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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1131	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis subflavus		[MSW2] Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to a new genus Perimyotis, but comparisons are clearly inadequate; see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984, Mammalian Species, 228).; [MSW3] Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis), but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984).; [HMW] Vespertilio subflavus F. Cuvier, 1832 , “De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA ].” Previously paced in Pipistrellus , subgenus Perimyotis , but morphological and molecular data support raising Perimyotis to genus level. Races based on morphological differences. Four subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Subgenus Perimyotis . Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis) , but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).; [MDD2022] moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis; [IUCN] Use of the genus Perimyotis instead of Pipistrellus follows the recommendations of Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003).; [batnames2023] Subgenus Perimyotis . Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis) , but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).; [MDD2023] moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis; [MDD2025_2.0] moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis; [batnames2025_1.7] Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis), but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).; [MDD2025_2.2] moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis						clarus, erythrodactylus, floridanus, monticola, obscurus, veraecrucis.	subflavus, floridanus, clarus, veraecrucis	subflavus, clarus, floridanus, veraecrucis	erythrodactylus, monticola, obscurus	subflavus, clarus, flonidanus, veraecrucis		subflavus, clarus, floridanus, veraecrucis	subflavus - erythrodactylus, monticola, obscurus	subflavus, erythrodactylus, monticola, veraecrucis, obscurus, clarus, floridanus	Use of the genus Perimyotis instead of Pipistrellus follows the recommendations of Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003).	subflavus, clarus, floridanus, veraecrucis	subflavus - erythrodactylus, monticola, obscurus	subflavus, erythrodactylus, monticola, veraecrucis, obscurus, clarus, floridanus	subflavus, erythrodactylus, monticola, georgianus, veraecrucis, obscurus, veracrucis, clarus, floridanus	clarus, floridanus, subflavus, veraecrucis	subflavus - erythrodactylus, monticola, obscurus	subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)|erythrodactylus (Temminck, 1840)|monticola (Audubon & Bachman, 1841)|monticole (De Kay, 1842) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|georgianus (H. Allen, 1864)|veraecrucis (H. L. Ward, 1891)|obscurus (G. S. Miller, 1897)|veracrucis (E. R. Hall & Dalquest, 1950) [incorrect subsequent spelling]|clarus (R. H. Baker, 1954)|floridanus (W. H. Davis, 1957)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Eastern pipistrelle	SE Canada – Honduras	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Pipistrellus subflavus	U.S.A., Georgia.	F. Cuvier	1832	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17.	Distribution: Ranging through eastern North America from southeastern Canada to Honduras		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Eastern pipistrelle	SE Canada – Guatemala, Honduras	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	F. Cuvier	1832	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17.	Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to a new genus Perimyotis, but comparisons are clearly inadequate; see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984, Mammalian Species, 228).	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	USA, Georgia.		F. CUVIER	1832	Size relatively small (forearm length, 29-36 mm). Anterior upper premolar in toothrow. Lower canine fairly slender.	Distribution: Ranging through eastern North America from southeastern Canada to Honduras	Four subspecies are currently recognized:	P. s. subflavus (southeastern Canada to northeastern Mexico), P. s.floridanus (Florida and Georgia), P. s. clarus (a small area in Texas and Coahuila), P. s. veraecrucis (southeastern Mexico to Honduras).	112	species	P. subflavus	F. CUVIER	1832	Pipistrellus	subgenus	Pipistrellus subflavus				Size relatively small (forearm length, 29-36 mm). Anterior upper premolar in toothrow. Lower canine fairly slender.	Four subspecies are currently recognized:		5. P. subflavus (F. CUVIER 1832) [pipistrellus group].	5	_P. s. clarus_ (Baker, 1954); _P. s. floridanus_ (Davis, 1957); _P. s. subflavus_ (Cuvier, 1832) (synonyms: _erythrodactylus_ (Temminck, 1840), _georgianus_ (Allen, 1864), _monticola_ (Audubon & Bachman, 1841), _obscurus_ (Miller, 1897)); _P. s. veraecrucis_ (Ward, 1891)			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Pipistrellini	Pipistrellus subflavus	Pipistrellus	Perimyotis	subflavus	F. Cuvier	y	1832		Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	1		17		Eastern Pipistrelle	USA, Georgia.	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	erythrodactylus Temminck, 1835-1841; monticola Audubon and Bachman, 1841; obscurus Miller, 1897; clarus Baker, 1954; floridanus Davis, 1957; veraecrucis Ward, 1891.	Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis), but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984).	4C3D87E8FF9A6A26FA7A95511C45B82A	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	855	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF9A6A26FA7A95511C45B82A.xml	Perimyotis subflavus	Vespertilionidae	Perimyotis	subflavus		1832	Blondin de Cuvier @fr | Dreifarb-Zwergfledermaus @de | Pipistrelatricolor @es | Eastern Pipistrelle @en	Vespertilio subflavus F. Cuvier, 1832 , “De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA ].” Previously paced in Pipistrellus , subgenus Perimyotis , but morphological and molecular data support raising Perimyotis to genus level. Races based on morphological differences. Four subspecies recognized.	P.s.subflavusF.Cuvier,1832—SECanada(SQuebec,NewBrunswick,andNovaScotia)andEUSA(MinnesotaandNewEnglandStoTexasandSGeorgia;isolatedrecordinColorado). P.s.clarusR.H.Baker,1954—NCoahuilainNEMexicoandadjacentpartsofTexas(USA). P.s.flonidanusW.H.Davis,1957—SEGeorgiaandthroughoutFloridaPeninsula. P.s. veraecrucis Ward, 1891 — NE Mexico S to Guatemala and NE Honduras .	Head-body c.43-48 mm, tail 34-41 mm, ear 12-4-14-1 mm, hindfoot 7-3-9-9 mm, forearm 31-4-34-1 mm; weight 5-10 g. Females larger than males. Fur medium to long (dorsal fur 5-8 mm); dorsal hairs tricolored, being dark at base, lighter and yellowish brown in middle, and dark attip; pelage color varies geographically, from pale yellow orange to dark reddish brown dorsally, and from pale yellow orange to dark mahogany ventrally; long guard hairs are completely orange orsilvery. Ears short, tapering to narrowly rounded tip, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril; tragus long, straight, and bluntly rounded. Muzzle and facial areas contain sebaceous glands with hair follicles. Membranes are blackish, contrasting with reddish forearms; membrane between second and third metacarpal is mummy brown. Plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at level of base of toes; anterior one-third of interfemoral membrane is furred; calcar is unkeeled. Baculum is Y-shaped with prongs at proximal position. Skull is small (greatest skull length 12-4-13-1 mm); rostrum gently sloped with no concavities on dorsal surface. Upper incisors have wider tips than bases; there are eight teeth in upper quadrant; upper incisors unicuspid. Dental formulais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with ten large to medium-sized metacentric and submetacentric pairs of autosomes, four small submetacentric, a medium-sized submetacentric X-chromosome, and a small acrocentric Y-chromosome.	Open woods, grassland, and semideciduous forests.	Insectivorous, foraging in forests, agricultural fields, forest edges, and open habitats, mostly near water bodies. Diet includes a large variety of insects, particularly Lepidoptera , Coleoptera , and Orthoptera , all caught in flight. During feeding maneuvers, tail and wing membranes are used to capture and restrain prey. Tail membrane forms a pouch-like compartment, and the bat must bend its head forward in order to grasp the insect with its teeth and take it into its mouth.	Copulation occurs August-October, the only period when males and females are together in roosts. During breeding season, females mate with several males; after copulation, females store sperm over hibernation until they ovulate in spring. Insemination occurs in spring. Up to seven ova may be fertilized, but only two will implant, resulting in twins. Gestation lasts c.45 days from time of implantation to parturition. Births occur from end of Mayto earlyJuly. Sexual maturity is at c.1 year of age.	Nocturnal, with emergence just after sunset. Summer roosts include rock crevices, caves, human buildings, and tree foliage; in winter, caves, mines, and deep crevices serve as hibernacula. Call means are: minimum frequency 43 kHz, maximum frequency 71-5 kHz, peak frequency 46 kHz, bandwidth 28-5 kHz, and call duration 5-6-8 milliseconds.	Movements poorly understood. Some evidence suggests the species may undertake annual latitudinal migrations, similar to other North American long-distance migratory bats. Longest migration distance recorded was a female banded in April in Massachusetts , and recovered at least 52 km away in its hibernaculum. This species is obligate hibernator, even in warmer climates with available food; it generally hibernates alone, but groups of 2-3 occur. During summer, females roost in maternity colonies (average 15 individuals); males roost alone. On following pages: 204. Van Gelder’s Bat ( Bauerus dubiaquercus ); 205. Pallid Bat ( Antrozous pallidus ); 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa tumida ); 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa aenea ): 208. Bickham's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa bickhami ); 209. Menchu'’s Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa menchuae ); 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa velilla ); 211. Tiny Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa minutilla ); 212. Genoways's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa genowaysi ); 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa io); 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa parvula ); 215. Least Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa mira ); 216. Allen's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa alleni ); 217. Slender Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa gracilis ); 218. Husson's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa hussoni ); 219. Western Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus ); 220. Caspian Barbastelle ( Barbastella caspica); 221. Arabian Barbastelle ( Barbastella leucomelas ): 222. Eastern Barbastelle ( Barbastella darjelingensis ); 223. Japanese Barbastelle ( Barbastella pacifica ); 224. Beijing Barbastelle ( Barbastella beijingensis ).	Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List, because of the advance of White-nose Syndrome (caused by an invasive European fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans) over much of its range; population could decrease by 45% over next 15 years. Despite expected large population, occurrence in protected areas, and tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, the impact of this disease has been extremely severe.	Adams et al. (2018) | Fraser et al. (2012) | Fujita & Kunz (1984) | Gaona & Medellin (2014) | Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2003) | Menu (1984) | Roehrs et al. (2010) | Simmons (2005) | Solari (2018k) | Whitaker & Hamilton (1998) | Wilson & Ruff (1999)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398240/files/figure.png	203. Tricolored Bat Perimyotis subflavus French: Blondin de Cuvier / German: Dreifarb-Zwergfledermaus / Spanish: Pipistrela tricolor Other common names: Eastern Pipistrelle Taxonomy. Vespertilio subflavus F. Cuvier, 1832 , “De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA ].” Previously paced in Pipistrellus , subgenus Perimyotis , but morphological and molecular data support raising Perimyotis to genus level. Races based on morphological differences. Four subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. P.s.subflavusF.Cuvier,1832—SECanada(SQuebec,NewBrunswick,andNovaScotia)andEUSA(MinnesotaandNewEnglandStoTexasandSGeorgia;isolatedrecordinColorado). P.s.clarusR.H.Baker,1954—NCoahuilainNEMexicoandadjacentpartsofTexas(USA). P.s.flonidanusW.H.Davis,1957—SEGeorgiaandthroughoutFloridaPeninsula. P.s. veraecrucis Ward, 1891 — NE Mexico S to Guatemala and NE Honduras . Descriptive notes. Head-body c.43-48 mm, tail 34-41 mm, ear 12-4-14-1 mm, hindfoot 7-3-9-9 mm, forearm 31-4-34-1 mm; weight 5-10 g. Females larger than males. Fur medium to long (dorsal fur 5-8 mm); dorsal hairs tricolored, being dark at base, lighter and yellowish brown in middle, and dark attip; pelage color varies geographically, from pale yellow orange to dark reddish brown dorsally, and from pale yellow orange to dark mahogany ventrally; long guard hairs are completely orange orsilvery. Ears short, tapering to narrowly rounded tip, extending forward halfway from eye to nostril; tragus long, straight, and bluntly rounded. Muzzle and facial areas contain sebaceous glands with hair follicles. Membranes are blackish, contrasting with reddish forearms; membrane between second and third metacarpal is mummy brown. Plagiopatagium is broadly attached to foot at level of base of toes; anterior one-third of interfemoral membrane is furred; calcar is unkeeled. Baculum is Y-shaped with prongs at proximal position. Skull is small (greatest skull length 12-4-13-1 mm); rostrum gently sloped with no concavities on dorsal surface. Upper incisors have wider tips than bases; there are eight teeth in upper quadrant; upper incisors unicuspid. Dental formulais12/3,C1/1,P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56, with ten large to medium-sized metacentric and submetacentric pairs of autosomes, four small submetacentric, a medium-sized submetacentric X-chromosome, and a small acrocentric Y-chromosome. Habitat. Open woods, grassland, and semideciduous forests. Food and Feeding. Insectivorous, foraging in forests, agricultural fields, forest edges, and open habitats, mostly near water bodies. Diet includes a large variety of insects, particularly Lepidoptera , Coleoptera , and Orthoptera , all caught in flight. During feeding maneuvers, tail and wing membranes are used to capture and restrain prey. Tail membrane forms a pouch-like compartment, and the bat must bend its head forward in order to grasp the insect with its teeth and take it into its mouth. Breeding. Copulation occurs August-October, the only period when males and females are together in roosts. During breeding season, females mate with several males; after copulation, females store sperm over hibernation until they ovulate in spring. Insemination occurs in spring. Up to seven ova may be fertilized, but only two will implant, resulting in twins. Gestation lasts c.45 days from time of implantation to parturition. Births occur from end of Mayto earlyJuly. Sexual maturity is at c.1 year of age. Activity patterns. Nocturnal, with emergence just after sunset. Summer roosts include rock crevices, caves, human buildings, and tree foliage; in winter, caves, mines, and deep crevices serve as hibernacula. Call means are: minimum frequency 43 kHz, maximum frequency 71-5 kHz, peak frequency 46 kHz, bandwidth 28-5 kHz, and call duration 5-6-8 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Movements poorly understood. Some evidence suggests the species may undertake annual latitudinal migrations, similar to other North American long-distance migratory bats. Longest migration distance recorded was a female banded in April in Massachusetts , and recovered at least 52 km away in its hibernaculum. This species is obligate hibernator, even in warmer climates with available food; it generally hibernates alone, but groups of 2-3 occur. During summer, females roost in maternity colonies (average 15 individuals); males roost alone. On following pages: 204. Van Gelder’s Bat ( Bauerus dubiaquercus ); 205. Pallid Bat ( Antrozous pallidus ); 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa tumida ); 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa aenea ): 208. Bickham's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa bickhami ); 209. Menchu'’s Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa menchuae ); 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa velilla ); 211. Tiny Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa minutilla ); 212. Genoways's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa genowaysi ); 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa io); 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa parvula ); 215. Least Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa mira ); 216. Allen's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa alleni ); 217. Slender Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa gracilis ); 218. Husson's Yellow Bat ( Rhogeessa hussoni ); 219. Western Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus ); 220. Caspian Barbastelle ( Barbastella caspica); 221. Arabian Barbastelle ( Barbastella leucomelas ): 222. Eastern Barbastelle ( Barbastella darjelingensis ); 223. Japanese Barbastelle ( Barbastella pacifica ); 224. Beijing Barbastelle ( Barbastella beijingensis ). Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The [UCN Red List, because of the advance of White-nose Syndrome (caused by an invasive European fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans) over much of its range; population could decrease by 45% over next 15 years. Despite expected large population, occurrence in protected areas, and tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, the impact of this disease has been extremely severe. Bibliography. Adams et al. (2018), Fraser et al. (2012), Fujita & Kunz (1984), Gaona & Medellin (2014), Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2003), Menu (1984), Roehrs et al. (2010), Simmons (2005), Solari (2018k), Whitaker & Hamilton (1998), Wilson & Ruff (1999).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Perimyotis subflavus	Perimyotis	Perimyotis	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1832	1	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	1:17	Tricolored Bat	 erythrodactylus Temminck, 1835-1841; monticola Audubon and Bachman, 1841; obscurus Miller, 1897; <b>clarus</b>  Baker, 1954; <b> floridanus </b> Davis, 1957; <b>veraecrucis</b> Ward, 1891.	USA, Georgia.	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Subgenus Perimyotis . Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis) , but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Perimyotis subflavus	23	Tricolored Bat	Eastern Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PERIMYOTINI	Perimyotis	NA	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1832	1						"De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA]."			subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)|erythrodactylus (Temminck, 1841)|monticola (Audubon & Bachman, 1841)|veraecrucis (H. L. Ward, 1891)|obscurus (G. S. Miller, 1897)|clarus (R. H. Baker, 1954)|floridanus (W. H. Davis, 1957)	moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis	Hoofer, S. R., Van Den Bussche, R. A., & Horáček, I. (2006). Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of mammalogy, 87(5), 981-992.	Canada|United States|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Perimyotis_subflavus	0	oldname match	Pipistrellus_subflavus	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	17366	Perimyotis subflavus	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Perimyotis	subflavus	F. Cuvier, 1832	Use of the genus Perimyotis instead of Pipistrellus follows the recommendations of Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003).	20000000	Perimyotis subflavus	Vulnerable	A3bce	2018	2018-02-16 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This species is listed as Vulnerable because of the advance of white-nose syndrome (WNS) over a large part of its eastern distribution, its population decrease could reach 45% over the next 15 years, causing its listing as a threatened species. Although it has a presumed large population, occurrence in a number of protected areas, and certain tolerance to some degree of habitat modification, the impact of this disease has been extremely severe for eastern North American bats, especially those with large hibernating roosts.	Eastern Pipistrelles can be found in open woods near the edges of water, as well as over water. They are not usually found in open fields or deep forests (Schmidly 1991, Nowak 1999). They roost in rock crevices, caves, buildings, and tree foliage in the summer. During the winter, caves, mines, and deep crevices serve as hibernacula (Briggler and Prather 2003, Sandel et al.  ;2001). Eastern Pipistrelles copulate between August and October while “swarming” in front of cave openings. This is the only time the sexes of this species are together- during this time females mate with multiple males (Whitaker and Hamilton 1998). Eastern Pipistrelles are insectivores and are considered generalists (Hamlin and Myers 2004), they forage most commonly over waterways and at forest edges, analyses of stomach content reveals that its diet is composed of Coleoptera, Homoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera (Fujita and Kunz 1984). Eastern Pipistrelles are sporadic flyers with a short elliptical flight pattern (Patterson and Hardin 1969). They show a slow, erratic and fluttery flight while foraging (Fujita and Kunz 1984), and are often confused for moths (Whitaker and Hamilton 1998).	Recently, the white-nose syndrome (WNS) is becoming the major threat to hibernating bats ; in caves (hibernacula) and a number of studies have called the attention that the spread of this disease can extirpate whole caves from the distribution range for some species, including P . subflavus ; (Alves ;et al . 2014). Also, with populations of many cave-hibernating bat species in eastern North America declining as a result of WNS, it is increasingly critical to understand relationships among bats ;and forest-management activities. ;This species is known to have very specific requirements for roosts on trees. Some studies indicate this species could be affected by wind turbines for generation of energy along part of its distribution.	Perimyotis subflavus is locally abundant in caves during winter but its summer habits are poorly known (Wilson and Ruff 1999). Eastern Pipistrelles have a lifespan of 4 to 8 years in the wild, with the oldest ;known record being ;14.8 years. (Nowak 1999, Whitaker and Hamilton 1998) Eastern Pipistrelles are obligate hibernators, in warmer climates they hibernate even though food is available (Briggler and Prather 2003). They enter the hibernaculum in late July-October and leave at the beginning of April (Fujita and Kunz 1984). They hibernate in the deepest part of the hibernaculum where temperatures are stable (Schmidly 1991). Hibernating colonies can consist of several thousand individuals, sometimes they share a hibernaculum with other local species (Wilson and Ruff 1999). Eastern Pipistrelles generally hibernate individually, but groups of 2 or 3 have been observed in Texas caves (Sandel et al.  2001). Eastern pipistrelles might choose hibercula based on the closeness to and abundance of forests available to them (Sandel et al . 2001). They also prefer hibernacula with east-facing openings (Briggler and Prather 2003). During the summer, female P. subflavus roost in maternity colonies with an average of 15 individuals. Males roost alone (Whitaker 1998). The potential impact of WNS on eastern North American bats (Alves ;et al . 2014) suggests a pessimistic scenario for ;P. subflavus , which will probably be affected with over 60% of population decline, and could be considered as Endangered (EN) or, if the impact is not so severe, as Vulnerable (VU). The current distribution of this species is very congruent with the potential spread of WNS.	Decreasing	This species is found in Nova Scotia, South Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota south to Florida (USA) and Honduras, all along the eastern side of the continent (Wilson and Ruff 1999, Simmons ;2005).		Terrestrial	Forest management could help to keep stable populations by increasing areas for roosting and foraging. The species occurs in protected areas in Mexico.	Nearctic|Neotropical		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Perimyotis	Perimyotis	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1832	1	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	1:17	Tricolored Bat	 erythrodactylus Temminck, 1835-1841; monticola Audubon and Bachman, 1841; obscurus Miller, 1897; <b>clarus</b>  Baker, 1954; <b> floridanus </b> Davis, 1957; <b>veraecrucis</b> Ward, 1891.	USA, Georgia.	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	Not listed.	Vulnerable	Subgenus Perimyotis . Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis) , but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).	Perimyotis subflavus	1005596	23	Tricolored Bat	Eastern Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PERIMYOTINI	Perimyotis	NA	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1832	1						"De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA]."			subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)|erythrodactylus (Temminck, 1841)|monticola (Audubon & Bachman, 1841)|veraecrucis (H. L. Ward, 1891)|obscurus (G. S. Miller, 1897)|clarus (R. H. Baker, 1954)|floridanus (W. H. Davis, 1957)	moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis	Hoofer, S. R., Van Den Bussche, R. A., & Horáček, I. (2006). Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of mammalogy, 87(5), 981-992.			USA(TX,OK,KS,NE,IA,MN,WI,MI,IL,IN,OH,MO,AR,LA,MS,TN,KY,AL,GA,FL,NC,SC,VA,WV,DC,DE,MD,NJ,PA,NY,CT,RI,MA,VT,NH,ME)	Canada|United States|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Perimyotis_subflavus	0	oldname match	Pipistrellus_subflavus	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Perimyotis_subflavus	1005596	23	Tricolored Bat	Eastern Pipistrelle	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	incertae sedis	Perimyotis	NA	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1	Vespertilio subflavus	Cuvier, F. 1832. Essai de classification naturelle des vespertilions, et description de plusieurs espèces de ce genre. Nouvelles annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 1:1-21.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33122264	lost (number not known)	holotype		"De Géorgia [= Georgia, USA]."			moved from Pipistrelles to Perimyotis	Hoofer, S. R., Van Den Bussche, R. A., & Horáček, I. (2006). Generic status of the American pipistrelles (Vespertilionidae) with description of a new genus. Journal of mammalogy, 87(5), 981-992.			USA(TX,OK,KS,NE,IA,MN,WI,MI,IL,IN,OH,MO,AR,LA,MS,TN,KY,AL,GA,FL,NC,SC,VA,WV,DC,DE,MD,NJ,PA,NY,CT,RI,MA,VT,NH,ME)	Canada|United States|Mexico|Belize|Guatemala|Honduras	North America	Nearctic|Neotropic	VU	0	0	0	Perimyotis_subflavus	0	oldname match	Pipistrellus_subflavus	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Perimyotis	Perimyotis	subflavus	F. Cuvier	1832	1	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris	1:17	Tricolored Bat	erythrodactylus Temminck, 1835-1841; monticola Audubon and Bachman, 1841; obscurus Miller, 1897; clarus  Baker, 1954; floridanus Davis, 1957; veraecrucis Ward, 1891.	USA, Georgia.	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/17366/22123514/' target='_blank'>Vulnerable</a>	Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis), but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984). Does not occur in Belize (B. Miller, pers. comm., 4/4/2019).		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Pipistrellus subflavus; Perimyotis subflavus; Perimyotis subflavus; Perimyotis subflavus; Perimyotis subflavus; Perimyotis subflavus; subflavus; clarus; floridanus; veraecrucis; erythrodactylus; monticola; obscurus; subflavus; clarus; flonidanus; veraecrucis; clarus; floridanus; veraecrucis; erythrodactylus; monticola; obscurus; subflavus; erythrodactylus; monticola; veraecrucis; obscurus; clarus; floridanus; Blondin de Cuvier; Dreifarb-Zwergfledermaus; Pipistrelatricolor; Eastern Pipistrelle; Tricolored Bat; Eastern Pipistrelle; Eastern Pipistrelle; Tricolored Bat; P. subflavus