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line:xlsx:hash://sha256/181a039844a33e66a35a457b7ece741051086608e425a040051b79581d606b97!/Sheet1!/L1110	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	Otonycteris hemprichi	Otonycteris hemprichi	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichi	Otonycteris hemprichi	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris hemprichii		[MSW3] Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994), but Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) have argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies.; [HMW] Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 , type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan , Egypt and Chondek, Sudan . Based on genetic data, Otonycteris is sister genus to New World Corynorhinus . This species previously included O. leucophaea as a synonym, but genetic and morphological data support their separation as distinct species. There is a clinal variation in mensural data across the range but genetic and morphological data support accepting three races, although respective range limits are unclear, especially between cinerea and jin. Race jin may be a distinct species, but further study is needed. Three subspecies recognized.; [batnames2022] Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010); [MDD2022] previously included O. leucophaea; [batnames2023] Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010); [MDD2023] previously included O. leucophaea; [MDD2025_2.0] previously included O. leucophaea; [batnames2025_1.7] Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010); [MDD2025_2.2] previously included O. leucophaea						cinerea, jin, leucophaeus, petersi, saharae.	hemprichi, jin, petersi, leucophaeus, cinerea		brevimanus, cinerea, jin, leucophaeus, petersi, saharae, ustus	hemprichii, cinerea, jin		hemprichii, cinerea, jin	hemprichii - petersi, saharae, ustus	hemprichii, ustus, petersi, cinerea, jin, saharae		hemprichii, cinerea, jin	hemprichii - petersi, saharae, ustus	hemprichii, ustus, petersi, cinerea, jin, saharae 	hemprichii, ustus, usta, petersi, cinerea, jin, saharae, hemprichi	cinerea, hemprichii, jin	hemprichii - petersi, saharae, ustus	hemprichii W. C. H. Peters, 1859|ustus (von Heuglin in von Heuglin & Fitzinger, 1866) [nomen nudum]|usta (von Heuglin, 1877)|petersi J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902|hemprichi Satunin, 1905 [incorrect subsequent spelling]|cinerea Satunin, 1909|jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924|saharae (Laurent, 1936)		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1980. A World List of Mammalian Species. British Museum (Natural History), London, 226 pp.	Hemprich's long-eared bat	Algeria – Egypt – Afghanistan	Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. and Koeppl, J.W. 1982. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, 694 pp.	Otonycteris hemprichi	Egypt, Nile Valley south of Assuan (Aswan).	Peters	1859	Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 223.	Distribution: Same as for genus.		Corbet, G.B. and Hill, J.E. 1991. A World List of Mammalian Species. Third edition. Oxford University Press, London, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-854017-5	Hemprich's long-eared bat	Algeria, Niger – Egypt – Afghanistan, Kashmir	Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–242 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.	Peters	1859	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1859:223.		The desert zone from Morocco and Niger through Egypt and Arabia to Tadzhikistan, Afghanistan, and Kashmir.	Egypt, Nile Valley south of Assuan (Aswan).		PETERS	1859	Size medium (forearm length, 55-67 mm).	Distribution: Same as for genus.	Five subspecies are currently recognized:	O. h. hemprichi (Morocco to Egypt and south to northern Niger), O. h.jin (Turkey to Oman), O. h. petersi (Iraq), O. h. leucophaeus (Turkmenia to Kashmir), O. h. cinerea (eastern Iran and Afghanistan).	129	species	O. hemprichi	PETERS	1859	Otonycteris	genus	Otonycteris hemprichi				Size medium (forearm length, 55-67 mm).	Five subspecies are currently recognized:		1. O. hemprichi PETERS 1859.	1	_O. h. cinerea_ Сатунин, 1909; _O. h. hemprichii_ Peters, 1859 (synonyms: _petersi_ Anderson & de Winton, 1902, _saharae_ (Laurent, 1936), _usta_ (Heuglin, 1877)); _O. h. jin_ Cheesman & Hinton, 1924			Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).	CHIROPTERA	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris		hemprichii	Peters		1859		Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1859		223		Hemprich's Desert Bat	Restricted by Kock (1969a) to the Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.	The desert zone from Morocco and Niger through Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq to Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Kashmir.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).	brevimanus Severtzov, 1873 [not Jenyns, 1829]; cinerea Satunin, 1909; jin Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; leucophaeus Severtzov, 1873; petersi Anderson and de Winton, 1902; saharae Laurent, 1936; ustus Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866 [nomen nudum].	Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994), but Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) have argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies.	4C3D87E8FF8B6A35FF4E9D261CCCB882	Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions	978-84-16728-19-0	hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf	hash://md5/b004ff90fffb6a44fffc96591e00bb32	870	zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF8B6A35FF4E9D261CCCB882.xml	Otonycteris hemprichii	Vespertilionidae	Otonycteris	hemprichii	Peters	1859	Oreillard de Hemprich @fr | Hemprich-Wiistengrof3ohr @de | Orejudo de Hemprich @es | Common Desert Long-eared Bat @en | Hemprich’'s Desert Bat @en | Hemprich's Long-eared Bat @en	Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 , type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan , Egypt and Chondek, Sudan . Based on genetic data, Otonycteris is sister genus to New World Corynorhinus . This species previously included O. leucophaea as a synonym, but genetic and morphological data support their separation as distinct species. There is a clinal variation in mensural data across the range but genetic and morphological data support accepting three races, although respective range limits are unclear, especially between cinerea and jin. Race jin may be a distinct species, but further study is needed. Three subspecies recognized.	O.h.hemprichiiPeters,1859—NAfricainMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,NNiger,Libya,Egypt,andNSudan,SETurkey,LevantregioninSyria,Lebanon,Israel,Palestine,andJordan,SEIraq(tentatively),andtherestofMesopotamia. O.h.cinereaSatunin,1909—mountainousareasofEArabia(atleastOmanandtheUnitedArabEmirates)andC&SIran. O. h. jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924 — lowland deserts of C & E Arabia, in Saudi Arabia and (tentatively) Qatar ; also SE Iran .	Head—body 57-86 mm , tail 40-64 mm , ear 30-43- 4 mm , hindfoot 9-14 mm , forearm 50-70 mm ; weight 18-19 g . The Desert Long-eared Bat is a robustly built vespertilionid, with relatively long, narrow muzzle. Compared with its only congener, the Turkestani Long-eared Bat ( O. leucophaea ), muzzle is somewhat shorter and narrower, baculum smaller and more robust, braincase wider, auditory bullae much more inflated and generally larger (the most diagnostic difference between the two species), and coronoid process of mandible higher. Pelage is loose and soft with ventral pelage less dense; dorsally pale beige (with a cline, darker in east and much lighter in west); ventrally whitish to pure white. Ears yellowish brown; very long and well separated with smoothly convex inner and outer margins and rounded tip; antitragus very small; tragus long and tapers to blunt tip. Eyes comparatively large for the family. Wings very broad, and membranes thick and leathery, semi-translucent, pale yellowish brown near body, becoming pale grayish brown near middle and whitish near wingtips and edges. Tail moderately long and more or less fully enclosed by uropatagium, which attaches at ankle; calcar reaches less than halfway between ankle and tail tip on uropatagium. Unlike most vespertilionids, there are two sets of nipples in this genus. Penis (in both species) unusual in that glans is expanded dorso-ventrally and protrudes through two lateral swellings with third swelling on penis dorsal surface. Baculum crescent-shaped, dorsolaterally flattened, and relatively thick. Skull robust, rostrum broad and high; braincase elongated; interorbital constriction is narrow. Canines large and round in transverse section; P* large and canine-like; M? extremely reduced; lower incisors small, compressed, partly overlapping, and bicuspid; I, has small cusp on lingual side; P, small but within tooth row, separating P, and C,; lower molars are myotodont. Dental formula for both members of genus is11/3,C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28, FN = 50, and FNa = 46 ( Jordan ).	Arid rocky desert and semi-desert habitats with sparse xeric shrubbery. Recorded in both lowland and highland regions.	Feed on a variety of ground-dwelling prey, including Scorpiones, Araneae , Coleoptera , Chilopoda , and Solifugae . In Israel , however, diet was reported to include mainly Coleoptera (sometimes only Scarabaeidae ), Heteroptera, and Diptera , which are typically flying insects. Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were also recorded in fecal samples from Iran . In captivity, the species was recorded eating geckos, although no vertebrate prey has been recorded in the wild. Feeds mainly by gleaning from ground; may also use aerial-hawking, especially when favored scorpion prey becomes scarce. Diet shifts through year. In Israel , scorpions made up 10% by volume of fecal samples in March but increased to 70% in August (during peak lactation). Although echolocation is an important means of finding prey, the species appears to cease echolocation occasionally when close to the ground, suggesting that it may be using vision or passive gleaning (listening for prey movement); this has been confirmed in laboratory studies involving scorpions, in which the bats would detect the scorpions by listening for their footsteps. After their scorpion prey was detected, they would immediately drop straight onto the moving scorpions, being stung frequently in the process. Once killed, the entire scorpion (including poison gland and stinger) were eaten; there was no preference for any particular species or size of scorpion. This suggests that the species is completely immune to the venom since no adverse effects were detected.	Limited information available. Pregnancy estimated to begin by late March in Israel , with births taking place roughly in first week ofJune. Pregnant females have been recorded in May-June in United Arab Emirates . Lactating females in mid-June in Niger . Litter size probably two.	Nocturnal, typically emerging c.40 minutes after sunset, almost always between 20:00 h and 21:00 h. In the Negev Desert, southern Israel , distances between roosts and foraging sites were 0-5- 9 km , and as distance increased, so did daily foraging time, mean daily foraging bout length, and first daily foraging bout length (mostly because of the increased distance the bats were flying). This species is well adapted to desert environments, being heterothermic and able to hibernate and enter shallow daily torpor. In Israel , individual females in both deep and shallow daily torpor were observed in their first two trimesters of pregnancy, with body temperatures frequently dropping as low as 15°C; during their third trimester of pregnancy, the bats only entered shallow torpor and their body temperatures always stayed above 29°C. Day roosts are typically in rock crevices and fissures and similarsites in buildings (cracks in stone walls); based on data from radio-tracked bats, these sites are constantly changed. They are considered “whispering” bats (passive gleaning), and have short, multiharmonic calls. Search-call shape is shallow FM with high intensity; start frequencies recorded at 34-2-68-3 kHz ( Jordan ), 28-5-32-8 kHz ( Iran ), 25-3-46-3 kHz ( Israel ), and average 42-4 kHz ( Morocco ); end frequencies 15-25-6 kHz ( Jordan ), 21-9-22-3 kHz ( Iran ), 18-25-3 kHz ( Israel ), and average 17 kHz ( Morocco ); peak frequencies 19-4-31-8 kHz ( Jordan ), 16-9-29-9 kHz ( Iran ), 20-5-34-1 kHz ( Israel ), and average 25-3 kHz ( Morocco ); durations 2-:9-11-9 milliseconds ( Jordan ), 3:4—4-1 milliseconds ( Iran ), average 5-2 milliseconds ( Israel ), and average 5-2 milliseconds ( Morocco ); interpulse intervals 72-302 milliseconds ( Jordan ) and 143-190-1 milliseconds ( Iran ). In one study, the first harmonic swept from 39 kHz to 22 kHz while the second harmonic had about one-half the intensity of the first and swept from 77 kHz to 43 kHz (average peak frequencies of 30 kHz forfirst harmonic and 54-5 kHz for second harmonic); the third harmonic was weak; average pulse duration was 2-5 milliseconds with interpulse interval 131 milliseconds.	Roosts in small groups, females and Juveniles typically in maternity colonies of 2-18 clumped together, whereas males typically roost alone. Social behavior is not well studied.	Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widespread but locally rare, although found quite regularly at some sites. There are currently no major threats, although it is affected by pesticide use.	ACR (2018) | Arslan & Zima (2014) | Benda & Gvozdik (2010) | Benda, Andreas et al. (2006) | Benda, Dietz et al. (2008) | Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012) | Benda, Luan et al. (2010) | Benda, Spitzenberger et al. (2014) | Daniel (2005) | Daniel et al. (2008, 2010a, 2010b) | Davis (2007) | Disca et al. (2014) | Fenton, Shalmon & Makin (1999) | Gharaibeh & Qumsiyeh (1995) | Hackett et al. (2014) | Holderied et al. (2011) | Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2001) | Horéagek (1991, 2013) | Kock (1969d) | Korine et al. (2013) | Marom et al. (2006) | Monadjem, Aulagnier, Hutson & Benda (2017) | Qumsiyeh & Bickham (1993)	https://zenodo.org/record/6398324/files/figure.png	243. Desert Long-eared Bat Otonycteris hemprichii French: Oreillard de Hemprich / German: Hemprich-Wiistengrof3ohr / Spanish: Orejudo de Hemprich Other common names: Common Desert Long-eared Bat , Hemprich’'s Desert Bat , Hemprich's Long-eared Bat Taxonomy. Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859 , type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan , Egypt and Chondek, Sudan . Based on genetic data, Otonycteris is sister genus to New World Corynorhinus . This species previously included O. leucophaea as a synonym, but genetic and morphological data support their separation as distinct species. There is a clinal variation in mensural data across the range but genetic and morphological data support accepting three races, although respective range limits are unclear, especially between cinerea and jin. Race jin may be a distinct species, but further study is needed. Three subspecies recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. O.h.hemprichiiPeters,1859—NAfricainMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,NNiger,Libya,Egypt,andNSudan,SETurkey,LevantregioninSyria,Lebanon,Israel,Palestine,andJordan,SEIraq(tentatively),andtherestofMesopotamia. O.h.cinereaSatunin,1909—mountainousareasofEArabia(atleastOmanandtheUnitedArabEmirates)andC&SIran. O. h. jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924 — lowland deserts of C & E Arabia, in Saudi Arabia and (tentatively) Qatar ; also SE Iran . Descriptive notes. Head—body 57-86 mm , tail 40-64 mm , ear 30-43- 4 mm , hindfoot 9-14 mm , forearm 50-70 mm ; weight 18-19 g . The Desert Long-eared Bat is a robustly built vespertilionid, with relatively long, narrow muzzle. Compared with its only congener, the Turkestani Long-eared Bat ( O. leucophaea ), muzzle is somewhat shorter and narrower, baculum smaller and more robust, braincase wider, auditory bullae much more inflated and generally larger (the most diagnostic difference between the two species), and coronoid process of mandible higher. Pelage is loose and soft with ventral pelage less dense; dorsally pale beige (with a cline, darker in east and much lighter in west); ventrally whitish to pure white. Ears yellowish brown; very long and well separated with smoothly convex inner and outer margins and rounded tip; antitragus very small; tragus long and tapers to blunt tip. Eyes comparatively large for the family. Wings very broad, and membranes thick and leathery, semi-translucent, pale yellowish brown near body, becoming pale grayish brown near middle and whitish near wingtips and edges. Tail moderately long and more or less fully enclosed by uropatagium, which attaches at ankle; calcar reaches less than halfway between ankle and tail tip on uropatagium. Unlike most vespertilionids, there are two sets of nipples in this genus. Penis (in both species) unusual in that glans is expanded dorso-ventrally and protrudes through two lateral swellings with third swelling on penis dorsal surface. Baculum crescent-shaped, dorsolaterally flattened, and relatively thick. Skull robust, rostrum broad and high; braincase elongated; interorbital constriction is narrow. Canines large and round in transverse section; P* large and canine-like; M? extremely reduced; lower incisors small, compressed, partly overlapping, and bicuspid; I, has small cusp on lingual side; P, small but within tooth row, separating P, and C,; lower molars are myotodont. Dental formula for both members of genus is11/3,C1/1,P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28, FN = 50, and FNa = 46 ( Jordan ). Habitat. Arid rocky desert and semi-desert habitats with sparse xeric shrubbery. Recorded in both lowland and highland regions. Food and Feeding. Feed on a variety of ground-dwelling prey, including Scorpiones, Araneae , Coleoptera , Chilopoda , and Solifugae . In Israel , however, diet was reported to include mainly Coleoptera (sometimes only Scarabaeidae ), Heteroptera, and Diptera , which are typically flying insects. Orthoptera and Lepidoptera were also recorded in fecal samples from Iran . In captivity, the species was recorded eating geckos, although no vertebrate prey has been recorded in the wild. Feeds mainly by gleaning from ground; may also use aerial-hawking, especially when favored scorpion prey becomes scarce. Diet shifts through year. In Israel , scorpions made up 10% by volume of fecal samples in March but increased to 70% in August (during peak lactation). Although echolocation is an important means of finding prey, the species appears to cease echolocation occasionally when close to the ground, suggesting that it may be using vision or passive gleaning (listening for prey movement); this has been confirmed in laboratory studies involving scorpions, in which the bats would detect the scorpions by listening for their footsteps. After their scorpion prey was detected, they would immediately drop straight onto the moving scorpions, being stung frequently in the process. Once killed, the entire scorpion (including poison gland and stinger) were eaten; there was no preference for any particular species or size of scorpion. This suggests that the species is completely immune to the venom since no adverse effects were detected. Breeding. Limited information available. Pregnancy estimated to begin by late March in Israel , with births taking place roughly in first week ofJune. Pregnant females have been recorded in May-June in United Arab Emirates . Lactating females in mid-June in Niger . Litter size probably two. Activity patterns. Nocturnal, typically emerging c.40 minutes after sunset, almost always between 20:00 h and 21:00 h. In the Negev Desert, southern Israel , distances between roosts and foraging sites were 0-5- 9 km , and as distance increased, so did daily foraging time, mean daily foraging bout length, and first daily foraging bout length (mostly because of the increased distance the bats were flying). This species is well adapted to desert environments, being heterothermic and able to hibernate and enter shallow daily torpor. In Israel , individual females in both deep and shallow daily torpor were observed in their first two trimesters of pregnancy, with body temperatures frequently dropping as low as 15°C; during their third trimester of pregnancy, the bats only entered shallow torpor and their body temperatures always stayed above 29°C. Day roosts are typically in rock crevices and fissures and similarsites in buildings (cracks in stone walls); based on data from radio-tracked bats, these sites are constantly changed. They are considered “whispering” bats (passive gleaning), and have short, multiharmonic calls. Search-call shape is shallow FM with high intensity; start frequencies recorded at 34-2-68-3 kHz ( Jordan ), 28-5-32-8 kHz ( Iran ), 25-3-46-3 kHz ( Israel ), and average 42-4 kHz ( Morocco ); end frequencies 15-25-6 kHz ( Jordan ), 21-9-22-3 kHz ( Iran ), 18-25-3 kHz ( Israel ), and average 17 kHz ( Morocco ); peak frequencies 19-4-31-8 kHz ( Jordan ), 16-9-29-9 kHz ( Iran ), 20-5-34-1 kHz ( Israel ), and average 25-3 kHz ( Morocco ); durations 2-:9-11-9 milliseconds ( Jordan ), 3:4—4-1 milliseconds ( Iran ), average 5-2 milliseconds ( Israel ), and average 5-2 milliseconds ( Morocco ); interpulse intervals 72-302 milliseconds ( Jordan ) and 143-190-1 milliseconds ( Iran ). In one study, the first harmonic swept from 39 kHz to 22 kHz while the second harmonic had about one-half the intensity of the first and swept from 77 kHz to 43 kHz (average peak frequencies of 30 kHz forfirst harmonic and 54-5 kHz for second harmonic); the third harmonic was weak; average pulse duration was 2-5 milliseconds with interpulse interval 131 milliseconds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Roosts in small groups, females and Juveniles typically in maternity colonies of 2-18 clumped together, whereas males typically roost alone. Social behavior is not well studied. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Widespread but locally rare, although found quite regularly at some sites. There are currently no major threats, although it is affected by pesticide use. Bibliography. ACR (2018), Arslan & Zima (2014), Benda & Gvozdik (2010), Benda, Andreas et al. (2006), Benda, Dietz et al. (2008), Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012), Benda, Luan et al. (2010), Benda, Spitzenberger et al. (2014), Daniel (2005), Daniel et al. (2008, 2010a, 2010b), Davis (2007), Disca et al. (2014), Fenton, Shalmon & Makin (1999), Gharaibeh & Qumsiyeh (1995), Hackett et al. (2014), Holderied et al. (2011), Hoofer & Van Den Bussche (2001), Horéagek (1991, 2013), Kock (1969d), Korine et al. (2013), Marom et al. (2006), Monadjem, Aulagnier, Hutson & Benda (2017), Qumsiyeh & Bickham (1993).	Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.	Vespertilionidae	Otonycteris hemprichii	Otonycteris		hemprichii	Peters	1859	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1862:43:00	Hemprich's Desert Bat	 petersi Anderson and de Winton, 1902; saharae Laurent, 1936; ustus Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866 [ nomen nudum ];<b> cinerea </b> Satunin, 1909; <b> jin </b> Cheesman and Hinton, 1924.	Restricted by Kock (1969a) to the Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.	N Africa, Middle East.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010)	Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771 released 15 April 2023	Otonycteris hemprichii	23	Desert Long-eared Bat	Common Desert Long-eared Bat|Hemprich's Desert Bat|Hemprich's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Otonycteris	NA	hemprichii	W. Peters	1859	0	Otonycteris_Hemprichii	Peters, W. C. H. (1859). Ãœber die Chiropterengattung Nyctophilus. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1859, 223.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41575#page/231/mode/1up	ZMB 441, ZMB 442 [syntypes]		type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.			hemprichii W. Peters, 1859|ustus (Fitzinger & Heuglin, 1866) [nomen nudum]|petersi J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902|cinerea Satunin, 1909|jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924|saharae (Laurent, 1936)	previously included O. leucophaea	Benda, P., & Gvoždík, V. (2010). Taxonomy of the genus Otonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(1), 83-102.	Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Niger|Libya|Egypt|Sudan|Turkey|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Syria|Iraq|Saudi Arabia|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Qatar|Iran	Africa|Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	sciname match	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].	90000000	Otonycteris hemprichii	ANIMALIA	CHORDATA	MAMMALIA	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIDAE	Otonycteris	hemprichii	Peters, 1859		20000000	Otonycteris hemprichii	Least Concern		2017	2016-08-31 00:00:00 UTC	3.1	English	This is a relatively common species in desert and sub-desert habitats of the south-west Palaearctic. It has a presumed large population but the current trend is unknown, however, if it is in decline, it is unlikely to be at a rate which would qualify it for inclusion in the threatened categories. There are no major threats to the species, although it may be affected by pesticides in some parts of its range. Therefore it is listed as Least Concern.	Occurs in desert and semi-desert habitats of the Palaearctic region. Its habitats are xeric, sparsely vegetated and rocky. It seems well adapted to arid climates (Gharaibeh and Qumsiyeh 1995). Roosts in rock fissures or in human constructions (Gharaibeh and Qumsiyeh 1995). This is a ground-gleaning species.	Although not a major threat this species is affected by pesticides.	Widespread but generally rare, with a scattered distribution. Mostly solitary animals, female colonies up to 18 individuals. Litter size is usually 2. In Turkmenistan the species is considered Least Concern. It has benn found up to 2,400 m in Tadjikistan (K. Tsytsulina pers. comm.).	Unknown	The species occurs in the southern desert and sub-desert belt of Western and Central Palaearctic from Morocco and Niger as far east as north-west India. It is possibly present in the whole of the desert area in the north of Africa where there is suitable habitat. In the Mediterranean region it is recorded from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, northern Sudan and Egypt. In the Middle East it is found in Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and a single locality from southeastern Turkey. It has an area of occupancy of &gt;20,000 km<sup>2</sup> and occupies an altitude of up to 2400 m (in Pakistan).		Terrestrial	The species presumably occurs in some protected areas across its range. No other specific measures are known, although it will be protected under national legislation in some of the range states. A study on the impacts of pesticides is required, especially ways in which the impact might be minimised.	Afrotropical|Indomalayan|Palearctic		FALSE	FALSE	Global	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2023). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.4 (1.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8136157 	Vespertilionidae	Otonycteris		hemprichii	Peters	1859	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1862:43:00	Hemprich's Desert Bat	 petersi Anderson and de Winton, 1902; saharae Laurent, 1936; ustus Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866 [ nomen nudum ];<b> cinerea </b> Satunin, 1909; <b> jin </b> Cheesman and Hinton, 1924.	Restricted by Kock (1969a) to the Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.	N Africa, Middle East.	Not listed.	Least Concern	Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010)	Otonycteris hemprichii	1005660	23	Desert Long-eared Bat	Common Desert Long-eared Bat|Hemprich's Desert Bat|Hemprich's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	CHIROPTERA	VESPERTILIONIFORMES	NA	NA	VESPERTILIONOIDEA	Vespertilionidae	VESPERTILIONINAE	PLECOTINI	Otonycteris	NA	hemprichii	W. Peters	1859	0	Otonycteris_Hemprichii	Peters, W. C. H. (1859). Ãœber die Chiropterengattung Nyctophilus. Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1859, 223.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41575#page/231/mode/1up	ZMB 441, ZMB 442 [syntypes]		type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.			hemprichii W. Peters, 1859|ustus (Fitzinger & Heuglin, 1866) [nomen nudum]|petersi J. Anderson & de Winton, 1902|cinerea Satunin, 1909|jin Cheesman & Hinton, 1924|saharae (Laurent, 1936)	previously included O. leucophaea	Benda, P., & Gvoždík, V. (2010). Taxonomy of the genus Otonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(1), 83-102.				Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Niger|Libya|Egypt|Sudan|Turkey|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Syria|Iraq|Saudi Arabia|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Qatar|Iran	Africa|Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	sciname match	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	Burgin, C. J., Zijlstra, J. S., Becker, M. A., Handika, H., Alston, J. M., Widness, J., Liphardt, S., Huckaby, D. G., and Upham, N. S. (2025). How many mammal species are there now? Updates and trends in taxonomic, nomenclatural, and geographic knowledge. Journal of Mammalogy in revision: TBD. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.27.640393	Otonycteris_hemprichii	1005660	23	Desert Long-eared Bat	Common Desert Long-eared Bat|Hemprich's Desert Bat|Hemprich's Long-eared Bat	Theria	Placentalia	Boreoeutheria	Laurasiatheria	Chiroptera	Yangochiroptera	NA	NA	Vespertilionoidea	Vespertilionidae	Vespertilioninae	Plecotini	Otonycteris	NA	hemprichii	W. C. H. Peters	0	Otonycteris Hemprichii	Peters, W.C.H. 1859. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Chiropteren. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1859:222-225.	https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11069575	ZMB 441, ZMB 442	syntypes		type locality not given. Restricted by D. Kock in 1969 to Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.	24.08333	32.9	previously included O. leucophaea	Benda, P., & Gvoždík, V. (2010). Taxonomy of the genus Otonycteris (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Plecotini) as inferred from morphological and mtDNA data. Acta Chiropterologica, 12(1), 83-102.				Morocco|Algeria|Tunisia|Niger|Libya|Egypt|Sudan|Turkey|Israel|Palestine|Jordan|Syria|Iraq|Saudi Arabia|Oman|United Arab Emirates|Qatar|Iran	Africa|Asia	Palearctic	LC	0	0	0	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	sciname match	Otonycteris_hemprichii	0	Simmons, N. B., & Cirranello, A. L. (2025). Batnames.org Species List Version 1.7 (1.7). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14796586	Vespertilionidae	Otonycteris		hemprichii	Peters	1859	0	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin	1862:43:00	Hemprich's Desert Bat	petersi Anderson and de Winton, 1902; saharae Laurent, 1936; ustus Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866 [nomen nudum];cinerea Satunin, 1909; jin Cheesman and Hinton, 1924.	Restricted by Kock (1969a) to the Nile Valley between north of Aswan, Egypt and Chondek, Sudan.	N Africa, Middle East.	<a href='https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php' target='_blank'>Not Listed</a>	<a href='https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85294528/22118826/' target='_blank'>Least Concern</a>	Does not include leucophaea; see Benda and Gvoždík (2010). May contain additional cryptic diversity; see Mayer et al. (2007). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997), and Benda and Gvoždík (2010). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994). Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies. However, Benda and Gvoždík (2010)		Mammal Diversity Database. (2025). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 2.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15007505	NA	Otonycteris hemprichii; Otonycteris hemprichii; Otonycteris hemprichii; Otonycteris hemprichii; Otonycteris hemprichii; Otonycteris hemprichii; brevimanus; cinerea; jin; leucophaeus; petersi; saharae; ustus; hemprichii; cinerea; jin; cinerea; jin; petersi; saharae; ustus; hemprichii; ustus; petersi; cinerea; jin; saharae; Oreillard de Hemprich; Hemprich-Wiistengrof3ohr; Orejudo de Hemprich; Common Desert Long-eared Bat; Hemprich’'s Desert Bat; Hemprich's Long-eared Bat; Desert Long-eared Bat; Common Desert Long-eared Bat; Hemprich's Desert Bat; Hemprich's Long-eared Bat; Hemprich's Desert Bat; Hemprich's Desert Bat; O. hemprichii