found in clearings and plantations. One ofthe largest recent collections came from Orange Valley and other open areas with large streams or ponds and fruit trees; other individuals were netted in orchards of native and cultivated fruit trees. Food and Feeding. Jamaican Flower Bats eat ripening native and cultivated fruits, pollen, nectar, and perhaps insects. Captive individuals thrived on a diet of bananas, mangoes, papayas, and various kinds of canned fruit nectars. Breeding. A female carrying a single embryo was caught in late January; lactating females were recorded in January and early July. It appears that the Jamaican Flower Bat is polyestrous. Males with enlarged testes have been found in July and December. Activity patterns. Limited data suggested that Jamaican Flower Bats began feeding at least one hour after dusk, with most individuals leaving roosts between 18:00 h and 21:30 h. Activity has been recorded throughout the night. The Jamaican Flower Bat seems to prefer large underground caves with flowing water. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Jamaican Flower Bat is colonial and often roosts with other bats species. Known colonies in large underground caves used to have a few hundred individuals, but this has changed over the past few decades. At these caves,it has been reported along with Parnell’s Common Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellit), Macleay’s Mustached Bat (P. macleayi), the Antillean Ghostfaced Bat ( Mormoops blainviller), Leach’s Single-leaf Bat ( Monophyllus redman), the Buffy Flower Bat ( Erophylla sexekorni), the Jamaican Fruiteating Bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), and the Caribbean Lesser Funnel-eared Bat ( Chilonatalus micropus). Inside caves,Jamaican Flower Bats prefer long straight passageways, with higher temperatures and relative humidity. Status and Conservation. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Overall population of the Jamaican Flower Batis estimated to be fewer than 250 mature individuals, with continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals inferred since the 1970s; known subpopulations are unlikely to exceed 50 mature individuals. The only major colony (St. Clair Cave) used to contain a few hundred individuals, but there are no recent records from it. This cave is not protected and is vulnerable to human disturbance, has a population offeral cats living by the entrance, and is surrounded by unprotected land. According to surveys, theJamaican Flower Bat is only found in two caves: Marta Tick Cave (last surveyed in 1983) and Stony Hill Cave (2010). Bibliography. Genoways et al. (2005), Goodwin (1970), Howe (1974), Koopman (1952), McFarlane (1986), Miller (1898a, 1907).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Phyllonycteris	Reithronycteris	aphylla	Miller	1898	1	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.	55:34:00	Jamaican Flower Bat	None.	Jamaica.	Jamaica.	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Subgenus Reithronycteris .	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Phyllonycteris aphylla	23	Jamaican Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	BRACHYPHYLLINI	Phyllonycteris	NA	aphylla	G. S. Miller	1898	1	Reithronycteris_aphylla	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1898). Descriptions of Five New Phyllostome Bats. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 50, 334.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1647820#page/336/mode/1up	USNM 255514		"Jamaica."			aphylla (G. S. Miller, 1898)	NA	NA	Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	sciname match	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17173	Phyllonycteris aphylla	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	PHYLLOSTOMIDAE	Phyllonycteris	aphylla	(Miller, 1898)		20000000	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)	2015	2015-03-06 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	<span lang="EN-US">This species is known only from Jamaica and has been found recently at only two caves: Marta Tick Cave (1983) and Stony Hill Cave (2010). The population size is estimated to be under 250 mature individuals with fewer than 50 mature individuals at each known subpopulation (roosting caves). There is a continuing decline in mature individuals inferred from the decline in the number of subpopulations since the 1970s. This species is Critically Endangered.</span></span>	This species is colonial and roosts in caves, often together with other bats species. A female with one embryo was caught in January; and a pregnant female captured in June (Genoways et al. 2005). Its diet consists of fruit, pollen, nectar and perhaps insects (Nowak 1999); captive individuals thrived on a diet of bananas, mangoes, papayas and various kinds of canned fruit nectars (Nowak 1999).	<span lang="EN-US">There are no recent records from the only known major colony of St. Clair Cave, which contained a few hundred individuals. ;That cave is not protected and is vulnerable to human disturbance ;(Nowak 1999). It has a population of feral cats living by the entrance and its surrounding area is unprotected as well.	This species was previously known from five or six caves in Jamaica but has been found recently at only two caves, representing two extant subpopulations: Marta Tick Cave (1983) and Stony Hill Cave (2010). Until the 1970s, when it was captured extant at three caves, the largest subpopulation was of 50-60 to perhaps a few hundred individuals concentrated at St. Clair Cave (McFarlane 1986). Recent surveys in 1984 by the Royal Ontario Museum, and in 2005 and 2009-2010 by Andrea Donaldson have failed to detect individuals at St. Clair Cave. Additional surveys at the potentially suitable sites of Riverhead Cave, Mount Plenty Cave and Oxford Cave have also failed to detect this species.	Decreasing	This species is known only from Jamaica (Simmons 2005).	This species is not used.	Terrestrial	Habitat conservation<span lang="EN-US">, monitoring of St. Clair Cave and active surveys at other hot caves are recommended.	Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycteris	Reithronycteris	aphylla	Miller	1898	1	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.	55:34:00	Jamaican Flower Bat	None.	Jamaica.	Jamaica.	Not listed.	Critically Endangered	Subgenus Reithronycteris .	Phyllonycteris aphylla	1004887	23	Jamaican Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	NOCTILIONOIDEA	Phyllostomidae	GLOSSOPHAGINAE	BRACHYPHYLLINI	Phyllonycteris	NA	aphylla	G. S. Miller	1898	1	Reithronycteris_aphylla	Miller, G. S., Jr. (1898). Descriptions of Five New Phyllostome Bats. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 50, 334.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1647820#page/336/mode/1up	USNM 255514		"Jamaica."			aphylla (G. S. Miller, 1898)	NA	NA				Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	sciname match	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	1004887	23	Jamaican Flower Bat		Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Noctilionoidea	Phyllostomidae	Glossophaginae	Brachyphyllini	Phyllonycteris	NA	aphylla	G. S. Miller	1	Reithronycteris aphylla	Miller, G.S., Jr. 1898-08-02. Descriptions of five new phyllostome bats. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 50:326-337.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1647828	USNM:MAMM:255514	holotype	http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3fa9582f8-dc20-4b3c-bc34-822bd6683a2d	"Jamaica."			NA	NA				Jamaica	North America	Neotropic	CR	0	0	0	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	sciname match	Phyllonycteris_aphylla	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Phyllostomidae	Phyllonycteris	Reithronycteris	aphylla	Miller	1898	1	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.	55:34:00	Jamaican Flower Bat	None.	Jamaica.	Jamaica.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17173/22133396/' target='_blank'>Critically Endangered</a>	Subgenus Reithronycteris.		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	Phyllonycterina	Phyllonycteris aphylla; Phyllonycteris aphylla; Phyllonycteris aphylla; Phyllonycteris aphylla; Phyllonycteris aphylla; Phyllonycteris aphylla; aphylla; Phyllonyctere de Jamaique; Jamaika-Blltenfledermaus; Filonicteriode Jamaica; Jamaican Flower Bat; Jamaican Flower Bat; Jamaican Flower Bat; P. aphylla